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科学美国人60秒 SSS 大便移植者的关键要素

时间:2018-02-24 05:39来源:互联网 提供网友:nan   字体: [ ]
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Fecal Transplanters Fish Out Key Ingredient

These days, antibiotics1 are no silver bullet. In fact, if you get them in the hospital, you may end up with an additional infection. Like the bug2 Clostridium difficile, or C. diff—which infects more than 300,000 Americans a year and kills some 14,000.C. diff flourishes in the post-antibiotic, microbe-free landscape of your gut3. But there is a way to stop it—a fecal transplant. That cocktail4 of microbes from a healthy person's gut can rein5 in a C. diff outbreak. The question is not: Eewww? It’s: What are the transplant's active ingredients? You can find more 60-Second science on chinavoa.com.

这些天来,抗生素不是银色子弹(杀手锏),如果在医院拿到这些抗生素,也许你还有会受到另外的感染。就像艰难梭状芽胞杆菌——在美国一年就会感染30多万人,夺取1万4千人的生命。艰难梭状芽胞杆菌就是在使用抗生素后在肠道里繁殖生长。但是有种方法能阻止它的繁殖生长——通过大便移植。大便移植是将健康者的粪便导入肠道受感染的患者以抑制患者体内有害细菌滋生的治疗措施。问题不是:恶心吗?问题是移植的有效成分是什么?

Well, one of them appears to be a bacterium6 calledClostridium scindens. Because in past studies, people and mice that harbored C. scindens were protected against a full-blownC. diff infection. So researchers dosed mice with the good guy, C. scindens, after a bout7 of antibiotics. And the treatment did indeed ward8 off C. diff, compared to a cocktail of other microbes, or nothing at all.

其中一个问题是一种叫scindens梭菌的细菌。因为在过去的研究中,体内含有scindens梭菌的人们和老鼠就能够抵御艰难梭状芽孢杆菌的感染。所以研究者给小老鼠用过抗生素后,用scindens梭菌试验。与其它混合的微生物细菌相比,这种治疗确实能够抵挡C艰难梭状芽孢杆菌。

C. scindensmakes a living by breaking down bile, the researchers say, and it's those secondary products that seem to inhibit9 C. diff. The findings are in the journal Nature. [Charlie G. Buffie et al: Precision microbiome reconstitution restores bile acid mediated10 resistance to Clostridium difficile]

研究员说scindens梭菌通过分解胆汁,正是这种二次产物能够抑制艰难梭状芽孢杆菌。这一研究发现在《自然》杂志上发表。

This work could lead to more targeted probiotic treatments. But study author Eric Pamer of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center says it's worth remembering that when it comes to microbes, the sum is often greater than its parts. "In some ways I would say this is far more complex than an orchestra, in that there are many more interdependencies, and many of which we just don't understand yet, but that are starting to be illuminated11 by ongoing12 work." Now, at least, we know one of the featured performers.

这项工作能够产生更多有针对性的益生菌治疗。纽约史隆凯特灵纪念医院的研究的报告者艾瑞克·帕玛说:“提到微生物的时候,需要记住的是总和总是要大于各个部分。某种程度上说,这要比拨弄管弦乐器要更复杂,因为它们彼此交织关联,而且有很多微生物我们还没办法理解呢。但是接下来的工作会慢慢的解释这些未知。”至少现在,我们知道了一些微生物的性质特点。


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 antibiotics LzgzQT     
n.(用作复数)抗生素;(用作单数)抗生物质的研究;抗生素,抗菌素( antibiotic的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • the discovery of antibiotics in the 20th century 20世纪抗生素的发现
  • The doctor gave me a prescription for antibiotics. 医生给我开了抗生素。
2 bug 5skzf     
n.虫子;故障;窃听器;vt.纠缠;装窃听器
参考例句:
  • There is a bug in the system.系统出了故障。
  • The bird caught a bug on the fly.那鸟在飞行中捉住了一只昆虫。
3 gut MezzP     
n.[pl.]胆量;内脏;adj.本能的;vt.取出内脏
参考例句:
  • It is not always necessary to gut the fish prior to freezing.冷冻鱼之前并不总是需要先把内脏掏空。
  • My immediate gut feeling was to refuse.我本能的直接反应是拒绝。
4 cocktail Jw8zNt     
n.鸡尾酒;餐前开胃小吃;混合物
参考例句:
  • We invited some foreign friends for a cocktail party.我们邀请了一些外国朋友参加鸡尾酒会。
  • At a cocktail party in Hollywood,I was introduced to Charlie Chaplin.在好莱坞的一次鸡尾酒会上,人家把我介绍给查理·卓别林。
5 rein xVsxs     
n.疆绳,统治,支配;vt.以僵绳控制,统治
参考例句:
  • The horse answered to the slightest pull on the rein.只要缰绳轻轻一拉,马就作出反应。
  • He never drew rein for a moment till he reached the river.他一刻不停地一直跑到河边。
6 bacterium BN7zE     
n.(pl.)bacteria 细菌
参考例句:
  • The bacterium possibly goes in the human body by the mouth.细菌可能通过口进入人体。
  • A bacterium is identified as the cause for his duodenal ulcer.一种细菌被断定为造成他十二指肠溃疡的根源。
7 bout Asbzz     
n.侵袭,发作;一次(阵,回);拳击等比赛
参考例句:
  • I was suffering with a bout of nerves.我感到一阵紧张。
  • That bout of pneumonia enfeebled her.那次肺炎的发作使她虚弱了。
8 ward LhbwY     
n.守卫,监护,病房,行政区,由监护人或法院保护的人(尤指儿童);vt.守护,躲开
参考例句:
  • The hospital has a medical ward and a surgical ward.这家医院有内科病房和外科病房。
  • During the evening picnic,I'll carry a torch to ward off the bugs.傍晚野餐时,我要点根火把,抵挡蚊虫。
9 inhibit C7jxT     
vt.阻止,妨碍,抑制
参考例句:
  • Don't let ego and greed inhibit clear thinking and hard work.不要让自我和贪婪妨碍清晰的思维和刻苦的工作。
  • They passed a law to inhibit people from parking in the street.他们通过一项法令以阻止人们在街上停车。
10 mediated b901b5da5d438661bcf0228b9947a320     
调停,调解,斡旋( mediate的过去式和过去分词 ); 居间促成; 影响…的发生; 使…可能发生
参考例句:
  • He mediated in the quarrel between the two boys. 他调解两个孩子之间的争吵。
  • The government mediated between the workers and the employers. 政府在工人与雇主间搞调和。
11 illuminated 98b351e9bc282af85e83e767e5ec76b8     
adj.被照明的;受启迪的
参考例句:
  • Floodlights illuminated the stadium. 泛光灯照亮了体育场。
  • the illuminated city at night 夜幕中万家灯火的城市
12 ongoing 6RvzT     
adj.进行中的,前进的
参考例句:
  • The problem is ongoing.这个问题尚未解决。
  • The issues raised in the report relate directly to Age Concern's ongoing work in this area.报告中提出的问题与“关心老人”组织在这方面正在做的工作有直接的关系。
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TAG标签:   科学美国人60秒  英语听力  sss
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