美国国家公共电台 NPR 美国起诉六名俄罗斯情报官员 涉嫌策划一系列网络攻击

Six Russian intelligence officers are facing federal charges in connection with a series of high-profile and destructive cyberattacks. The charges detail hacks¹ targeting the 2017 French elections and the 2018 Winter Olympics, among others. NPR justice correspondent Ryan Lucas is here to tell us more.

六名俄罗斯情报官员因一系列引人注目的破坏性网络攻击而面临美国联邦指控。指控详细说明了针对2017年法国大选和2018年冬奥会以及其他活动的黑客攻击。NPR新闻的司法记者瑞安·卢卡斯将带来详细报道。

Hi, Ryan.

你好，瑞安。

RYAN LUCAS, BYLINE³: Hi there.

瑞安·卢卡斯连线：你好。

SHAPIRO: First, what do we know about the defendants⁴ and what they've been charged with?

夏皮罗：首先，我们对被告有何了解，他们遭指控的罪名为何？

LUCAS: The Justice Department says that these six defendants are all current or former officers with Russia's military intelligence agency. That's the GRU. It's the same agency that was behind the hacks in the 2016 U.S. election. Now, there's no allegation in this indictment⁵ of any hacking⁶ tied to the 2020 vote, the one in a couple of weeks. The defendants in this instance face seven counts in all. Those include hacking conspiracy⁷, wire fraud, computer fraud and identity theft. And this is for a really stunning⁸ string of cyberattacks over the past five years. U.S. officials say this is the single-most disruptive and destructive series of cyberattacks that have ever been attributed to just one group.

卢卡斯：美国司法部表示，这六名被告都是俄罗斯军事情报局的现任或前任官员。该情报局是俄军总参谋部情报总局（亦称格勒乌，GRU）。就是黑客攻击2016年美国大选的幕后黑手。起诉书没有指控任何与2020年投票有关的黑客攻击，投票将于几周后展开。本案被告共面临七项罪名。其中包括黑客阴谋、电信诈骗、电脑诈骗和身份盗窃。这涉及过去五年一系列令人震惊的网络攻击。美国官员表示，这是有史以来最具破坏性和毁灭性的一系列网络攻击，而这些攻击都是由一个组织发起的。

SHAPIRO: What were those attacks? Tell us about them.

夏皮罗：那些攻击情况如何？请说明一下。

LUCAS: Well, it's a long list. It includes hacks in 2015 and 2016 that targeted Ukraine's power grid⁹. Those knocked more than 200,000 customers offline at one point. Or as one U.S. official said today, it turned out the lights and turned off the heat in the middle of an Eastern European winter. There's also a devastating¹⁰ attack known as NotPetya that began in Ukraine and spread across the globe that crippled companies and industries and hospitals. It caused billions of dollars in damages, including here in the U.S. There are hacks targeting the investigations¹¹ by British and international authorities into the use of a Russian nerve agent to poison a former Russian spy in the U.K.

卢卡斯：名单很长。其中包括2015年和2016年针对乌克兰电网的黑客攻击。这些攻击一度让20多万名用户掉线。或者如一位美国官员所说，在东欧的冬季关掉灯和取暖器。起诉书还提到了一场毁灭性攻击NotPetya，这起攻击始于乌克兰，随后蔓延到全球各地，导致公司、工业和医院陷入瘫痪。包括美国在内，这起攻击在全球造成了数十亿美元的损失。此外，还有针对英国和国际机构所进行调查的黑客攻击，这些机构在调查一名前俄罗斯间谍在英国遭俄罗斯神经毒剂毒害一事。

SHAPIRO: That was the episode involving the spy Sergei Skripal and a few others, right? Each of these incidents has been widely reported on their own. It's interesting to see all of these people tied together with all of them.

夏皮罗：刚才提到的间谍是谢尔盖·斯克里帕尔和其他几个人，对吧？这些事件都曾被广泛报道。值得注意的是，所有这些人被联系起来。

LUCAS: Exactly right. And there's actually even more in the indictment. There are cyberattacks that targeted the 2018 Winter Olympics in South Korea. And then there's the hack² and leak operation against the 2017 French elections that targeted the political party of France's now-President Emmanuel Macron. So it is really quite a list.

卢卡斯：完全正确。起诉书中还有更多内容。有针对2018年韩国冬奥会的网络攻击。还有针对2017年法国大选的黑客攻击和泄密行动，目标是法国现任总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙所在政党。因此，名单真的相当长。

SHAPIRO: Any insight into why the defendants allegedly chose those targets?

夏皮罗：至于被告为何会选择这些目标，我们了解到了哪些信息？

LUCAS: The Justice Department says that all of these hacks furthered Russia's interest, furthered Russia's geopolitical aims. You look at Ukraine — Russia has been in a grinding war with the government there in the east. In the 2018 Olympics, Russian athletes couldn't compete under the country's flag because of a massive doping scandal. In the case of the nerve agent poisoning, British and international authorities had pinned the blame for that attack on the Kremlin. And in the case of France's elections, the operation there fits into Russia's geopolitical goals. Now, the head of the Justice Department's national security division, John Demers, said today that Russia stands alone in the sort of destructive cyberattacks that its agents conduct. Here's a bit of what he said.

卢卡斯：美国司法部表示，所有黑客攻击都有利于俄罗斯的利益，并推进了俄罗斯的地缘政治目标。俄罗斯一直在乌克兰东部与乌克兰政府鏖战。在2018年奥运会上，俄罗斯运动员因为大规模的兴奋剂丑闻而无法在俄罗斯国旗下参赛。在神经毒剂中毒事件中，英国和国际机构将这一袭击归咎于克里姆林宫。就法国的选举而言，相关行动符合俄罗斯的地缘政治目标。美国司法部国家安全部门负责人约翰·德默斯今天表示，俄罗斯在其特工进行的破坏性网络攻击中独树一帜。以下是他所说。

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

（录音档案）

JOHN DEMERS: No country has weaponized its cyber capabilities¹² as maliciously¹³ and irresponsibly as Russia, wantonly causing unprecedented¹⁴ collateral¹⁵ damage to pursue small, tactical advantages and fits of spite.

约翰·德默斯：没有哪个国家像俄罗斯那样恶意和不负责任地将其网络能力武器化，肆意造成前所未有的附带损害，以追求小的、战术上的优势和一时的刁难。

SHAPIRO: So, Ryan, these defendants are presumably still in Russia and not in U.S. custody¹⁶. What does that mean about next steps for this case?

夏皮罗：瑞安，这些被告现在可能还在俄罗斯，并没有被美国羁押。这对本案的下一步行动意味着什么？

LUCAS: Well, none of these men are in U.S. custody. You're right with that. And it is unlikely that any of them will ever face trial here in the United States. One of them actually is already facing charges in the U.S. He was charged by special counsel Robert Mueller in connection with Russia's hacking in the 2016 election. So there is a big question of just how effective bringing charges like these are. But Justice Department officials say it's important to put the weight of the U.S. government behind these sorts of allegations. It helps expose what hackers¹⁷ are up to and the methods that they use. It also makes clear to the international community what Russia is doing. And while it may not be as satisfying as seeing the defendants in court, U.S. officials say it is still a valuable thing to do.

卢卡斯：这些人都没有被美国拘留。你说得没错。他们中的任何人都不太可能在美国接受审判。其中一人实际上已经在美国面临指控。他被特别检察官罗伯特·穆勒指控与俄罗斯黑客攻击2016年美国大选有关。因此，重要的问题是，提起这种指控到底有多有效。但司法部官员表示，重要的是要让美国政府支持这些指控。这有助于揭露黑客的计划以及他们所用的方法。同时向国际社会表明俄罗斯在做什么。虽然这可能不如让被告接受审判那样令人满意，但美国官员说，这仍然是一件有价值的事情。

SHAPIRO: NPR's Ryan Lucas, thank you.

夏皮罗：以上是NPR新闻的瑞安·卢卡斯带来的报道，谢谢你。

LUCAS: Thank you.

卢卡斯：谢谢你。

1 hacks   

黑客

参考例句：

• But there are hacks who take advantage of people like Teddy. 但有些无赖会占类似泰迪的人的便宜。 来自电影对白
• I want those two hacks back here, right now. 我要那两个雇工回到这儿，现在就回。 来自互联网

2 hack   

n.劈，砍，出租马车；v.劈，砍，干咳

参考例句：

• He made a hack at the log.他朝圆木上砍了一下。
• Early settlers had to hack out a clearing in the forest where they could grow crops.早期移民不得不在森林里劈出空地种庄稼。

3 byline   

n.署名；v.署名

参考例句：

• His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
• We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。

4 defendants   

被告( defendant的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The courts heard that the six defendants had been coerced into making a confession. 法官审判时发现6位被告人曾被迫承认罪行。
• As in courts, the defendants are represented by legal counsel. 与法院相同，被告有辩护律师作为代表。 来自英汉非文学 - 政府文件

5 indictment   

n.起诉；诉状

参考例句：

• He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。
• They issued an indictment against them.他们起诉了他们。

6 hacking   

n.非法访问计算机系统和数据库的活动

参考例句：

• The patient with emphysema is hacking all day. 这个肺气肿病人整天不断地干咳。
• We undertook the task of hacking our way through the jungle. 我们负责在丛林中开路。

7 conspiracy   

n.阴谋，密谋，共谋

参考例句：

• The men were found guilty of conspiracy to murder.这些人被裁决犯有阴谋杀人罪。
• He claimed that it was all a conspiracy against him.他声称这一切都是一场针对他的阴谋。

8 stunning   

adj.极好的；使人晕倒的

参考例句：

• His plays are distinguished only by their stunning mediocrity.他的戏剧与众不同之处就是平凡得出奇。
• The finished effect was absolutely stunning.完工后的效果非常美。

9 grid   

n.高压输电线路网；地图坐标方格；格栅

参考例句：

• In this application,the carrier is used to encapsulate the grid.在这种情况下，要用载体把格栅密封起来。
• Modern gauges consist of metal foil in the form of a grid.现代应变仪则由网格形式的金属片组成。

10 devastating   

adj.毁灭性的，令人震惊的，强有力的

参考例句：

• It is the most devastating storm in 20 years.这是20年来破坏性最大的风暴。
• Affairs do have a devastating effect on marriages.婚外情确实会对婚姻造成毁灭性的影响。

11 investigations   

（正式的）调查( investigation的名词复数 )； 侦查； 科学研究； 学术研究

参考例句：

• His investigations were intensive and thorough but revealed nothing. 他进行了深入彻底的调查，但没有发现什么。
• He often sent them out to make investigations. 他常常派他们出去作调查。

12 capabilities   

n.能力( capability的名词复数 )；可能；容量；[复数]潜在能力

参考例句：

• He was somewhat pompous and had a high opinion of his own capabilities. 他有点自大，自视甚高。 来自辞典例句
• Some programmers use tabs to break complex product capabilities into smaller chunks. 一些程序员认为，标签可以将复杂的功能分为每个窗格一组简单的功能。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓

13 maliciously   

adv.有敌意地

参考例句：

• He was charged with maliciously inflicting grievous bodily harm. 他被控蓄意严重伤害他人身体。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• His enemies maliciously conspired to ruin him. 他的敌人恶毒地密谋搞垮他。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

14 unprecedented   

adj.无前例的，新奇的

参考例句：

• The air crash caused an unprecedented number of deaths.这次空难的死亡人数是空前的。
• A flood of this sort is really unprecedented.这样大的洪水真是十年九不遇。

15 collateral   

adj.平行的；旁系的；n.担保品

参考例句：

• Many people use personal assets as collateral for small business loans.很多人把个人财产用作小额商业贷款的抵押品。
• Most people here cannot borrow from banks because they lack collateral.由于拿不出东西作为抵押，这里大部分人无法从银行贷款。

16 custody   

n.监护，照看，羁押，拘留

参考例句：

• He spent a week in custody on remand awaiting sentence.等候判决期间他被还押候审一个星期。
• He was taken into custody immediately after the robbery.抢劫案发生后，他立即被押了起来。

17 hackers   

n.计算机迷( hacker的名词复数 )；私自存取或篡改电脑资料者，电脑“黑客”

参考例句：

• They think of viruses that infect an organization from the outside.They envision hackers breaking into their information vaults. 他们考虑来自外部的感染公司的病毒，他们设想黑客侵入到信息宝库中。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Arranging a meeting with the hackers took weeks againoff-again email exchanges. 通过几星期电子邮件往来安排见面，他们最终同意了。 来自互联网