时代周刊:新冠病毒如何影响下一代医生(5)

"There were so many comments that I had to endure in my undergraduate years, in my medical school years," Dr. Tsion Firew, an emergency-medicine physician at New York City's Columbia University, who is Black, told TIME last summer.

纽约市哥伦比亚大学的急诊内科医生齐翁·菲尔瑞博士是一名黑人，他在去年夏天接受《时代》杂志采访时表示：“我在读本科的时候、在医学院的时候不得不忍受很多评论，

"When I walk into my hospital, it's not (diverse) like New York City. The second you walk into the hospital, you are reminded that you're not part of the majority."

当我走进我的医院时，它不像纽约那样(多元化)。当你走进医院的那一刻，你就会意识到你不是大多数人中的一员。”

Medicine and medical education remain very white fields in America.

美国的医学教育仍是一片空白。

In 2019, out of nearly 38,500 medical-school professors in the U.S., 755 (2%) identified as Black, around 1,000 (2.6%) identified as Hispanic or Latino,

AAMC的数据显示，2019年，在美国近3.85万名医学院教授中有755名(2%)被认定为黑人，约1000名(2.6%)被认定为西班牙裔或拉丁裔，

and just 37 (0.01%) identified as American Indian or Alaska Native, according to AAMC data. More than 29,000, or 75%, identified as white.

只有37名(0.01%)被认定为美洲印第安人或阿拉斯加原住民，超过29000人(75%)被认定为白人。

For context, about 60% of the total U.S. population identifies as white, while about 12% identifies as Black,

美国人口普查局的美国社区调查数据显示，在美国总人口中，约有60%的人认为自己是白人，12%的人认为自己是黑人，

18% as Hispanic, 5.6% as Asian and less than 1% as American Indian/Alaska Native, according to data from the U.S. Census¹ Bureau's American Community Survey.

18%的人认为自己是西班牙裔，5.6%的人认为自己是亚裔，不到1%的人认为自己是印第安人或阿拉斯加原住民。

Given that dynamic, it's not hard to understand why many schools haven't historically done a good job teaching concepts like cultural competency (the ability to connect with and treat patients from all backgrounds)

考虑到这种动态，就不难理解为什么许多学校在文化能力(与各种背景的病人联系和治疗的能力)

and social determinants of health (the myriad² ways socioeconomic factors affect a person's well-being).

和健康的社会决定因素(影响一个人幸福的无数社会经济因素)等概念的教学上做得不好了。

Many also fail to correct (and in some cases even perpetuate) racist³ and incorrect stereotypes⁴ about biological differences between Black and white patients.

许多人也未能纠正(在某些情况下甚至延续)种族主义和关于黑人和白人患者生理差异的错误刻板印象。

One 2016 study found that of about 400 medical students and residents surveyed in the U.S., half held false beliefs, like that Black people have higher pain tolerance⁵ or physically⁶ thicker skin than white people.

2016年的一项研究发现，在美国接受调查的约400名医科学生和住院医生中有一半人持有错误的信念，比如他们认为黑人比白人的疼痛耐受性更高或者皮肤更厚。

If students are steeped in these incorrect stereotypes rather than very real social determinants of health, they may contribute to a system of racially insensitive, and potentially harmful, medical care.

如果学生沉浸在这些不正确的刻板印象当中、而不是非常真实的健康的社会决定因素中，他们可能会促成一个对种族不敏感的、潜在有害的医疗保健系统。

Many schools were already working to fix that before the pandemic, but mainstream⁷ conversations about inequality and racism⁸ have hastened the process.

许多学校在新冠之前就已经在努力解决这个问题，但关于不平等和种族主义的主流对话加速了这一进程。

Chen, currently a fourth-year student at Brown, says she's noticed that race and social factors now come up in discussions of every patient case, whereas before they were often relegated⁹ to stand-alone lectures or lessons.

目前是布朗大学四年级学生的陈说，她注意到现在种族和社会因素会出现在每个病例的讨论当中，而以前这些因素通常只属于单独的讲座或课程。

Tian Mauer, a third-year student at Geisinger, has noticed the same thing. And for schools across the U.S., the AAMC has guidelines for teaching equity¹⁰, diversity and inclusion in medicine.

盖辛格大学三年级学生田·莫尔也注意到了同样的事情。AAMC对于美国各地的学校有关于医学教学公平、多样性和包容性的指导方针。

"COVID has really highlighted for some for whom it had not yet clicked that the social determinants of health are really critical," Whelan says.

“对于一些尚未意识到健康的社会决定因素至关重要的人来说，新冠病毒确实突出了这一点，”韦兰说。

1 census   

n.(官方的)人口调查，人口普查

参考例句：

• A census of population is taken every ten years.人口普查每10年进行一次。
• The census is taken one time every four years in our country.我国每四年一次人口普查。

2 myriad   

adj.无数的；n.无数，极大数量

参考例句：

• They offered no solution for all our myriad problems.对于我们数不清的问题他们束手无策。
• I had three weeks to make a myriad of arrangements.我花了三个星期做大量准备工作。

3 racist   

n.种族主义者，种族主义分子

参考例句：

• a series of racist attacks 一连串的种族袭击行为
• His speech presented racist ideas under the guise of nationalism. 他的讲话以民族主义为幌子宣扬种族主义思想。

4 stereotypes   

n.老套，模式化的见解，有老一套固定想法的人( stereotype的名词复数 )v.把…模式化，使成陈规( stereotype的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• Such jokes tend to reinforce racial stereotypes. 这样的笑话容易渲染种族偏见。
• It makes me sick to read over such stereotypes devoid of content. 这种空洞无物的八股调，我看了就讨厌。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

5 tolerance   

n.宽容；容忍，忍受；耐药力；公差

参考例句：

• Tolerance is one of his strengths.宽容是他的一个优点。
• Human beings have limited tolerance of noise.人类对噪音的忍耐力有限。

6 physically   

adj.物质上，体格上，身体上，按自然规律

参考例句：

• He was out of sorts physically,as well as disordered mentally.他浑身不舒服，心绪也很乱。
• Every time I think about it I feel physically sick.一想起那件事我就感到极恶心。

7 mainstream   

n.（思想或行为的）主流；adj.主流的

参考例句：

• Their views lie outside the mainstream of current medical opinion.他们的观点不属于当今医学界观点的主流。
• Polls are still largely reflects the mainstream sentiment.民调还在很大程度上反映了社会主流情绪。

8 racism   

n.民族主义；种族歧视(意识)

参考例句：

• He said that racism is endemic in this country.他说种族主义在该国很普遍。
• Racism causes political instability and violence.种族主义道致政治动荡和暴力事件。

9 relegated   

v.使降级( relegate的过去式和过去分词 )；使降职；转移；把…归类

参考例句：

• She was then relegated to the role of assistant. 随后她被降级做助手了。
• I think that should be relegated to the garbage can of history. 我认为应该把它扔进历史的垃圾箱。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

10 equity   

n.公正，公平，（无固定利息的）股票

参考例句：

• They shared the work of the house with equity.他们公平地分担家务。
• To capture his equity,Murphy must either sell or refinance.要获得资产净值，墨菲必须出售或者重新融资。