时差N小时 无意识行为与心理学(下)

Why?

为什么？

Researchers speculate that words such as “Florida” and “retired” invoke¹ stereotypes³ of the elderly, and these stereotypes also include slowness.

研究人员猜测，“佛罗里达”和“退休”这类词汇容易让人脑海中浮现老人的特定印象，而缓慢是人们对老人印象之一。

This experiment also confirms the power of what is commonly known as self-fulfilling prophecy,

同时，该实验也证实了大众熟知的“自我应验预言”神秘力量。

the idea that our expectations make us behave (consciously or unconsciously) in a way that makes those expectations come true.

这是一种“期望驱使着人们（有意识或无意识）按照愿望成真的方式行动”的思想。

When you meet someone who fits into a stereotype², you automatically act toward him or her in a manner consistent with that stereotype.

当你遇到某一特定模式的人时，你会下意识地按照特定方式回应他（她）。

So if you think men in red baseball caps tend to be hostile, when you run into such a man you unconsciously begin to act defensively.

如果你认为戴红色棒球帽的男人可能充满敌意，当你和他相撞时，你会下意识地表现出防御姿势。

That causes the man to react defensively, which then confirms the original stereotype.

此举也会导致对方以同样的防御姿态回应你，继而印证了你原来的猜想。

In short, it’s a vicious cycle, and one that’s not entirely⁴ under our control.

简言之，这是个恶性循环，完全超出我们的掌控。

1 invoke   

v.求助于(神、法律)；恳求，乞求

参考例句：

• Let us invoke the blessings of peace.让我们祈求和平之福。
• I hope I'll never have to invoke this clause and lodge a claim with you.我希望我永远不会使用这个条款向你们索赔。

2 stereotype   

n.固定的形象，陈规，老套，旧框框

参考例句：

• He's my stereotype of a schoolteacher.他是我心目中的典型教师。
• There's always been a stereotype about successful businessmen.人们对于成功商人一直都有一种固定印象。

3 stereotypes   

n.老套，模式化的见解，有老一套固定想法的人( stereotype的名词复数 )v.把…模式化，使成陈规( stereotype的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• Such jokes tend to reinforce racial stereotypes. 这样的笑话容易渲染种族偏见。
• It makes me sick to read over such stereotypes devoid of content. 这种空洞无物的八股调，我看了就讨厌。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

4 entirely   

ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地

参考例句：

• The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
• His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。