新概念英语第二册 lesson 2 Breakfast or lunch?

　　Lesson 2 Breakfast or lunch? 早餐还是午餐？
课文内容：
It was Sunday. I never get up early on Sundays. I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime. Last Sunday I got up very late. I looked out of the window. It was dark outside. ‘What a day!’ I thought. ‘It's raining again. ’ Just then, the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy. ‘I've just arrived by train, ’ she said. ‘I'm coming to see you. ’
‘But I'm still having breakfast, ’ I said.
‘What are you doing?’ she asked.
‘I'm having breakfast, ’ I repeated².
‘Dear me, ’ she said. ‘Do you always get up so late? It's one o'clock!’
Notes on the text 课文注释
1 on Sundays，指每个星期日。星期几的前面用介词on。
2 What a day！多么糟糕的天气！这是一个省略的感叹句。完整的句子应该是What a day it is！英语中的感叹句常用what开头，后面紧跟一个名词或名词性短语(包括连系动词)，然后是主语和谓语，句尾用感叹号。
3 I'm coming to see you．在这句话中现在进行时用来表示近期按计划或安排要进行的动作。
4 Dear me！天哪！这也是一个感叹句。
参考译文
那是个星期天，而在星期天我是从来不早起的，有时我要一直躺到吃午饭的时候。上个星期天，我起得很晚。我望望窗外，外面一片昏暗。“鬼天气！”我想，“又下雨了。”正在这时，电话铃响了。是我姑母露西打来的。“我刚下火车，”她说，“我这就来看你。”
“但我还在吃早饭，”我说。
“你在干什么？”她问道。
“我正在吃早饭，”我又说了一遍。
“天啊，”她说，“你总是起得这么晚吗？现在已经1点钟了！”

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　　自学导读
课文详注 Further³ notes on the text
1．It was Sunday. 那是个星期天。
在句子中，我们常常用it指时间、天气、温度或距离。这种it有时被称为“虚主语”
（empty subject），因为它没有实际意义。它之所以存在，是因为英语句子必须包含主语和谓语。请注意以下例句：
表示时间：
It is 8 o'clock.
8点了。
表示天气：
It's raining again.
又下雨了。
It is cold.
天气冷。
表示环境：
It was dark outside.
外面一片漆黑。
作为第3人称单数的中性代词，it可以指一件东西、一个事件或者用来指是什么人：
It was my aunt Lucy.
是我姑母露西。（打来电话者）
It is a lovely baby.
真是个可爱的小宝宝。
2．on Sundays, 在星期天的时侯。
（1）复数形式指每个星期日，或大部分星期日，与一般现在时连用，表示经常性的行为：
We do not go to school on Sundays.
星期天我们不上学。
I never get up early on Sundays.
星期天我从来不早起。
（2）介词on一般用于表示某一天的时间短语中：
on Monday星期一
on Friday 星期五
on Monday morning在星期一早上
on that day在那一天
当我们使用last, next和this, that时，介词（以及定冠词）必须省略：
I'll see you next/this Friday.
下个／这个星期五再见。
Last Sunday I got up very late.
上个星期天我起得很晚。
3．I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime. 有时我要一直躺到吃午饭的时候。
（1）在表达卧床的意思时bed前不需加冠词：
You must stay/remain in bed for another two days.
你必须再卧床两天。
What time did you go to bed last night?
你昨晚几点睡的？
It is time for bed now.
该睡觉了。
（2）until用于表示动作、状态等的持续，可以译为“一直到……为止”或“在……以前”。在肯定句中，它与表示持续性状态的动词连用，表示持续到某一时刻：
I'll wait here until 5.
我会在这里等到5点钟。
在否定句中，它通常与描述短暂动作的动词连用，表示“到……为止”、“直到……才”：
She cannot arrive until 6.
她到6点才能来。
The rain did not stop until this morning.
直到今天早上雨才停了。
4．arrive by train, 坐火车来。
by air乘飞机
by bicycle/bike骑自行车
by boat乘船
by bus乘公共汽车
by car乘小汽车
by land由陆路
by plane乘飞机
by sea由海路
by ship乘船
by train乘火车
Every morning he goes to school by bus.
他每天早上坐公共汽车去上学。
Long ago people could go to America only by ship/sea.
很早以前人们只能乘船去美洲。
如果是特指的交通工具，则要加冠词或其他限定词：
My aunt left by the 9：15 train.
我姑妈乘9点1刻的火车走的。
5．Dear me, 天哪。
这个感叹方式可以表示惊愕、困惑、同情等。还可以说“Oh, dear!”或“Dear, dear!”

语法 Grammar in use
1．现在进行时(The present progressive⁴ tense) 和一般现在时(The present simple tense)
现在进行时表示说话时正在进行的动作或正在发生的事件，往往与now, just, still等副词连用（cf. 第1册第31课）：
John is still sleeping.
约翰还在睡觉。
Jane is just dressing⁵ up.
简正在打扮。
Mrs. Smith is cooking now.
史密斯太太现在正在做饭。
一般现在时可以表示习惯性动作，往往与频度副词连用，如often, always, sometimes, never等：
Do you often come here?
你常来这儿吗？
I always to the library on Friday.
星期五我经常去图书馆。
Helen never writes to her brother Tony. She sometimes rings him.
海伦从来不给她兄弟托尼写信。她有时给他打电话。
现在进行时也用来表示当前（一段时间）的动向：
Jack⁶ is working hard these days.
杰克最近工作很努力。
He does not usually work hard.
他通常是不努力工作的。
2．感叹句(Exclamations)
以what开头的感叹句结构为：
What＋adj.＋n. +主语+谓语！
主语和谓语经常被省略：
What an interesting play (it is)!
多么有趣的一出戏！
What a lot of flowers!
这么多花呀！
What fools they are!
他们真傻！
如果没有形容词，则往往表示批评或不大好的意思：
What a thing to say!
多么难听的话啊！
What a day!
鬼天气！

　　词汇学习 Word study
1．ring vt.
（1）鸣，响，发出清脆响亮的声音：
Just then, the telephone rang.
正在这时，电话铃响了。
Every morning the clock rings at 6.
这钟每天早上6点响。
（2）打电话给（美国英语中用call）：
Please ring me when you get home.
到家后请来个电话。
Did you ring the doctor?
你给医生打电话了吗？
2．repeat¹
（1）vt. 重复：
Will you repeat the last word?
您能重说一下最后一个字吗？
They are repeating⁸ that wonderful play.
他们正在重演那部精彩的戏剧。
（2）vi. 重做，重说：
Please repeat after me.
请跟我重复。
Don't repeat.
不要重复。

　　练习答案 Key to written exercises
1．关键句型练习答案
A 1 are playing…play…is kicking…is running
2‘What are you doing?’my landlady⁹ asked.‘I'm leaving, Mrs. Lynch, I answered.‘Why are you leaving?’she asked…‘…friends never come to visit me…I frequently¹⁰ go to bed…I rarely¹¹ listen…I always feel cold…’
B 1 She rarely answers my letters.
2 We never work after six o'clock.
3 The shops always close on Saturday afternoons.
4 Do you always go to work by car?
5 Our teacher frequently collects our exercise books.
6 We sometimes spend our holidays abroad.
7 I often buy CDs.
8 Do you ever buy CDs?
2．难点练习答案
1 What a wonderful garden(this is) !
2 What a surprise( this is) !
3 What a lot of trouble he is causing!
4 What wonderful actors (they are) !
5 What a hard-working woman (she is) !
6 What a tall building (it is) !
7 What a terrible film (it is) !
8 What a clever boy you are!
9 What a pretty girl (she is) !
10 What a strange guy (he is) !
3．多项选择题答案
1 c  2 d  3 c  4 c  5 a  6 b
7 b  8 a  9 d  10 c  11d  12  b

　　课堂笔记
NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS】
★until　　　　　　prep.直到
直到...才; 直到...为止
后面加(时间状语)从句,前面就是主句
1) His father didn't die until he came back. (肯定)
直到他回来,他爸爸才死。
2) His father was alive until he came back.　(否定)
直到他回来为止,他爸爸都是活着的。
到他回来这一点之前,没死 : not die;　活的 : 不加not.
把until作为时间终止线
从句的时间终点之前,这个动作做了还是没做?
做了——肯定;
没做——否定.
For he ___A(C)___(wait) until it stopped raining.
A.　　waited　　　　　 B.didn't wait
A.leave　　 B.left　　　C.didn't leave
I stay in bed until twelve o'clock.
I didn't get up until 12 o'clock.
★outside　　　　　adv. 外面
作状语
He is waiting for me outside.
It is cold outsid.
★ring(rang.rung)　v.(铃、电话等)响 (刺耳的)
The telephone(door bell) is ringing.
jingle(bell): (铃儿) 响叮当
给某人打电话 : ring sb.
Tomorrow I'll ring you.
打电话(名) : give sb. a ring
remmember to ring me/reember to give me a ring
戒指(名词)
★aunt　　　　　　 n.姑,姨,婶,舅妈
uncle:　叔叔
cousin: 堂兄妹
nephew¹²: 外甥
niece¹³:　外甥女
★repeat　　　　　 v.重复

　　【课文讲解】
On Sundays: 所有的星期天,每逢星期天
never: 从来不 (可以直接用在动词前面)
=not (变成否定句,前面一定要加助动词)
I don't like her.=I never like her.
因为是上个星期,所以时态不是一般现在时。
look out of :朝窗外看
从...里:from,out of
dark: 天很黑
What a day?
What + a + n.——感叹句
It is terrible day.==> What a terrible day!
Ｗhat＋a／an (+a.)＋ｎ．(＋主语＋谓语）
What a terrible day!
what a good girl (she is)!
What a day!
有上下文和一定的语境，才能省略形容词。
just then: 就在那时
如果不知道对方性别，可以用it取代
Who are you?/Who is it ?
just只会出现在＂现在完成时＂
by train
by 直接加交通工具（不能有任何修饰词，复数）
I go out by bus/on two buses.
如果加修饰词，就要换掉by
I'm coming to see you. 我将要来看你。
用 come 的现在进行时态 be coming 表示一般将来
go,come leave,arrive,land,meet,die,start,return,join...
Dear me:天哪
My god¹⁴!
My dear!
Key structures】　关键句型
Now,often and Always 表示现在和经常发生的动作
Now——现在进行时（说话的当时正在发生，现阶段正在发生）
Often ad⁷ Always——一般现在时
"现阶段"
I am working as a teacher.
I do.../he does...
I get up...
一般现在时，是一种习惯，真理，是过去，现在和未来都会发生的事情。
现在还在睡觉
He is still sleeping.
频率副词往往放在句子中间，实义动词前，非实义动词后
非实义动词：1.系动词（be)
2.助动词帮助动词构成时态的(do,does,will,shall,have,had,has)
3.情态动词：（must,can,may)
p4 Exercises
1.are playing; "always" play; is kicking"now"; is running
2.are you doing; am leaving; (用进行时态表达将来时:go,come.leave,arrive
join,return,die,land,meet)
"别人用什么时态，你就用什么时态＂　are you leaving
come
go(I go to bed hungry.形容词做状语）
(rarely 很少）　listen
"doesn't work"
feel
Special Difficulties】 难点
What+a/an+a.+n.+主语+谓语
What 对名词感叹
3.He is causing a lot of trouble
名词:trouble
主语:he
动词:is causing
What (a lot of) trouble( he is causing)!
Multiple choice questions】
5."not early"
late(adj./adv.)　lately¹⁵(adv.)=recently(how are you going lately?)
A
8.A
look(vi.):表示看的动作；后面一定要加介词
see(vt.)　 :　表示看的结果；　后面直接加宾语
watch :　表示观看; 后面直接加宾语，但宾语一定是能够活动的东西
11.D
lunch :中餐
food　:食物
dinner:正餐
meal　:一顿饭
频率副词,放在实义动词前，非实义动词后;
如果即有实义动词又有非实义动词．要放在两个之间
疑问句中副词往往放在主语的后面

 

1 repeat   

n.重复，反复；vt.重复，复述；vi.重复；adj.重复的，反复的

参考例句：

• There will be a repeat of this talk next week.下星期将重播这次讲话。
• History will not repeat itself.历史不会重演。

2 repeated   

adj.反复的，再三的，重复的；累；频仍

参考例句：

• repeated absences from school 一再缺课
• the prisoner's repeated denials of the charges against him 囚犯再三否认对他的指控

3 further   

adv.（在时间或空间上）距离更大地；更远地

参考例句：

• Have you had any further news?你有进一步的消息吗？
• We will help you further.我们会进一步帮助你的。

4 progressive   

adj.先进的；前进的，渐进的；进行式的

参考例句：

• There is often a progressive loss of sight in old age.上了年纪的人视力逐步减退。
• It's a progressive idea.这是一种进步的思想。

5 dressing   

n.(食物)调料；包扎伤口的用品，敷料

参考例句：

• Don't spend such a lot of time in dressing yourself.别花那么多时间来打扮自己。
• The children enjoy dressing up in mother's old clothes.孩子们喜欢穿上妈妈旧时的衣服玩。

6 jack   

n.插座，千斤顶，男人；v.抬起，提醒，扛举；n.（Jake）杰克

参考例句：

• I am looking for the headphone jack.我正在找寻头戴式耳机插孔。
• He lifted the car with a jack to change the flat tyre.他用千斤顶把车顶起来换下瘪轮胎。

7 ad   

abbr.(advertisement的缩写)广告；n.(缩)广告

参考例句：

• That ad really makes me angry.那广告真叫我发火。
• We put an ad in the paper.我们在报纸上刊登了一则广告。

8 repeating   

adj.反复的，重复的v.重做( repeat的现在分词 )；复述；重说；重复发生

参考例句：

• You must keep repeating the lines until they are known by heart. 你必须反复朗读这几行一直到能背诵为止。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Would you mind repeating that? I didn't quite catch on. 请再说一遍好吗？我没听懂。 来自《简明英汉词典》

9 landlady   

n.女房东，女地主

参考例句：

• I heard my landlady creeping stealthily up to my door.我听到我的女房东偷偷地来到我的门前。
• The landlady came over to serve me.女店主过来接待我。

10 frequently   

adv.常常，屡次，经常地，频繁地

参考例句：

• Please write to me frequently.请经常给我来信。
• I like that you should call on me frequently.我喜欢你经常来拜访我。

11 rarely   

adv.很少，难得；非常地，非凡地

参考例句：

• Such fish is rarely met with in the north country.这种鱼在北方难得看到。
• He rarely comes here anymore.现在他难得来这儿了。

12 nephew   

n.侄子，外甥

参考例句：

• Which boy is your nephew?哪个男孩是你侄子？
• My nephew was born in America.我侄子出生在美国。

13 niece   

n.侄女，外甥女

参考例句：

• You're my niece's idol.你是我侄女的偶像。
• Your niece knows we're coming.你侄女知道我们要来。

14 god   

n.上帝，神；被极度崇拜的人或物

参考例句：

• God knows how the cat got up on the roof.只有天知道那只猫是怎样爬上房顶的。
• God wills that man should be happy.上帝愿人类幸福。

15 lately   

adv.最近，不久前

参考例句：

• I don't like reading novels lately.近来我不喜欢读小说。
• She's only lately begun working here.最近她才开始在这儿工作。