美国国家公共电台 NPR 塔利班宣布恢复军事行动 美塔和平协议遭受考验

And over the weekend, the U.S. and the Taliban signed a deal that calls for peace talks to begin March 10. It also calls for a prisoner swap¹, but that part's already in doubt, as NPR's Michele Kelemen reports.

MICHELE KELEMEN, BYLINE²: Taliban officials say they will resume military operations against the Afghan government and won't take part in the peace talks until their prisoners are released. Afghanistan's ambassador to Washington, Roya Rahmani, says her government didn't sign up for that.

ROYA RAHMANI: This is one of the issues that we will be discussing during the negotiations³.

KELEMEN: Here's the problem. In Doha, the U.S. signed a deal that says the Afghan government would release up to 5,000 Taliban prisoners by March 10, when negotiations are due to begin. Defense⁴ Secretary Mark Esper signed a separate joint⁵ declaration with Afghanistan's government that was less specific. Here's how he described it today.

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

MARK ESPER: Our commitment under the agreement was to enable, to facilitate that exchange of persons between the Taliban and the government of Afghanistan. And as I've said over and over, it's all conditions-based.

KELEMEN: He says the U.S. will keep its end of the bargain, bringing troop levels down to 8,600. The plan calls for a full withdrawal⁶ over 14 months if Taliban militants⁷ keep their counterterrorism commitments. What's less clear is what happens if attacks resume on Afghan government forces. Ambassador Rahmani is clearly worried about that.

RAHMANI: How are we hoping to have peace in the country if their only leverage⁸ is killing⁹ the people that they want to live with together and reconcile with?

KELEMEN: Rahmani says the government is ready for peace talks if they happen, and she says the negotiating team will include women.

RAHMANI: Women will be certainly there. We will want to make sure that the outcome of the discussion would also ensure that there is no compromise on the women's rights.

KELEMEN: The Trump¹⁰ administration says its priority is to make sure Afghanistan never becomes a safe haven¹¹ for terrorists. Defense Secretary Esper says he's focused on that mission.

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

ESPER: This is going to be a long, windy, bumpy¹² road. There will be ups and downs, and we'll stop and start. That's going to be the nature of this over the next days, weeks and months.

KELEMEN: Esper says he's not going to, quote, "get too excited about what happens at the moment." He says the U.S. is taking this day by day.

Michele Kelemen, NPR News, Washington.

上周末，美国与塔利班签署了一项协议，要求在3月10日开始和谈。协议还要求交换囚犯，但据NPR新闻的米歇尔·克莱门报道，这一部分已经出现问题。

米歇尔·克莱门连线：塔利班官员表示，在塔利班囚犯获释之前，他们将重启针对阿富汗政府的军事行动，而且不会参加和谈。阿富汗驻华盛顿大使罗亚·拉赫马尼表示，阿富汗政府并未签署这一协议。

罗亚·拉赫马尼：这是我们将在谈判期间讨论的其中一个问题。

克莱门：这就是问题所在。依据美国在多哈签署的协议，阿富汗政府要在3月10日谈判开始前释放5000名塔利班囚犯。美国国防部长马克·埃斯珀与阿富汗政府单独签署了一项不太具体的联合声明。下面是他今天对这项声明的描述。

（录音档案）

马克·埃斯珀：依据协议，我们的承诺是促使塔利班和阿富汗政府能进行人员交换。如我多次重申的那样，这都是有条件的。

克莱门：他表示，美国将履行协议，将驻阿美军人数减少至8600人。如果塔利班武装分子履行反恐承诺，美国将在14个月内全面撤军。至于针对阿富汗政府军的袭击是否会重启，目前尚不清楚。拉赫马尼大使显然对此感到担忧。

拉赫马尼：如果他们唯一的筹码是杀害他们想一起生活以及和解的人，那我们还怎么希望这个国家能享有和平？

克莱门：拉赫马尼表示，阿富汗政府已为可能举行的和谈做好准备，谈判团队中将包括女性成员。

拉赫马尼：女性肯定会参加和谈。我们希望确保的是，谈判结果也能保证女性权利方面没有任何妥协。

克莱门：特朗普政府表示，其首要任务是确保阿富汗永远不会成为恐怖分子的避难所。国防部长埃斯珀表示，他专注于这项任务。

（录音档案）

埃斯珀：这将是一段漫长、艰辛且崎岖的路程。期间会有起伏，我们会停下再重新上路。这将是未来几天、几周甚至是几个月的常态。

克莱门：埃斯珀表示，他不会“对目前的情况太过兴奋”。他说美国将逐步实现目标。

NPR新闻，米歇尔·克莱门华盛顿报道。

1 swap   

n.交换；vt.交换，用...作交易

参考例句：

• I will swap you my bicycle for your radio.我想拿我的自行车换你的收音机。
• This comic was a swap that I got from Nick.这本漫画书是我从尼克那里换来的。

2 byline   

n.署名；v.署名

参考例句：

• His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
• We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。

3 negotiations   

协商( negotiation的名词复数 )； 谈判； 完成（难事）； 通过

参考例句：

• negotiations for a durable peace 为持久和平而进行的谈判
• Negotiations have failed to establish any middle ground. 谈判未能达成任何妥协。

4 defense   

n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩

参考例句：

• The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
• The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。

5 joint   

adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合

参考例句：

• I had a bad fall,which put my shoulder out of joint.我重重地摔了一跤，肩膀脫臼了。
• We wrote a letter in joint names.我们联名写了封信。

6 withdrawal   

n.取回，提款；撤退，撤军；收回，撤销

参考例句：

• The police were forced to make a tactical withdrawal.警方被迫进行战术撤退。
• They insisted upon a withdrawal of the statement and a public apology.他们坚持要收回那些话并公开道歉。

7 militants   

激进分子，好斗分子( militant的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The militants have been sporadically fighting the government for years. 几年来，反叛分子一直对政府实施零星的战斗。
• Despite the onslaught, Palestinian militants managed to fire off rockets. 尽管如此，巴勒斯坦的激进分子仍然发射导弹。

8 leverage   

n.力量，影响；杠杆作用，杠杆的力量

参考例句：

• We'll have to use leverage to move this huge rock.我们不得不借助杠杆之力来移动这块巨石。
• He failed in the project because he could gain no leverage. 因为他没有影响力，他的计划失败了。

9 killing   

n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财

参考例句：

• Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
• Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。

10 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

11 haven   

n.安全的地方，避难所，庇护所

参考例句：

• It's a real haven at the end of a busy working day.忙碌了一整天后，这真是一个安乐窝。
• The school library is a little haven of peace and quiet.学校的图书馆是一个和平且安静的小避风港。

12 bumpy   

adj.颠簸不平的，崎岖的

参考例句：

• I think we've a bumpy road ahead of us.我觉得我们将要面临一段困难时期。
• The wide paved road degenerated into a narrow bumpy track.铺好的宽阔道路渐渐变窄，成了一条崎岖不平的小径。