美国学生人类历史 第149期:教皇与皇帝之争(5)

 The Pope answered with excommunication and a demand that the German princes rid themselves of their unworthy ruler. 格利高里的回答是将亨利四世逐出教会，并号召德意志的王公们驱逐这位德行败坏、不配为人君主的国王。

The German princes, only too happy to be rid of Henry, asked the Pope to come to Augsburg and help them elect a new Emperor. 日尔曼的贵族们正乐得除掉亨利，自己取而代之，纷纷要求教皇亲自前来奥格斯堡，为他们挑选一位新国王。

Gregory left Rome and travelled northward¹. Henry, who was no fool, appreciated the danger of his position. 格利高里离开罗马，前往北方去惩治自己的对手。亨利四世当然不是白痴，他清楚自己前景可危的处境。

At all costs he must make peace with the Pope, and he must do it at once. 此时此刻，国王唯一的出路是不惜一切代价与教皇讲和。

In the midst of winter he crossed the Alps and hastened to Canossa where the Pope had stopped for a short rest. 时值严冬，亨利也顾不得天寒路险，急匆匆地越过阿尔卑斯山，火速赶往教皇驻脚做短暂休息的卡诺萨城堡。

Three long days, from the 25th to the 28th of January of the year 1077, 公元1077年1月25日至28日，整整三天，

Henry, dressed as a penitent² pilgrim(but with a warm sweater underneath³ his monkish⁴ garb), waited outside the gates of the castle of Canossa. 亨利装作一个极度忏悔的虔诚教徒，身穿破烂的僧侣装（但破衣之下藏着一件暖和的毛衣），恭恭敬敬守候在城堡的大门前，请求教皇陛下的宽恕。

Then he was allowed to enter and was pardoned for his sins. 三天后格利高里终于允许他进人城堡，亲自赦免了他的罪行。

But the repentance⁵ did not last long. 可亨利的忏悔并未持续多久。

As soon as Henry had returned to Germany, he behaved exactly as before. 一当被废黜的危机过去，平安返回德国后，他又故态复萌，依旧我行我素。

Again he was excommunicated. 教皇再次把亨利逐出教会，

For the second time a council of German bishops⁶ deposed⁷ Gregory, 而亨利再次召开了德意志主教团 会议，废黜了格利高里。

but this time, when Henry crossed the Alps he was at the head of a large army, besieged⁸ Rome and forced Gregory to retire to Salerno, where he died in exile. 不过这一回，当亨利不辞劳苦地翻越阿尔卑斯山时，他带上了一支庞大的军队，雄赳赳走在前头。日尔曼军队包围了罗马城，格利高里被迫退位，最终死于流放地萨勒诺。

This first violent outbreak decided⁹ nothing. 教皇与国王的第一次流血冲突没能解决任何问题。

As soon as Henry was back in Germany, the struggle between Pope and Emperor was continued. 一俟亨利返回德意志，他们之间的争斗又接着开始了。

1 northward   

adv.向北；n.北方的地区

参考例句：

• He pointed his boat northward.他将船驶向北方。
• I would have a chance to head northward quickly.我就很快有机会去北方了。

2 penitent   

adj.后悔的；n.后悔者；忏悔者

参考例句：

• They all appeared very penitent,and begged hard for their lives.他们一个个表示悔罪，苦苦地哀求饶命。
• She is deeply penitent.她深感愧疚。

3 underneath   

adj.在...下面，在...底下；adv.在下面

参考例句：

• Working underneath the car is always a messy job.在汽车底下工作是件脏活。
• She wore a coat with a dress underneath.她穿着一件大衣，里面套着一条连衣裙。

4 monkish   

adj.僧侣的，修道士的，禁欲的

参考例句：

• There was an unconquerable repulsion for her in that monkish aspect. 她对这副猴子样的神气有一种无法克制的厌恶。 来自辞典例句

5 repentance   

n.懊悔

参考例句：

• He shows no repentance for what he has done.他对他的所作所为一点也不懊悔。
• Christ is inviting sinners to repentance.基督正在敦请有罪的人悔悟。

6 bishops   

（基督教某些教派管辖大教区的）主教( bishop的名词复数 )； （国际象棋的）象

参考例句：

• Each player has two bishops at the start of the game. 棋赛开始时，每名棋手有两只象。
• "Only sheriffs and bishops and rich people and kings, and such like. “他劫富济贫，抢的都是郡长、主教、国王之类的富人。

7 deposed   

v.罢免( depose的过去式和过去分词 )；（在法庭上）宣誓作证

参考例句：

• The president was deposed in a military coup. 总统在军事政变中被废黜。
• The head of state was deposed by the army. 国家元首被军队罢免了。 来自《简明英汉词典》

8 besieged   

包围，围困，围攻( besiege的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Paris was besieged for four months and forced to surrender. 巴黎被围困了四个月后被迫投降。
• The community besieged the newspaper with letters about its recent editorial. 公众纷纷来信对报社新近发表的社论提出诘问，弄得报社应接不暇。

9 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。