PBS高端访谈:飓风多里安逼近佛州

JUDY WOODRUFF: Hurricane Dorian is threatening to bear down on Florida by Monday, prompting residents there to start stocking up on bottled water, gas and other supplies. But the Category 1 hurricane's precise path is hard to predict. Dorian veered¹ towards the Virgin² Islands, drenching³ them with heavy rain and whipping winds, but then largely missed Puerto Rico. Ken⁴ Graham is the director of the National Hurricane Center in Miami, and he joins us now for an update. Ken Graham, welcome back to the NewsHour. First of all, tell us what you know right now about Dorian.

KEN GRAHAM, Director, National Hurricane Center: Every indication is continuing to get stronger. We're looking at this structure very closely, getting aircraft out there, studying this 24 hours a day. And getting stronger is exactly what we're forecasting, continuing to get stronger with time, just a lot of warm water, not a lot of shear⁵, and then not a lot of interaction with terrain⁶ as well. So it's going to keep getting stronger. And we're forecasting to become a major hurricane,even a Category 4-strength, 130 miles an hour, as we approach the Florida coast, so a big event, a lot of uncertainty⁷ in the forecast. That center could be anywhere in that cone⁸.

JUDY WOODRUFF: And, Ken, you say a lot of uncertainty. What is going to determine the exact path and the strength of this storm?

KEN GRAHAM: Yes, so many factors going on here. In this case, we have, this ridge⁹ of high pressure.It's out here. It almost acts like a bubble. So, when the storm moves forward, it hits that bubble. So the stronger that high pressure is, then we're going to have a quicker turn. If it's a little weaker, it's going to be wait a little bit longer. And that will be the northern track. So we're really trying to understand how strong that is. And that's why we're seeing the models change a little bit. And that's why we have a comb, because, with that uncertainty, it could be anywhere in there. So the message is anyone along the in Florida, along the coast, and also inland has to be ready.

JUDY WOODRUFF: Do you have a sense of when we're going to know better where it's hitting?

KEN GRAHAM: You know, I think really when we start seeing that turn. I think this is one of those situations that, as we move towards the northwest, we start seeing that turn more towards the west. I think, if you think about, with time after that happens, you can extrapolate from there, and that, we're going to have a better idea. So, in the next few days, I think we will have a better handle on it. But either way, no matter where that track goes, no matter where the center is, Florida will be impacted by rain, storm surge, the winds, just a big impact event.

JUDY WOODRUFF: So the advice then to people who live anywhere in that bubble area you have at the end is to do what?

KEN GRAHAM: It is to be ready, because, if you think about it, it's interesting. We have plotted the arrival of the tropical-storm-force winds. So, no matter the exact track, no matter where the center is, you will start seeing tropical-storm-force winds reach the coastline, here's Florida, probably late on Sunday, by 8:00 p.m. or so moving onshore.

So the winds are coming. The rain is coming. The storm surge is coming. So it's time to be prepared and listen for the latest information, and especially listen to those local officials.

JUDY WOODRUFF: Well, we will certainly do everything we can to get the word out.Ken Graham with the National Hurricane Center, thank you.

KEN GRAHAM: You bet.

朱迪·伍德拉夫:飓风多里安预计周一就会逼近佛罗里达州，迫使那里的居民现在已经开始储备瓶装水、天然气和其他应急物资了。但是这股一级飓风的确切运动路径很难预测。多里安此前已经转向维尔京群岛，受其影响，那里大雨滂沱，狂风呼啸，但其却出人意料的避开了波多黎各。现在让我们与迈阿密国家飓风中心主任肯?格雷厄姆一起了解一下多里安的最新情况。肯，欢迎你回来“新闻一小时”节目。首先，请跟我们分享一下你对多里安的了解。

国家飓风中心主任肯·格雷厄姆:不断有迹象表明飓风即将来临。我们近距离的研究了这个飓风结构，让飞机飞到那里，每天24小时对其进行研究。我们早已预料到飓风趋势会变强，并且预计随着时间的推移这种趋势会变得更强，只是海水温度升高，水位上涨，切变力没有增加多少，地形地势也没对其产生多大阻碍。所以它会越来越强。我们预测它将成为一场大飓风，甚至是4级飓风，时速可达130英里，当其逼近佛罗里达海岸时，这是一个大事件，但是预测中还存在很多不确定性。中心可以在那的任何位置。

朱迪:肯，你说有很多不确定性。那么什么将最终决定这场风暴的确切运动路径和强度?

肯·格雷厄姆:是的，这中间有很多影响因素。在多里安这场飓风中有高压脊。它在这里，几乎就像一个泡沫。所以，当风暴向前移动时，他就推动了这一泡沫向前移动。所以压强越大，转弯的速度就越快。如果压强弱一点，等待的速度就会长一些。这就形成了北方轨道。所以我们想要准确预测它会多强。这就是为什么我们看到模型发生了一些变化。这就是为什么我们有蜂巢，因为，有了这种不确定性，飓风可能出现在那里的任何地方。因此，我们要传达的信息是，无论是佛罗里达沿岸的人，还是内陆的人，都必须做好准备。

朱迪·伍德拉夫:你知道我们什么时候才能知道它会在哪里登陆吗?

肯·格雷厄姆:你知道，我认为当我们开始看到他转向的时候就是这种时刻。当我们研究西北部的时候，我们就开始更多的关注其向西转向的问题。如果你想想，飓风在那里爆发之后的时间里，你就可以从那里推断出其运行路径，我们会有一个更好的预测。所以，在接下来的几天里，我想我们会对它有更好的理解。但无论如何，无论多里安往哪里移动，无论它的中心在哪里，佛罗里达都会遭遇暴雨、风暴潮，大风只是其中一项。

朱迪·伍德拉夫:那么对于那些生活在泡沫区域的人来说，最后的建议是做什么?

肯·格雷厄姆:准备好，因为，如果你仔细想想，会发现它很有趣。我们已经绘制出热带风暴风的到达图。所以，无论其确切的运动路径，无论中心在哪里，你都会开始看到热带风暴的风力会到达海岸线，这个地方就是佛罗里达，可能在周日晚些时候，大约在晚上8点左右会向海岸移动。受其影响，马上就要刮风下雨了。风暴潮也要来了。所以，现在是准备好抗飓风和收听最新信息的时候了，尤其是收听当地工作人员的意见。

朱迪·伍德拉夫:嗯，我们一定会尽我们所能把这个消息传出去。让我们谢谢来自国家飓风中心的肯·格雷厄姆！

肯:没错。

1 veered   

v.（尤指交通工具）改变方向或路线( veer的过去式和过去分词 )；（指谈话内容、人的行为或观点）突然改变；（指风） （在北半球按顺时针方向、在南半球按逆时针方向）逐渐转向；风向顺时针转

参考例句：

• The bus veered onto the wrong side of the road. 公共汽车突然驶入了逆行道。
• The truck veered off the road and crashed into a tree. 卡车突然驶离公路撞上了一棵树。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 virgin   

n.处女，未婚女子；adj.未经使用的；未经开发的

参考例句：

• Have you ever been to a virgin forest?你去过原始森林吗？
• There are vast expanses of virgin land in the remote regions.在边远地区有大片大片未开垦的土地。

3 drenching   

n.湿透v.使湿透( drench的现在分词 )；在某人（某物）上大量使用（某液体）

参考例句：

• A black cloudburst was drenching Siena at midday. 中午，一场天昏地暗的暴风雨在锡耶纳上空倒下来。 来自辞典例句
• A drenching rain poured down and the rising hurricane drove it in sheets along the ground. 一阵倾盆大雨泼下来了，越来越大的狂风把它顺着地面刮成了一片一片的雨幕。 来自辞典例句

4 ken   

n.视野，知识领域

参考例句：

• Such things are beyond my ken.我可不懂这些事。
• Abstract words are beyond the ken of children.抽象的言辞超出小孩所理解的范围.

5 shear   

n.修剪，剪下的东西，羊的一岁；vt.剪掉，割，剥夺；vi.修剪，切割，剥夺，穿越

参考例句：

• Every spring they shear off the sheep's wool and sell it.每年春天他们都要剪下羊毛去卖。
• In the Hebrides they shear their sheep later than anywhere else.在赫伯里兹，剪羊毛的时间比其他任何地方都要晚。

6 terrain   

n.地面，地形，地图

参考例句：

• He had made a detailed study of the terrain.他对地形作了缜密的研究。
• He knows the terrain of this locality like the back of his hand.他对这一带的地形了如指掌。

7 uncertainty   

n.易变，靠不住，不确知，不确定的事物

参考例句：

• Her comments will add to the uncertainty of the situation.她的批评将会使局势更加不稳定。
• After six weeks of uncertainty,the strain was beginning to take its toll.6个星期的忐忑不安后，压力开始产生影响了。

8 cone   

n.圆锥体，圆锥形东西，球果

参考例句：

• Saw-dust piled up in a great cone.锯屑堆积如山。
• The police have sectioned off part of the road with traffic cone.警察用锥形路标把部分路面分隔开来。

9 ridge   

n.山脊；鼻梁；分水岭

参考例句：

• We clambered up the hillside to the ridge above.我们沿着山坡费力地爬上了山脊。
• The infantry were advancing to attack the ridge.步兵部队正在向前挺进攻打山脊。