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PBS高端访谈:横跨美国的日全食让天文学家疯狂

时间:2017-10-27 00:33来源:互联网 提供网友:mapleleaf   字体: [ ]
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   People gathered across the country for a historic event today, a total eclipse of the sun in a 70 mile- wide band, crossing from the Pacific to the Atlantic coasts.

  With special eyeglasses or homemade boxes, tens of millions looked to the sky to witness a sight not seen in most people's lifetimes.
  Our science correspondent, Miles O'Brien, was in Idaho to watch for us and in partnership1 with our colleagues from the PBS program, "Nova."
  Miles gets us started and then, he and William Brangham discuss the day's celestial2 and earthly events.
  It is the first coast to coast American eclipse in a century. Millions had front row seat for a celestial minuet of moon and sun.
  We got to Charleston yesterday morning, came up because this was in our path and we could come and when you can, you should,
  so we came to see the eclipse because it's a once-in-a-lifetime deal.
  I'd never seen an eclipse so I figured this was my chance since I was so close to Chicago.
  Beneath a 70-mile wide path from Salem, Oregon, to Charleston, South Carolina, day turned to night for two minutes or more.
  It thrilled the public and the experts alike.
  Williams College astronomer3 Jay Pasachoff was among them. He has traveled the world for years chasing eclipses. This is his 66th. No one has seen more.
  Pasachoff is drawn4 by the beauty, and the scientific opportunity, when the moon appears to swallow the sun.
  And then this white corona5 appears all around you. It's dark and it's just a wonderful experience to have. And there's great science that you can do.
  Only on the days of eclipses do we see the corona appear, and so we want to take advantage of that as much as possible.
  Understanding the sun's corona is a priority for scientists. Among the mysteries: why is it hotter than the surface of the sun itself?
  But there are practical reasons as well. Sometimes, the corona breaks free of the sun's magnetic field,
  causing a coronal mass ejection -- billions of tons of hot plasma6 moving at 2,000 miles per second.
  Normally, the earth's magnetic field deflects7 most of the highly charged particles.
  But every now and then, a large coronal mass ejection can overwhelm our defenses, disabling satellites and causing power outages.
  Bill Murtagh is among the scientists watching this space weather for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric8 Administration in Boulder9, Colorado.
  The biggest event they ever saw came in 2012.
  And this is what we saw. All of a sudden that flare10 occurs, the eruption11 occurs and that blast was tremendous. Very big. Very, very fast.
  Fortunately, it did not hit earth, as it would have caused widespread power outages.
  A total eclipse is one way scientists try to better understand coronal mass ejections.
  We would love to improve our capability12 to predict. If we can better model what the magnetic field might look like within an eruption, then we would be in a great place.
  NASA and the European Space Agency have sent several craft to study the sun over the years.
  The next big mission, the Parker Solar Probe, is slated13 for launch next August.
  It will fly through the corona itself gathering14 data.
  But no spacecraft can match the teaching opportunity provided by a total solar eclipse,
  which occurs when the earth, moon and sun are perfectly15 aligned16, so the moon blocks the sun's light.
  The moon is 400 times smaller than sun. But also 400 times closer to the earth. So, from our vantage point, they seem to be the same size.
  But total solar eclipses happen rarely because the moon's orbit is tilted17 five degrees.
  And it is elliptical, so sometimes it is too far away to completely obscure the sun, causing a so called annular18 eclipse, with its distinctive19 ring of fire.
  The last total solar eclipse visible in the Continental20 United States happened in the northwestern corner of the country in 1979.
  Of course, Jimmy Carter was president back then. That eclipse was in the northwestern U.S., ideally suited for Washington state.
  This time around, Washington, D.C. wasn't a bad place to watch. President Trump21 did so, briefly22 forgetting to put on protective glasses before he finally did the right thing -- William.
  So, Miles, you were there in the actual shadow cast by the moon on the face of the United States.
  Tell us what -- for those of us who were here outside of that shadow, what was it like?
  You know, William, I've never seen the total eclipse of the sun before. This is my first experience with this. And, of course, we've all seen the pictures in the films.
  The experience of being in it is surreal. It's the combination of all the senses that are involved, the temperature dropping,
  the light becoming this ethereal kind of blue and then, suddenly, darkness at noon for a brief period of time.
  I stopped looking through the welder's glass and looked at the sun or what was the sun, this disk with this amazing aura around it, and I was truly gobsmacked, I was at a loss for words.
  It -- you know, we think we're all so advanced and evolved, but I think it appears to us in a very fundamental, kind of limbic brain place.
  It's sort of an instinctual response that you have, it's difficult to put into words, but it was spectacular.
  And I understand you were with a rather unique brand of scientists and enthusiasts23 out in Idaho. Would you tell us who you spent the day with?
  It was like the United Nations of astronomy here. People from five nations here.
  Many of them operators of planetariums24, some of them amateur astronomers25, a few professional astrophysicists, some of them doing some actual science here.
  What I like about this and what I like about covering science in general is it does afford opportunities like this that really do bring us together.
  And we live in a time when things that bring us together seem to be in short supply.
  So, it was really nice to see us in this particular place come together and really in many respects the country kind of savor26 this moment together.
  You reported several times about how crucial this day was for science. And I'm just wondering, why is it that we have to wait for an eclipse to do these sorts of measurements?
  Can't we put a filter on the telescopes or the devices that we used to measure the sun? Why do we have to wait for the moon to actually block it?
  You know, it's interesting. You can think about it. You can just cover the sun with your thumb, right, and maybe you get the same thing. It doesn't work that way.
  It's important to have something in space that does the blocking because the atmosphere gets in the way of the science.
  If you have something -- coincidently, the moon being 400 times smaller than the sun and yet 400 times closer makes it a perfect disk to occult the sun,
  creating that clean view of the corona which you really can't get unless you're in space.
  And so, this is an opportunity for science. There are probes that have gone to the sun and will go to the sun that will get all kinds of other types of science,
  but this does give scientists a great opportunity to further understand the corona and its behavior.
  So, the last one of these was in the late 1970s. Today was obviously a historic event for the U.S. When's the next one?
  When's the next chance we might have to get a gander at something like this?
  April of 2024, only seven years away. By quirk27, this is happening. It's roughly, as we said, about every 18 months, that eclipse happens somewhere.
  Any given place on the planet, the odds28 are one in 365 years that you'll see a total eclipse.
  Put that all into the Rubik's cube and you get another American eclipse from Texas all the way up into Pennsylvania, New York and into Maine in seven years' time.
  And, I having done this one and seen it in person, I can tell you, William, if I'm around, I will be there seven years from now to see it in person.
  All right. Fantastic. We are always grateful for our Miles O'Brien, especially on days like today. Thank you so much. You're welcome, William.
  Just a marvelous today. And remember to stay with PBS tonight for "Nnova's" special, "Eclipse Across America." undefined

点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 partnership NmfzPy     
n.合作关系,伙伴关系
参考例句:
  • The company has gone into partnership with Swiss Bank Corporation.这家公司已经和瑞士银行公司建立合作关系。
  • Martin has taken him into general partnership in his company.马丁已让他成为公司的普通合伙人。
2 celestial 4rUz8     
adj.天体的;天上的
参考例句:
  • The rosy light yet beamed like a celestial dawn.玫瑰色的红光依然象天上的朝霞一样绚丽。
  • Gravity governs the motions of celestial bodies.万有引力控制着天体的运动。
3 astronomer DOEyh     
n.天文学家
参考例句:
  • A new star attracted the notice of the astronomer.新发现的一颗星引起了那位天文学家的注意。
  • He is reputed to have been a good astronomer.他以一个优秀的天文学者闻名于世。
4 drawn MuXzIi     
v.拖,拉,拔出;adj.憔悴的,紧张的
参考例句:
  • All the characters in the story are drawn from life.故事中的所有人物都取材于生活。
  • Her gaze was drawn irresistibly to the scene outside.她的目光禁不住被外面的风景所吸引。
5 corona jY4z4     
n.日冕
参考例句:
  • The corona gains and loses energy continuously.日冕总是不断地获得能量和损失能量。
  • The corona is a brilliant,pearly white,filmy light,about as bright as the full moon.光环带是一种灿烂的珠白色朦胧光,几乎像满月一样明亮。
6 plasma z2xzC     
n.血浆,细胞质,乳清
参考例句:
  • Keep some blood plasma back for the serious cases.留一些血浆给重病号。
  • The plasma is the liquid portion of blood that is free of cells .血浆是血液的液体部分,不包含各种细胞。
7 deflects 80ca177a9875c355b337a04003f553f6     
(使)偏斜, (使)偏离, (使)转向( deflect的第三人称单数 )
参考例句:
  • This love is so bright that it deflects all darkness. 这个爱如此光明而可以照亮黑暗。
  • Level 3-Deflects 15% of damage taken onto a 600 AoE. 三级-将15%的所受伤害反弹给600范围内的所有敌方单位。
8 atmospheric 6eayR     
adj.大气的,空气的;大气层的;大气所引起的
参考例句:
  • Sea surface temperatures and atmospheric circulation are strongly coupled.海洋表面温度与大气环流是密切相关的。
  • Clouds return radiant energy to the surface primarily via the atmospheric window.云主要通过大气窗区向地表辐射能量。
9 boulder BNbzS     
n.巨砾;卵石,圆石
参考例句:
  • We all heaved together and removed the boulder.大家一齐用劲,把大石头搬开了。
  • He stepped clear of the boulder.他从大石头后面走了出来。
10 flare LgQz9     
v.闪耀,闪烁;n.潮红;突发
参考例句:
  • The match gave a flare.火柴发出闪光。
  • You need not flare up merely because I mentioned your work.你大可不必因为我提到你的工作就动怒。
11 eruption UomxV     
n.火山爆发;(战争等)爆发;(疾病等)发作
参考例句:
  • The temple was destroyed in the violent eruption of 1470 BC.庙宇在公元前1470年猛烈的火山爆发中摧毁了。
  • The eruption of a volcano is spontaneous.火山的爆发是自发的。
12 capability JsGzZ     
n.能力;才能;(pl)可发展的能力或特性等
参考例句:
  • She has the capability to become a very fine actress.她有潜力成为杰出演员。
  • Organizing a whole department is beyond his capability.组织整个部门是他能力以外的事。
13 slated 87d23790934cf766dc7204830faf2859     
用石板瓦盖( slate的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • Yuki is working up an in-home phonics program slated for Thursdays, and I'm drilling her on English conversation at dinnertime. Yuki每周四还有一次家庭语音课。我在晚餐时训练她的英语口语。
  • Bromfield was slated to become U.S. Secretary of Agriculture. 布罗姆菲尔德被提名为美国农业部长。
14 gathering ChmxZ     
n.集会,聚会,聚集
参考例句:
  • He called on Mr. White to speak at the gathering.他请怀特先生在集会上讲话。
  • He is on the wing gathering material for his novels.他正忙于为他的小说收集资料。
15 perfectly 8Mzxb     
adv.完美地,无可非议地,彻底地
参考例句:
  • The witnesses were each perfectly certain of what they said.证人们个个对自己所说的话十分肯定。
  • Everything that we're doing is all perfectly above board.我们做的每件事情都是光明正大的。
16 aligned 165f93b99f87c219277d70d866425da6     
adj.对齐的,均衡的
参考例句:
  • Make sure the shelf is aligned with the top of the cupboard.务必使搁架与橱柜顶端对齐。
17 tilted 3gtzE5     
v. 倾斜的
参考例句:
  • Suddenly the boat tilted to one side. 小船突然倾向一侧。
  • She tilted her chin at him defiantly. 她向他翘起下巴表示挑衅。
18 annular XzizNQ     
adj.环状的
参考例句:
  • It was reported that there would be an annular eclipse tomorrow.据报道说,明天有日环食。
  • The annular markings on a tree indicate its age.树的环形纹理显示其年龄。
19 distinctive Es5xr     
adj.特别的,有特色的,与众不同的
参考例句:
  • She has a very distinctive way of walking.她走路的样子与别人很不相同。
  • This bird has several distinctive features.这个鸟具有几种突出的特征。
20 continental Zazyk     
adj.大陆的,大陆性的,欧洲大陆的
参考例句:
  • A continental climate is different from an insular one.大陆性气候不同于岛屿气候。
  • The most ancient parts of the continental crust are 4000 million years old.大陆地壳最古老的部分有40亿年历史。
21 trump LU1zK     
n.王牌,法宝;v.打出王牌,吹喇叭
参考例句:
  • He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
  • The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手,作为他的王牌。
22 briefly 9Styo     
adv.简单地,简短地
参考例句:
  • I want to touch briefly on another aspect of the problem.我想简单地谈一下这个问题的另一方面。
  • He was kidnapped and briefly detained by a terrorist group.他被一个恐怖组织绑架并短暂拘禁。
23 enthusiasts 7d5827a9c13ecd79a8fd94ebb2537412     
n.热心人,热衷者( enthusiast的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • A group of enthusiasts have undertaken the reconstruction of a steam locomotive. 一群火车迷已担负起重造蒸汽机车的任务。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Now a group of enthusiasts are going to have the plane restored. 一群热心人计划修复这架飞机。 来自新概念英语第二册
24 planetariums 1e4446492893939a49689e5a49722cb2     
n.天文馆( planetarium的名词复数 );天象仪
参考例句:
25 astronomers 569155f16962e086bd7de77deceefcbd     
n.天文学者,天文学家( astronomer的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Astronomers can accurately foretell the date,time,and length of future eclipses. 天文学家能精确地预告未来日食月食的日期、时刻和时长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Astronomers used to ask why only Saturn has rings. 天文学家们过去一直感到奇怪,为什么只有土星有光环。 来自《简明英汉词典》
26 savor bCizT     
vt.品尝,欣赏;n.味道,风味;情趣,趣味
参考例句:
  • The soup has a savor of onion.这汤有洋葱味。
  • His humorous remarks added a savor to our conversation.他幽默的话语给谈话增添了风趣。
27 quirk 00KzV     
n.奇事,巧合;古怪的举动
参考例句:
  • He had a strange quirk of addressing his wife as Mrs Smith.他很怪,把自己的妻子称作史密斯夫人。
  • The most annoying quirk of his is wearing a cap all the time.他最令人感到厌恶的怪癖就是无论何时都戴著帽子。
28 odds n5czT     
n.让步,机率,可能性,比率;胜败优劣之别
参考例句:
  • The odds are 5 to 1 that she will win.她获胜的机会是五比一。
  • Do you know the odds of winning the lottery once?你知道赢得一次彩票的几率多大吗?
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