美国国家公共电台 NPR Remembering Ruth Gruber, Who Photographed The 20th Century's Darkest Moments

Remembering Ruth Gruber, Who Photographed The 20th Century's Darkest Moments

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Ruth Gruber was a witness to many of the 20th century's worst moments and a few of its best. She was a journalist passionate² about the plight³ of the Jewish people. She died yesterday in New York at age 105. NPR's Rose Friedman has this appreciation⁴.

ROSE FRIEDMAN, BYLINE⁵: As a young woman, Ruth Gruber told her father she wanted to be a writer. In her 90s, she recalled his response.

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

RUTH GRUBER: What kind of career is that for a nice Jewish girl?

(LAUGHTER)

FRIEDMAN: Here's what kind of career that turned out to be. Over and over, Gruber went to where the action was. In a documentary about her life, she recalled being at a Nazi⁶ rally.

(SOUNDBITE OF DOCUMENTARY, "AHEAD OF TIME: THE EXTRAORDINARY JOURNEY OF RUTH GRUBER ")

GRUBER: I pretended I was a German citizen. And I sat the closest to Hitler's party.

(SOUNDBITE OF NAZI RALLY)

ADOLF HITLER: (Speaking German).

GRUBER: It was something I will never ever forget.

FRIEDMAN: In 1935, the New York Herald⁷ Tribune hired her. She was the first Western reporter to visit Stalin's gulags in the Soviet⁸ Arctic. Then during World War II, she worked for the U.S. government. When President Roosevelt decided⁹ to bring a thousand Jewish refugees to the U.S., Gruber was sent to Europe to accompany them. She told NPR in 1999 that meeting those refugees was a shock.

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED BROADCAST)

GRUBER: I had no idea what they had gone through. So I was completely surprised by the stories. And I kept seeing visions of them watching their parents burned in front of them, their children snatched from them.

FRIEDMAN: After the war, Gruber returned to journalism¹⁰. In 1947, she was on assignment in Jerusalem for what would become her most famous story. A ship called Exodus¹¹, carrying more than 4,500 Holocaust¹² survivors¹³, was sailing toward Palestine. The British intercepted¹⁴ it and came aboard forcefully. Three people were killed.

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

GRUBER: I was standing¹⁵ at the dock when they pulled the Exodus in. She had been smashed like a sandwich by British warships¹⁶.

FRIEDMAN: Gruber boarded the ship.

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

GRUBER: People crowded around me and raised a flag. And they had painted the swastika on the Union Jack¹⁷.

FRIEDMAN: She took a photo which became life magazine's picture of the week. The publicity¹⁸ embarrassed the British government and contributed to the establishment of the state of Israel the following year.

That wasn't the end of Gruber's career. It wasn't even the middle. She covered Israeli independence, the airlift of Ethiopian Jews to Israel, even the Vietnam War. For a nice Jewish girl from Brooklyn, Ruth Gruber was fearless. Rose Friedman, NPR News.

(SOUNDBITE OF MUSIC)

1 browser   

n.浏览者

参考例句：

• View edits in a web browser.在浏览器中看编辑的效果。
• I think my browser has a list of shareware links.我想在浏览器中会有一系列的共享软件链接。

2 passionate   

adj.热情的，热烈的，激昂的，易动情的，易怒的，性情暴躁的

参考例句：

• He is said to be the most passionate man.据说他是最有激情的人。
• He is very passionate about the project.他对那个项目非常热心。

3 plight   

n.困境，境况，誓约，艰难；vt.宣誓，保证，约定

参考例句：

• The leader was much concerned over the plight of the refugees.那位领袖对难民的困境很担忧。
• She was in a most helpless plight.她真不知如何是好。

4 appreciation   

n.评价；欣赏；感谢；领会，理解；价格上涨

参考例句：

• I would like to express my appreciation and thanks to you all.我想对你们所有人表达我的感激和谢意。
• I'll be sending them a donation in appreciation of their help.我将送给他们一笔捐款以感谢他们的帮助。

5 byline   

n.署名；v.署名

参考例句：

• His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
• We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。

6 Nazi   

n.纳粹分子，adj.纳粹党的，纳粹的

参考例句：

• They declare the Nazi regime overthrown and sue for peace.他们宣布纳粹政权已被推翻，并出面求和。
• Nazi closes those war criminals inside their concentration camp.纳粹把那些战犯关在他们的集中营里。

7 herald   

vt.预示...的来临，预告，宣布，欢迎

参考例句：

• In England, the cuckoo is the herald of spring.在英国杜鹃鸟是报春的使者。
• Dawn is the herald of day.曙光是白昼的先驱。

8 Soviet   

adj.苏联的，苏维埃的；n.苏维埃

参考例句：

• Zhukov was a marshal of the former Soviet Union.朱可夫是前苏联的一位元帅。
• Germany began to attack the Soviet Union in 1941.德国在1941年开始进攻苏联。

9 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

10 journalism   

n.新闻工作，报业

参考例句：

• He's a teacher but he does some journalism on the side.他是教师，可还兼职做一些新闻工作。
• He had an aptitude for journalism.他有从事新闻工作的才能。

11 exodus   

v.大批离去，成群外出

参考例句：

• The medical system is facing collapse because of an exodus of doctors.由于医生大批离去，医疗系统面临崩溃。
• Man's great challenge at this moment is to prevent his exodus from this planet.人在当前所遇到的最大挑战，就是要防止人从这个星球上消失。

12 holocaust   

n.大破坏；大屠杀

参考例句：

• The Auschwitz concentration camp always remind the world of the holocaust.奥辛威茨集中营总是让世人想起大屠杀。
• Ahmadinejad is denying the holocaust because he's as brutal as Hitler was.内贾德否认大屠杀，因为他像希特勒一样残忍。

13 survivors   

幸存者，残存者，生还者( survivor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The survivors were adrift in a lifeboat for six days. 幸存者在救生艇上漂流了六天。
• survivors clinging to a raft 紧紧抓住救生筏的幸存者

14 intercepted   

拦截( intercept的过去式和过去分词 )； 截住； 截击； 拦阻

参考例句：

• Reporters intercepted him as he tried to leave the hotel. 他正要离开旅馆，记者们把他拦截住了。
• Reporters intercepted him as he tried to leave by the rear entrance. 他想从后门溜走，记者把他截住了。

15 standing   

n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的

参考例句：

• After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
• They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。

16 warships   

军舰，战舰( warship的名词复数 )； 舰只

参考例句：

• The enemy warships were disengaged from the battle after suffering heavy casualties. 在遭受惨重伤亡后，敌舰退出了海战。
• The government fitted out warships and sailors for them. 政府给他们配备了战舰和水手。

17 jack   

n.插座，千斤顶，男人；v.抬起，提醒，扛举；n.（Jake）杰克

参考例句：

• I am looking for the headphone jack.我正在找寻头戴式耳机插孔。
• He lifted the car with a jack to change the flat tyre.他用千斤顶把车顶起来换下瘪轮胎。

18 publicity   

n.众所周知，闻名；宣传，广告

参考例句：

• The singer star's marriage got a lot of publicity.这位歌星的婚事引起了公众的关注。
• He dismissed the event as just a publicity gimmick.他不理会这件事，只当它是一种宣传手法。