美国国家公共电台 NPR 波音737MAX空难调查报告发布

A sweeping¹ congressional inquiry² has found damning evidence of failures at both Boeing and at the Federal Aviation Administration in the development and certification of the 737 Max. The report says these failures contributed to two Max plane crashes killing³ 346 people. Here's NPR's David Schaper.

一项全面的国会调查发现了确凿证据，证明波音和美国联邦航空局（简称FAA）在737 Max机型的研制和认证过程中存在缺陷。报告显示，这些缺陷导致两架Max飞机坠毁，致346人死亡。NPR新闻的大卫·沙佩尔将带来详细报道。

DAVID SCHAPER, BYLINE⁴: The House Transportation Committee investigation⁵ finds that there was no singular technical flaw or pilot failure that led to the deadly 737 Max plane crashes in Indonesia in October of 2018 and Ethiopia the following March. Instead, it describes the circumstances that led up to them almost like a perfect storm, calling it the horrific culmination⁶ of a series of faulty technical assumptions by Boeing's engineers, a lack of transparency on the part of Boeing's management and grossly insufficient⁷ oversight⁸ by the FAA.

大卫·沙佩尔连线：美国众议院运输委员会的调查发现，2018年10月的印尼坠机事故和2019年3月的埃塞俄比亚坠机事故，并不是由单一机械故障或飞行员失误所引起。相反，报告称引发事故的情况就像一场完美风暴，是波音公司工程师错误的技术假设、波音公司管理缺乏透明度以及美国联邦航空局监管严重不足导致的可怕结果。

The report details Boeing's flawed design of a new automated⁹ flight control system on the plane and mistakes in using outdated¹⁰ and faulty assumptions of pilot response as well as a culture of concealment¹¹, keeping information from the FAA, its customers and the pilots who would fly the plane.

报告详细说明了波音737 Max客机新型自动飞行控制系统存在的设计缺陷以及波音在使用过时且错误的飞行员反应假设以及隐瞒文化方面的错误，该公司向联邦航空局、客户和737 Max飞行员隐瞒了相关信息。

PETER DEFAZIO: There's something that came out of this that's just — it's mind-boggling.

彼得·德法齐奥：调查结果令人难以置信。

SCHAPER: House Transportation Committee Chairman Peter DeFazio oversaw¹² the inquiry and says what's mind-boggling is that both Boeing and the FAA contend they followed proper procedures. It found the 737 Max to be compliant¹³.

沙佩尔：众议院运输委员会主席彼得·德法齐奥监督了这项调查，他说令人难以置信的是，波音和联邦航空局都声称自已遵循了正确的程序。结论是737 Max客机符合规定。

DEFAZIO: That's the bureaucratic¹⁴ word — it was compliant. But the problem is it was compliant and not safe, and people died.

德法齐奥：这是官僚主义词汇——符合规定。问题是，该机型符合规定，但并不安全，而且导致了死亡事故。

SCHAPER: The report also details how Boeing employees were under enormous pressure to keep costs down and the plane on schedule. Aviation Subcommittee Chairman Rick Larsen says misguided priorities of senior management drove a number of troubling decisions.

沙佩尔：报告还详细说明了波音公司员工如何承受巨大压力，以降低成本并让飞机按计划交付。航空小组委员会主席里克·拉森表示，高层管理人员在优先事项上的错误判断导致了多个令人不安的决定。

RICK LARSEN: In one case, senior management went as far as installing countdown clocks in conference rooms, making clear to Max employees that meeting production timelines rather than safety was a top priority.

里克·拉森：有一次，高层管理人员甚至在会议室里安装倒计时钟，明确向Max机型员工表明，当务之急是满足生产时间表而不是安全性。

SCHAPER: The congressional investigation is one of many into what caused the Lion Air and Ethiopian Airlines 737 Max plane crashes. Christine Negroni is an aviation journalist and author of the book "The Crash Detectives." And she says while much of this information isn't new...

沙佩尔：国会调查是对狮航和埃航737 Max空难事故原因进行的众多调查之一。克里斯汀·内格罗尼是航空记者，也是《坠机侦探》一书的作者。她表示，虽然调查披露的大多都不是新信息……

CHRISTINE NEGRONI: In the whole, what is, to me, astonishing about the report is the depth, the thickness and the deep history of both FAA and Boeing knowing that there were problems with the redesign of this airliner¹⁵ and the obliviousness¹⁶ of both parties in recognizing that this was a problem that needed to be addressed.

克里斯汀·内格罗尼：总的来说，令我吃惊的是这份报告的深度、厚度以及深远历史，联邦航空局和波音都知道这一客机的重新设计存在问题，而且双方都没有意识到这是需要解决的问题。

SCHAPER: Another thing Negroni finds remarkable¹⁷ is that a number of people did raise safety concerns about the 737 Max. But those were either inadequately¹⁸ addressed or just dismissed by Boeing, many of them never seeing the light of day at the FAA. And that's an especially painful realization¹⁹ for the families of those who died in the Max crashes.

沙佩尔：内格罗尼发现的另一件值得注意的事情是，很多人确实对737 Max客机的安全性提出了担心。但这些问题要么没有得到妥善解决，要么被波音公司草草了结，许多问题甚至从未被提交给联邦航空局。对Max客机坠毁事故遇难者的家人来说，这是特别痛苦的认识。

MICHAEL STUMO: It angers us to see how much Boeing did to cover this up and how much FAA has done to help them cover it up.

迈克尔·斯图莫：令我们愤怒的是，波音公司做了多少事来隐瞒这些信息，而联邦航空局又做了多少来帮助他们掩盖这件事。

SCHAPER: Michael Stumo's daughter, 24-year-old Samya Rose Stumo, was on the plane that crash last year in Ethiopia. He believes evidence in this report now shows that the first plane crash in Indonesia was preventable.

沙佩尔：迈克尔·斯图莫的女儿，24岁的萨米娅·罗斯·斯图莫在去年的埃航坠机事故中遇难。他认为这份报告中的证据表明，印尼发生的第一起飞机失事事故是可以避免的。

STUMO: But then the covering up to keep the Max in the air after the Lion Air crash so that it crashed again in Ethiopia and killed my daughter was unforgivable.

斯图莫：但狮航坠机事故发生后，他们隐瞒了信息，让Max客机继续执飞，这导致又一架客机在埃塞俄比亚坠毁，这起事故致我女儿死亡，这种隐瞒行为是不可原谅的。

SCHAPER: In a statement, a Boeing spokesman says the company has learned many hard lessons from the plane crashes and its mistakes and has made fundamental changes to the company's safety culture and protocols²⁰ as a result. The House Transportation Committee is now drafting legislation to improve FAA oversight in certifying²¹ planes. A Senate committee is expected to take up its own FAA reform bill later today.

沙佩尔：波音发言人在声明中表示，公司从坠机事故和错误中吸取了许多惨痛教训，并因此对公司的安全文化和协议进行了根本变革。众议院运输委员会正在起草立法，以改进联邦航空局对飞机认证的监督。一个参议院委员会将在今天晚些时候审议参议院提出的联邦航空局改革法案。

David Schaper, NPR News.

NPR新闻，大卫·沙佩尔报道。

1 sweeping   

adj.范围广大的，一扫无遗的

参考例句：

• The citizens voted for sweeping reforms.公民投票支持全面的改革。
• Can you hear the wind sweeping through the branches?你能听到风掠过树枝的声音吗？

2 inquiry   

n.打听，询问，调查，查问

参考例句：

• Many parents have been pressing for an inquiry into the problem.许多家长迫切要求调查这个问题。
• The field of inquiry has narrowed down to five persons.调查的范围已经缩小到只剩5个人了。

3 killing   

n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财

参考例句：

• Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
• Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。

4 byline   

n.署名；v.署名

参考例句：

• His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
• We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。

5 investigation   

n.调查，调查研究

参考例句：

• In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
• He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。

6 culmination   

n.顶点；最高潮

参考例句：

• The space race reached its culmination in the first moon walk.太空竞争以第一次在月球行走而达到顶峰。
• It may truly be regarded as the culmination of classical Greek geometry.这确实可以看成是古典希腊几何的登峰造级之作。

7 insufficient   

adj.(for，of)不足的，不够的

参考例句：

• There was insufficient evidence to convict him.没有足够证据给他定罪。
• In their day scientific knowledge was insufficient to settle the matter.在他们的时代，科学知识还不能足以解决这些问题。

8 oversight   

n.勘漏，失察，疏忽

参考例句：

• I consider this a gross oversight on your part.我把这件事看作是你的一大疏忽。
• Your essay was not marked through an oversight on my part.由于我的疏忽你的文章没有打分。

9 automated   

a.自动化的

参考例句：

• The entire manufacturing process has been automated. 整个生产过程已自动化。
• Automated Highway System (AHS) is recently regarded as one subsystem of Intelligent Transport System (ITS). 近年来自动公路系统(Automated Highway System,AHS)，作为智能运输系统的子系统之一越来越受到重视。

10 outdated   

adj.旧式的，落伍的，过时的；v.使过时

参考例句：

• That list of addresses is outdated,many have changed.那个通讯录已经没用了，许多地址已经改了。
• Many of us conform to the outdated customs laid down by our forebears.我们许多人都遵循祖先立下的过时习俗。

11 concealment   

n.隐藏, 掩盖，隐瞒

参考例句：

• the concealment of crime 对罪行的隐瞒
• Stay in concealment until the danger has passed. 把自己藏起来，待危险过去后再出来。

12 oversaw   

v.监督，监视( oversee的过去式 )

参考例句：

• He will go down as the president who oversaw two historic transitions. 他将作为见证了巴西两次历史性转变的总统，安然引退。 来自互联网
• Dixon oversaw the project as creative director of Design Research Studio. 狄克逊监督项目的创意总监设计研究工作室。 来自互联网

13 compliant   

adj.服从的，顺从的

参考例句：

• I don't respect people who are too compliant.我看不起那种唯命是从，唯唯诺诺的人。
• For years I had tried to be a compliant and dutiful wife.几年来，我努力做一名顺从和尽职尽职的妻子。

14 bureaucratic   

adj.官僚的，繁文缛节的

参考例句：

• The sweat of labour washed away his bureaucratic airs.劳动的汗水冲掉了他身上的官气。
• In this company you have to go through complex bureaucratic procedures just to get a new pencil.在这个公司里即使是领一支新铅笔，也必须通过繁琐的手续。

15 airliner   

n.客机，班机

参考例句：

• The pilot landed the airliner safely.驾驶员使客机安全着陆。
• The passengers were shepherded across the tarmac to the airliner.旅客们被引导走过跑道去上飞机。

16 obliviousness   

参考例句：

• Her obliviousness of what was happening in Germany seems extraordinary. 真没想到她对德国正在发生的事情居然一无所知。 来自柯林斯例句

17 remarkable   

adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的

参考例句：

• She has made remarkable headway in her writing skills.她在写作技巧方面有了长足进步。
• These cars are remarkable for the quietness of their engines.这些汽车因发动机没有噪音而不同凡响。

18 inadequately   

ad.不够地；不够好地

参考例句：

• As one kind of building materials, wood is inadequately sturdy. 作为一种建筑材料，木材不够结实。
• Oneself is supported inadequately by the money that he earns. 他挣的钱不够养活自己。

19 realization   

n.实现；认识到，深刻了解

参考例句：

• We shall gladly lend every effort in our power toward its realization.我们将乐意为它的实现而竭尽全力。
• He came to the realization that he would never make a good teacher.他逐渐认识到自己永远不会成为好老师。

20 protocols   

n.礼仪( protocol的名词复数 )；（外交条约的）草案；（数据传递的）协议；科学实验报告（或计划）

参考例句：

• There are also protocols on the testing of nuclear weapons. 也有关于核武器试验的协议。 来自辞典例句
• Hardware components and software design of network transport protocols are separately introduced. 介绍系统硬件组成及网络传输协议的软件设计。 来自互联网

21 certifying   

（尤指书面）证明( certify的现在分词 )； 发证书给…； 证明（某人）患有精神病； 颁发（或授予）专业合格证书

参考例句：

• Signed Commercial in quintuplicate, certifying merchandise to be of Chinese origin. 签署商业发票一式五份，证明产品的原产地为中国。
• Other documents certifying the truthfulness of the contents of the advertisements. （三）确认广告内容真实性的其他证明文件。