时差N小时 年龄与味觉和嗅觉的关系

One of the more puzzling consequences of old age is adecreasing ability to appreciate the taste of a fine meal.

人到老年，一个令人费解的苦恼就是对美味佳肴品鉴能力的降低。

Actually,the problem is not only a matter of taste. It also has to do with smell.

事实上，问题不单单出现在味道上，同时还出现在嗅觉上。

When we eat something, we rely on a combined sense of taste and smell to experience flavor.

当我们吃某样东西的时候，我们依赖融合了的味觉和嗅觉去体验味道。

The next time you're eating fruit-flavored candy, try this.

下一次你吃水果糖时，不妨试一试。

Grab a handful of candy, close your eyes,and pick one.

抓一把糖果，闭上眼睛，随意挑选一颗。

While pinching your nose shut, pop the candy into your mouth.

捏着鼻子把糖果放进你的嘴里。

Chances are you'll taste the tart¹ sweetness of the candy, but you won't recognize a particular flavor.

你可能尝到糖果的酸甜的味道，但是你分辨不出独有的味道。

Now let go of your nose. Presto²!

现在让你的鼻子自由呼吸，转眼间，

The savory⁴ flavor of banana-grape fills your mouth.

香蕉葡萄那可口的味道布满你的口中。

Taste is a limited sense; the taste nerves in the mouth and tongue only detect combinations ofsweet, sour, salty and bitter.

味觉是被限定的感觉，你口中和舌头上的味觉神经仅仅能够分辨出酸，甜，咸，苦。

Flavors, on the other hand, vary widely, numbering in the tens of thousands.

但味道多种多样，有上万种之多。

When we experience these many flavors, we use our nose as much as our mouth.

当我们品尝这些味道的时候，鼻子和嘴一样功不可没。

For example, when you chew a piece of candy, you inhale⁵ the candy's chemicals through your mouth and exhale⁶ them through your nose.

举个例子来说，当你嚼一块儿糖，你用嘴来吸收它们的化学成分，再用鼻子释放出来。

As they pass through the nose, the chemicals triggerreceptors that send smell and flavor signals to the brain.

当她们通过你鼻子的时候，这些化学成分激发受体，把嗅觉和味道的信号发送给大脑。

The body tends to break down in old age, and taste and flavor receptors are no exception.

到了老年，身体衰退，当然，味觉和味道受体也不可幸免。

Although taste buds in the mouth tend to lose some sensitivity, it is the decrease in the number ofactive flavor receptors in the nose that make it more difficult for elderly diners to truly savor³ anexquisite meal.

口中的味蕾慢慢失去一些敏感性，鼻子中那些活跃的味道受体的减退让老年人更加困难地去享受精致佳肴。

1 tart   

adj.酸的；尖酸的，刻薄的；n.果馅饼；淫妇

参考例句：

• She was learning how to make a fruit tart in class.她正在课上学习如何制作水果馅饼。
• She replied in her usual tart and offhand way.她开口回答了，用她平常那种尖酸刻薄的声调随口说道。

2 presto   

adv.急速地；n.急板乐段；adj.急板的

参考例句：

• With something so important,you can't just wave a wand and presto!在这么重大的问题上，你想挥动一下指挥棒，转眼就变过来,办不到！
• I just turned the piece of wire in the lock and hey presto,the door opened.我把金属丝伸到锁孔里一拧，嘿，那门就开了。

3 savor   

vt.品尝，欣赏；n.味道，风味；情趣，趣味

参考例句：

• The soup has a savor of onion.这汤有洋葱味。
• His humorous remarks added a savor to our conversation.他幽默的话语给谈话增添了风趣。

4 savory   

adj.风味极佳的，可口的，味香的

参考例句：

• She placed a huge dish before him of savory steaming meat.她将一大盘热气腾腾、美味可口的肉放在他面前。
• He doesn't have a very savory reputation.他的名誉不太好。

5 inhale   

v.吸入(气体等)，吸(烟)

参考例句：

• Don't inhale dust into your lung.别把灰尘吸进肺里。
• They are pleased to not inhale second hand smoke.他们很高兴他们再也不会吸到二手烟了。

6 exhale   

v.呼气，散出，吐出，蒸发

参考例句：

• Sweet odours exhale from flowers.花儿散发出花香。
• Wade exhaled a cloud of smoke and coughed.韦德吐出一口烟，然后咳嗽起来。