纪录片《文明》 第150期 初次邂逅（4）

On one corner of the tower

贝伦塔的一角

is a celebrated¹ trophy² of Portuguese³ globalism.

展示着葡萄牙全球化的战利品

It's a rhinoceros⁵, modelled on a real animal

这是一头犀牛 以真实动物为原型

sent by an Indian prince as a gift to the King of Portugal.

是一位印第安王子送给葡萄牙国王的礼物

Brought by ship around Africa

由环绕非洲的船只运送过来

and paraded through the docks of Lisbon,

又在里斯本的各大码头游行

it was the first rhino⁴ seen in Europe since the Romans.

这是自罗马之后欧洲第一次见识到犀牛

The same animal was famously immortalised

它被德国画家阿尔布雷希特.丢勒

by the German artist Albrecht Durer.

画成了传世名作的动物

He never saw the beast himself,

他本人从未见过这种野兽

but transformed someone else's sketch⁶

却将别人绘下的草图

into an engraved⁷ masterpiece,

变成了让人铭记的杰作

which he reproduced and sold in thousands of woodcut prints.

他用木刻版画印刷批量生产 卖出了上千幅

This is the image that helped establish Durer

就是这张图画确立了丢勒

as a master of the new medium of mass communication...

在大众传播新媒介领域中的大师地位

the printing press.

也就是使用印刷机

By the 16th century,

到十六世纪

Lisbon had become perhaps Europe's most cosmopolitan⁸ city.

里斯本成为欧洲可能是最国际化的城市

A reality that was captured in a uniquely revealing painting...

现实生活被定格在一幅极具启迪性的画作中

...the King's Fountain.

即《国王喷泉》

It's believed that the artist who produced this,

现在认为这幅画的创作者来自于荷兰

whose name has been lost, was from the Netherlands,

其名姓已不可考

but this is not a picture of Delft or Amsterdam,

但这描绘的并非是代尔夫特或阿姆斯特丹

this is Lisbon.

这是里斯本

This is Lisbon in the 16th century,

这就是十六世纪的里斯本

at the very height of Portugal's global trading empire.

葡萄牙的全球贸易帝国正值顶峰时期

It's a part of the city called the king's fountain

这是城市的一部分 名叫国王喷泉

and the fountain is shown here.

这里展现的就是那座喷泉

What's striking about this picture is the people.

最令人啧啧称奇的是画作中的人物

Lisbon in this painting looks

这幅画作中的里斯本看起来

more like a 21st-century capital,

更像是二十一世纪的首都城市

because as Portugal's trading empire expanded

因为随着葡萄牙贸易帝国在全世界

around the world, people from across that empire came to Lisbon.

不断扩张 整个帝国的人都涌向里斯本

Incredibly, it's believed that 10%,

难以置信的是 当时里斯本的人口中

one in 10, of Lisbon's population were Africans.

每十人就有一人是非洲人

The Africans in this painting are existing

这幅画中的非洲人

at every level of the social strata⁹.

出现在社会的各个阶层

There are the aguaderos, these are water carriers.

其中有搬运水的黑人

They are almost certainly slaves.

他们几乎可以肯定是奴隶

But there were white slaves as well as black slaves.

但是奴隶中既有黑人也有白人

1 celebrated   

adj.有名的，声誉卓著的

参考例句：

• He was soon one of the most celebrated young painters in England.不久他就成了英格兰最负盛名的年轻画家之一。
• The celebrated violinist was mobbed by the audience.观众团团围住了这位著名的小提琴演奏家。

2 trophy   

n.优胜旗，奖品，奖杯，战胜品，纪念品

参考例句：

• The cup is a cherished trophy of the company.那只奖杯是该公司很珍惜的奖品。
• He hung the lion's head as a trophy.他把那狮子头挂起来作为狩猎纪念品。

3 Portuguese   

n.葡萄牙人；葡萄牙语

参考例句：

• They styled their house in the Portuguese manner.他们仿照葡萄牙的风格设计自己的房子。
• Her family is Portuguese in origin.她的家族是葡萄牙血统。

4 rhino   

n.犀牛，钱, 现金

参考例句：

• The rhino charged headlong towards us.犀牛急速地向我们冲来。
• They have driven the rhino to the edge of extinction.他们已经令犀牛濒临灭绝。

5 rhinoceros   

n.犀牛

参考例句：

• The rhinoceros has one horn on its nose.犀牛鼻子上有一个角。
• The body of the rhinoceros likes a cattle and the head likes a triangle.犀牛的形体像牛，头呈三角形。

6 sketch   

n.草图；梗概；素描；v.素描；概述

参考例句：

• My sister often goes into the country to sketch. 我姐姐常到乡间去写生。
• I will send you a slight sketch of the house.我将给你寄去房屋的草图。

7 engraved   

v.在（硬物）上雕刻（字，画等）( engrave的过去式和过去分词 )；将某事物深深印在（记忆或头脑中）

参考例句：

• The silver cup was engraved with his name. 银杯上刻有他的名字。
• It was prettily engraved with flowers on the back. 此件雕刻精美，背面有花饰图案。 来自《简明英汉词典》

8 cosmopolitan   

adj.世界性的，全世界的，四海为家的，全球的

参考例句：

• New York is a highly cosmopolitan city.纽约是一个高度世界性的城市。
• She has a very cosmopolitan outlook on life.她有四海一家的人生观。

9 strata   

n.地层（复数）；社会阶层

参考例句：

• The older strata gradually disintegrate.较老的岩层渐渐风化。
• They represent all social strata.他们代表各个社会阶层。