英语口语大赢家Topic312:游泳竞技 Swimming Events

人类开始参与水上运动可以追溯到历史被记载之前。那是伴随着工业发展和人类体能进步的一段历史。

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The history of man's involvement with water sports stretches back before history was written down. It is a history of the development of technology as well as human physical achievement. Man first took to water in boats that sailed around the world with nothing but the stars to guide them. The seas and rivers were a mystery to be feared, for lurked¹ unknown creatures and death by drowning. Few actually ventured² into the water. This changed as time went on. As a sport, however, water sports such as swimming, diving, and water polo are new comparatively to those on land. Probably the oldest one is rowing in a rowboat. This is seen in modern games such as competitions between rowing clubs in British and American universities. Olympic Water Sports began with swimming but did not end there. Olympic swimming began in the same year that the modern Olympic Games began in 1896. Yet, swimming as a sport can be traced³ at least back to the 16th century. The different kinds of water sports such as diving or water skiing⁴ came much later. Diving is especially important for China as many Chinese divers⁵ are the best in the world. Water games for fun are also a part of everyday life. If people live around water that they can swim or play in, these will be integrated⁶ into the culture. Many cultures have a tradition of water sports. While it is still an element⁷ that is dangerous and with which we wish to measure our courage, water is no longer a thing of mystery. It has become a medium through which we can enjoy our lives.

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人类开始参与水上运动可以追溯到历史被记载之前。那是伴随着工业发展和人类体能进步的一段历史。人类第一次乘船环游世界的时候什么都没有带，只有星星为其指引方向。海洋和河流是令人生畏的谜，因为那里潜伏着不为人知的生物和被淹没而死亡的危险。很少有人敢真正地冒险下水。随着时间的推移，情况发生了变化。然而，作为一项运动，水上运动相对于陆地运动来说是新鲜的，例如游泳、跳水和水球。或许其中最古老的运动就是划船。这项运动在现代比赛中常可看到，例如英美校际俱乐部间的划船比赛。奥林匹克水上运动始于游泳但却不止于此。奥林匹克游泳运动始于现代奥林匹克开始的同一年，1896年。然而游泳作为一项竞技运动至少可以追溯到16世纪。不同种类的水上运动则出现得晚得多，例如跳水和滑水运动。跳水运动在中国占有重要地位，中国有很多跳水运动员都是世界的顶级选手。为了娱乐的水上运动也是人们日常生活的一个组成部分。如果人们住在水边，他们就可以去游泳或在水里嬉戏，这也会融入当地的文化中。许多文化都包含水上运动的传统。尽管它仍然是一个危险的因素，而我们却可以用它来衡量自己的勇气，况且水已经不再是一个神秘的事物。水已经成为一种媒介，通过它我们可以享受生活。

Grammar 语法小结
虚拟语气

虚拟语气在从句中的用法很广，在宾语从句中有以下两种常用虚拟语气。

1． wish 后的宾语从句中谓语主要有两种形式，一种用过去时表示现在情况，一种用过去完成时表示过去情况

I wish I could help you. 但愿我能帮助你。

I wish I had more time. 但愿我有多的时间。

I wish I had listened to your advice. 我要是听了你的劝告就好了。

She wished she hadn't come. 她但愿自己没有来。

2． suggest, demand, ask 这类动词后面的宾语从句多用虚拟语气

He suggested that we (should ) do like that. 他建议我们应该像那样做。

She demanded that I (should) pay her at once. 她要求我马上付款。

He asks that he (should) be given more. 他要求给多些。

Do it together家庭总动员
找出下面句子中的语法错误并改正。

1. I wish I am a superman⁸.

2. He demanded we went immediately.

3. He suggested I went to see a doctor.

4. I hope I haven't said those terrible things.

5. I wish I haven't given it up.

1. am → was

2. went → go

3. went → go

4. haven't → hadn't

5. haven't → hadn't

1 lurked   

vi.潜伏，埋伏（lurk的过去式与过去分词形式）

参考例句：

• The murderers lurked behind the trees. 谋杀者埋伏在树后。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Treachery lurked behind his smooth manners. 他圆滑姿态的后面潜伏着奸计。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

2 ventured   

v.敢于，冒险( venture的过去式和过去分词 )；冒…的危险；拿…冒险；用…进行投机

参考例句：

• Very few people ventured to go out on that stormy night. 在那个风雨交加的夜晚，很少有人敢出去。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• I admire those explorers who ventured forth to explore new lands. 我敬佩那些为发现新大陆而外出的探险家们。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 traced   

描绘( trace的过去式和过去分词 )； 追溯； 发现； 跟踪

参考例句：

• We finally traced him to an address in Chicago. 我们终于追查到他在芝加哥的一个地址。
• The names were traced out in stark black print. 这些名字是用醒目的黑体字印出的。

4 skiing   

n.滑雪运动

参考例句：

• I'm a complete novice at skiing. 滑雪我完全是个新手。
• to go skiing 去滑雪

5 divers   

adj.不同的；种种的

参考例句：

• He chose divers of them,who were asked to accompany him.他选择他们当中的几个人，要他们和他作伴。
• Two divers work together while a standby diver remains on the surface.两名潜水员协同工作，同时有一名候补潜水员留在水面上。

6 integrated   

a.整合的，完整的

参考例句：

• A fully integrated low phase noise LC voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) is presented.介绍了一种全集成的LC压控振荡器(VCO)的设计。

7 element   

n.元素；组成部分，成分；零件，元件

参考例句：

• Justice is an important element of good government.公正是仁政的要素。
• Carbon is an element,while carbon dioxide is a compound.碳是一种(化学)元素，而二氧化碳则是一种化合物。

8 superman   

n.具有超人能力的人，超人

参考例句：

• He is a superman in physical strength.他在体力上是个超人。
• He was a successful actor,famous for the Superman films.他是个成功的演员，以“超人”电影而著名。