美国国家公共电台 NPR 巴西成全球第二多确诊国家 美国对其发布旅行禁令

The U.S. is the undisputed leader in a contest no one wants to win. This country has by far more reported cases of the coronavirus than any other nation in the world. The number now tops 1.6 million people. Second on the list, not a country in Asia where the virus first appeared or in Europe where hot spots erupted in March and April, Brazil now holds the world's No. 2 tally¹ of cases. And the U.S. just banned nearly all travel from Brazil. NPR's Philip Reeves is in Rio de Janeiro and joins us now.

在一场无人想赢的竞赛中，美国是当仁不让的领导者。美国报告的冠状病毒病例比世界上任何其他国家都要多得多。现在美国的冠状病毒累计病例已超过160万例。排在第二位的国家既不是最先出现疫情的亚洲，也不是三3月和4月成为疫情热点地区的欧洲，而是巴西，该国目前的病例总数位居全球第二。美国刚刚禁止了几乎所有来自巴西的旅行。NPR新闻的菲利普·里弗斯将从里约热内卢和我们连线。

Hey, Phil.

你好，菲尔。

PHILIP REEVES, BYLINE²: Hi.

菲利普·里弗斯连线：你好。

CHANG: So give us an idea of how things are in Brazil right now.

张：请介绍一下巴西现在的情况。

REEVES: Well, things are bleak³, and they're getting bleaker⁴. The authorities are having a real struggle to get people to stay off the streets, to stay home and to wear masks. We've been seeing social isolation⁵ generally weaken even as infections and deaths are soaring. And it's no longer about cities and towns here anymore. COVID-19 is also spreading into Brazil's interior, including deep into the Amazon rainforest. Indigenous⁶ people there are dying in alarming numbers. For a lot of them, the nearest hospital capable of handling a serious case of COVID-19 is often hundreds of miles away.

里弗斯：情况非常不乐观，而且日趋恶化。有关部门难以让民众远离街道、待在家中、佩戴口罩。我们看到的普遍情况是，即使感染人数和死亡人数不断飙升，但社交隔离措施却遭到削弱。在巴西，这已经不仅是城市和城镇的问题。新冠肺炎还在向巴西内陆地区扩散，包括亚马逊雨林深处。该地区土著人的死亡数量相当惊人。对他们中的大多数人来说，最近一家能处理新冠肺炎严重病例的医院往往在数百英里之外。

CHANG: Right.

张：好。

REEVES: And, you know, and in large parts of the country, health systems are hanging by a thread. I mean, in this city Rio where I am right now, there's an alarming shortage of intensive care beds. In the public health system, reportedly, there isn't one vacant bed. The authorities here are supposed to have erected⁷ some field hospitals and have them up and running by now. But almost all of these have been delayed. So the situation is really worrying. And it's really worrying particularly for the most vulnerable members of the population, people who live in favelas, the heavily crowded low-income neighborhoods where community officials are reporting several hundred deaths.

而且，巴西大部分地区的卫生系统岌岌可危。在我目前所在的里约热内卢，重病监护床位的短缺情况令人震惊。据报道，公共卫生系统中已经没有一张空床。这里的有关部门本应建立一些野战医院，并在现在投入运营。但几乎所有计划都被推迟。因此，这里的情况令人相当担忧。而生活在贫民区和严重拥挤的低收入社区的最脆弱人群则尤为令人担心，社区官员报告称，这些地区已有数百人死亡。

CHANG: Well, Brazil's president, Jair Bolsonaro, has long derided⁹ the coronavirus. He's called it the little flu. Does it seem like he's changed his tune¹⁰ as the cases keep mounting there?

张：巴西总统雅伊尔·博索纳罗一直在嘲笑冠状病毒。他称这是小流感。在病例持续增加的情况下，他是否改变了态度？

REEVES: No, he hasn't changed his tune. He's against broad isolation because the economy's crashing, and he wants people to get back to work. That's one thing. But Bolsonaro is also systematically¹¹ subverting¹² social distancing. On Saturday, he left the presidential palace in the capital, Brasilia, to stop at a hot dog stall where people, of course, began to gather around him, as he knew they would. Yesterday, he came out again to greet a crowd of supporters and dived in without a mask. He seems to relish¹³ attracting headlines with this sort of swaggering behavior. He's shown very little sympathy for victims. The other day he remarked that more Brazilians are dying of fear than from the virus. And now, you know, to handle a national emergency of these unprecedented¹⁴ dimensions, you need consensus¹⁵, you need leadership, you need unity⁸. Bolsonaro seems to be contriving¹⁶ to achieve the exact opposite. And, remember, he's lost two health ministers in a month. The job is now being done by stand-in, a general from the army.

里弗斯：没有，他的态度并未改变。因为巴西的经济正在崩盘，他反对大范围隔离，希望民众重返工作岗位。这是其一。另外，博索纳罗还在系统地颠覆社交距离。周六，他离开位于首都巴西利亚的总统府，停在一个热狗摊前，当然，人们开始聚集在他周围，他知道他们会这样做。昨天，他再次走出总统府，和一群支持者打招呼，并在未戴口罩的情况下进入人群之中。他似乎很享受用这种行为来吸引新闻头条。他很少同情遇难者。前几天，他曾说死于恐惧的巴西人比死于冠状病毒的巴西人要多。现在，要处理这些规模空前的国家紧急状态，需要共识、领导力和团结。博索纳罗似乎在设法实现完全相反的情况。记住，他在一个月内更换了两名卫生部长。现在这个职位由一名陆军将军代职。

CHANG: Wow. Well, this travel ban from the U.S., I mean, how big of a blow is that to Bolsonaro? Because he has long boasted his — you know, he has close ties to the Trump¹⁷ administration. So how has he interpreted this latest move?

张：哇哦。美国颁布旅行禁令对博索纳罗的打击有多大？因为他一直吹嘘他与特朗普政府的密切关系。他如何解读这一最新举措？

REEVES: Well, officials from the Bolsonaro government are shrugging it off. They point out that President Trump's barred entry to other countries that are allies, including the British, European nations and so on, and that this is not about bilateral¹⁸ relations or diplomacy¹⁹. You know, it's about trying to contain a global pandemic. And lots of countries in this region have shut their borders. Some of Bolsonaro's opponents, however, particularly on the left, are honing in on this. They're portraying²⁰ it as a humiliating snub. They've long been critical of Bolsonaro's deep admiration²¹ for President Trump and his decision to realign Brazil's foreign policy by tilting²² it strongly in Washington's direction. They don't believe Brazil's benefiting sufficiently²³ from that. And they cite this as another example.

里弗斯：博索纳罗政府的官员对此不屑一顾。他们指出，特朗普总统还禁止了其他盟友国家入境，这包括英国、欧盟等等，这与双边关系或外交无关。而是美国在试图控制全球流行病。这一地区的许多国家都关闭了边境。然而，博索纳罗的一些反对者，尤其是左翼，正在聚焦这一问题。他们将其描绘成耻辱性的怠慢。长期以来，他们一直批评博索纳罗对特朗普总统的深深景仰，以及他调整巴西外交政策使其向华盛顿的方向大力倾斜的决定。他们不相信巴西能从中得到足够的好处。他们将这作为另一个例证。

CHANG: Well, that is NPR's Philip Reeves in Rio.

张：好，以上是NPR新闻的菲利普·里弗斯从里约热内卢带来的报道。

Thank you so much, Phil.

非常谢谢你，菲尔。

REEVES: You're welcome.

里弗斯：不客气。

1 tally   

n.计数器，记分，一致，测量；vt.计算，记录，使一致；vi.计算，记分，一致

参考例句：

• Don't forget to keep a careful tally of what you spend.别忘了仔细记下你的开支账目。
• The facts mentioned in the report tally to every detail.报告中所提到的事实都丝毫不差。

2 byline   

n.署名；v.署名

参考例句：

• His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
• We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。

3 bleak   

adj.(天气)阴冷的；凄凉的；暗淡的

参考例句：

• They showed me into a bleak waiting room.他们引我来到一间阴冷的会客室。
• The company's prospects look pretty bleak.这家公司的前景异常暗淡。

4 bleaker   

阴冷的( bleak的比较级 )； （状况）无望的； 没有希望的； 光秃的

参考例句：

• Horoscopes are merely harmless escapism from an ever-bleaker world. 占星术只不过是让人逃避越发令人沮丧的世界的无害消遣罢了。
• On the ground the mood is bleaker. 具体形势更加严峻。

5 isolation   

n.隔离，孤立，分解，分离

参考例句：

• The millionaire lived in complete isolation from the outside world.这位富翁过着与世隔绝的生活。
• He retired and lived in relative isolation.他退休后，生活比较孤寂。

6 indigenous   

adj.土产的，土生土长的，本地的

参考例句：

• Each country has its own indigenous cultural tradition.每个国家都有自己本土的文化传统。
• Indians were the indigenous inhabitants of America.印第安人是美洲的土著居民。

7 ERECTED   

adj. 直立的，竖立的，笔直的 vt. 使 ... 直立，建立

参考例句：

• A monument to him was erected in St Paul's Cathedral. 在圣保罗大教堂为他修了一座纪念碑。
• A monument was erected to the memory of that great scientist. 树立了一块纪念碑纪念那位伟大的科学家。

8 unity   

n.团结，联合，统一；和睦，协调

参考例句：

• When we speak of unity,we do not mean unprincipled peace.所谓团结，并非一团和气。
• We must strengthen our unity in the face of powerful enemies.大敌当前，我们必须加强团结。

9 derided   

v.取笑，嘲笑( deride的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• His views were derided as old-fashioned. 他的观点被当作旧思想受到嘲弄。
• Gazing up to the darkness I saw myself as a creature driven and derided by vanity. 我抬头疑视着黑暗，感到自己是一个被虚荣心驱使和拨弄的可怜虫。 来自辞典例句

10 tune   

n.调子；和谐，协调；v.调音，调节，调整

参考例句：

• He'd written a tune,and played it to us on the piano.他写了一段曲子，并在钢琴上弹给我们听。
• The boy beat out a tune on a tin can.那男孩在易拉罐上敲出一首曲子。

11 systematically   

adv.有系统地

参考例句：

• This government has systematically run down public services since it took office.这一屆政府自上台以来系统地削减了公共服务。
• The rainforest is being systematically destroyed.雨林正被系统地毀灭。

12 subverting   

v.颠覆，破坏（政治制度、宗教信仰等）( subvert的现在分词 )；使（某人）道德败坏或不忠

参考例句：

• This viewpoint sees the Multinational Corporation as capable of circumventing or subverting national objectives and policies. 这种观点认为，跨国公司能够遏制和破坏国家的目标和政策。 来自辞典例句
• By simply subverting an expectation, a novelist can undermine a prejudice. 藉由完全推翻期待，一个小说家可以逐渐破坏一种歧视。 来自互联网

13 relish   

n.滋味，享受，爱好，调味品；vt.加调味料，享受，品味；vi.有滋味

参考例句：

• I have no relish for pop music.我对流行音乐不感兴趣。
• I relish the challenge of doing jobs that others turn down.我喜欢挑战别人拒绝做的工作。

14 unprecedented   

adj.无前例的，新奇的

参考例句：

• The air crash caused an unprecedented number of deaths.这次空难的死亡人数是空前的。
• A flood of this sort is really unprecedented.这样大的洪水真是十年九不遇。

15 consensus   

n.(意见等的)一致，一致同意，共识

参考例句：

• Can we reach a consensus on this issue?我们能在这个问题上取得一致意见吗？
• What is the consensus of opinion at the afternoon meeting?下午会议上一致的意见是什么？

16 contriving   

（不顾困难地）促成某事( contrive的现在分词 )； 巧妙地策划，精巧地制造（如机器）； 设法做到

参考例句：

• Why may not several Deities combine in contriving and framing a world? 为什么不可能是数个神联合起来，设计和构造世界呢？ 来自哲学部分
• The notorious drug-pusher has been contriving an escape from the prison. 臭名昭著的大毒枭一直都在图谋越狱。

17 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

18 bilateral   

adj.双方的，两边的，两侧的

参考例句：

• They have been negotiating a bilateral trade deal.他们一直在商谈一项双边贸易协定。
• There was a wide gap between the views of the two statesmen on the bilateral cooperation.对双方合作的问题，两位政治家各自所持的看法差距甚大。

19 diplomacy   

n.外交；外交手腕，交际手腕

参考例句：

• The talks have now gone into a stage of quiet diplomacy.会谈现在已经进入了“温和外交”阶段。
• This was done through the skill in diplomacy. 这是通过外交手腕才做到的。

20 portraying   

v.画像( portray的现在分词 )；描述；描绘；描画

参考例句：

• The artist has succeeded in portraying my father to the life. 那位画家把我的父亲画得惟妙惟肖。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Ding Ling was good at portraying figures through careful and refined description of human psychology. 《莎菲女士的日记》是丁玲的成名作，曾引起强烈的社会反响。 来自汉英文学 - 中国现代小说

21 admiration   

n.钦佩，赞美，羡慕

参考例句：

• He was lost in admiration of the beauty of the scene.他对风景之美赞不绝口。
• We have a great admiration for the gold medalists.我们对金牌获得者极为敬佩。

22 tilting   

倾斜，倾卸

参考例句：

• For some reason he thinks everyone is out to get him, but he's really just tilting at windmills. 不知为什么他觉得每个人都想害他，但其实他不过是在庸人自扰。
• So let us stop bickering within our ranks.Stop tilting at windmills. 所以，让我们结束内部间的争吵吧！再也不要去做同风车作战的蠢事了。

23 sufficiently   

adv.足够地，充分地

参考例句：

• It turned out he had not insured the house sufficiently.原来他没有给房屋投足保险。
• The new policy was sufficiently elastic to accommodate both views.新政策充分灵活地适用两种观点。