时代周刊:新冠病毒如何影响下一代医生(6)

Of course, it will take more than a few lectures to address centuries-old disparities in medical care, particularly because systemic racism¹ has so many tendrils.

当然，要解决医疗保健方面存在了几个世纪的不平等问题，需要的不仅仅是几堂课，尤其是因为系统性的种族主义有太多的枝蔓。

It's not enough to train physicians on implicit² bias³ and cultural sensitivity when Black and Hispanic Americans' health suffers because of effects of poverty and segregation⁴

当黑人和西班牙裔美国人的健康因几个世纪以来的贫困和种族隔离受到影响，

built up over centuries—or when many people from these communities can't afford to become doctors themselves, perpetuating⁵ cycles of mistrust in a heavily white medical system.

或者当这些社区的许多人无法负担成为医生的费用，不信任在一个白人至上的医疗体系中一直持续下去时，仅仅训练医生了解内隐偏见和文化敏感性是不够的。

At most medical schools, the student body looks a lot like the faculty⁶.

在大多数医学院里，学生的身体看起来如同老师。

Together, Black and Hispanic students made up less than 15% of the national medical-student population during the 2019–2020 school year, AAMC data show.

AAMC的数据显示，2019-2020学年，黑人和西班牙裔学生占全美医学生总数的不到15%。

People who identified as American Indian/Alaska Native made up just 0.2%.

美国印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民只占0.2%。

Wealth disparities go a long way toward explaining why: medical-school tuition and fees can easily top $60,000 per year, and the average new doctor graduates with about $200,000 in debt, according to AAMC data.

财富差距是主要原因：根据AAMC的数据，医学院的学杂费轻轻松松就能达到每年6万多美元，而刚毕业的医生平均负债约20万美元。

Before the pandemic, a small but growing group of schools were trying out a way to fix that: offering free or heavily discounted tuition.

在新冠爆发之前，尝试解决这个问题的学校为数不多，但数量在不断增加：提供免费或大幅打折的学费。

NYU permanently⁷ waived⁸ its $55,000 annual tuition in 2018. Geisinger now offers free tuition for students who agree to practice within its health system.

纽约大学在2018年永久性免除了每年5.5万美元的学费。盖辛格现在为同意在其医疗系统内行医的学生提供免费学费。

Kaiser's free tuition offer will go to its first five graduating classes.

凯撒的前五个毕业班将享受免费学费。

The pandemic may accelerate conversations about affordability⁹, especially as financial stress stretches on.

这场新冠可能会加速有关负担能力的讨论，尤其是在金融压力持续扩大的情况下。

Dr. Steven Scheinman, the dean at Geisinger, says a stronger reliance on remote learning could push the school's tuition down over time.

盖辛格学院院长史蒂文·沙因曼博士说，对远程教学的更强依赖久而久之可能会推动学校的学费不断下降。

NYU and about a dozen other U.S. medical schools are also part of a consortium studying

纽约大学和其他十几所美国医学院也是一个联盟的一部分，该联盟研究

how an accelerated medicalschool schedule—three years instead of four—affects learning, student finances, and licensing¹⁰ and placement for new doctors.

加速的医学院时间表——3年而不是4年——如何影响学习、学生财务、新医生的许可和就业。

Cutting a year of school would get doctors out into the field faster, saving them a year of expenses.

缩短一年的学习时间可以让医生更快地投入工作，为他们节省一年的开支。

More than a dozen U.S. medical schools, including NYU and each of the four medical schools in Massachusetts, along with many in the U.K.,

包括纽约大学和马萨诸塞州四所医学院在内的十多所美国医学院，

like the University of Cambridge and Oxford¹¹ University, allowed their students to graduate early last spring to help with the pandemic response.

以及英国剑桥大学和牛津大学等许多大学，都允许他们的学生在去年春天早些时候毕业以帮助应对新冠病毒。

In a worst-case scenario¹², the current, ongoing¹³ spike¹⁴ could necessitate¹⁵ something similar.

在最坏的情况下，当前持续飙升的油价可能需要采取类似的举措。

1 racism   

n.民族主义；种族歧视(意识)

参考例句：

• He said that racism is endemic in this country.他说种族主义在该国很普遍。
• Racism causes political instability and violence.种族主义道致政治动荡和暴力事件。

2 implicit   

a.暗示的，含蓄的，不明晰的，绝对的

参考例句：

• A soldier must give implicit obedience to his officers. 士兵必须绝对服从他的长官。
• Her silence gave implicit consent. 她的沉默表示默许。

3 bias   

n.偏见，偏心，偏袒；vt.使有偏见

参考例句：

• They are accusing the teacher of political bias in his marking.他们在指控那名教师打分数有政治偏见。
• He had a bias toward the plan.他对这项计划有偏见。

4 segregation   

n.隔离，种族隔离

参考例句：

• Many school boards found segregation a hot potato in the early 1960s.在60年代初，许多学校部门都觉得按水平分班是一个棘手的问题。
• They were tired to death of segregation and of being kicked around.他们十分厌恶种族隔离和总是被人踢来踢去。

5 perpetuating   

perpetuate的现在进行式

参考例句：

• Revenge leads to a self-perpetuating cycle of violence. 怨怨相报会导致永不休止的暴力。
• It'set out to eradicate heresy, and ended by perpetuating it. 它的目的只是要根除异端邪说，结果却巩固了异端邪说。 来自英汉文学

6 faculty   

n.才能；学院，系；(学院或系的)全体教学人员

参考例句：

• He has a great faculty for learning foreign languages.他有学习外语的天赋。
• He has the faculty of saying the right thing at the right time.他有在恰当的时候说恰当的话的才智。

7 permanently   

adv.永恒地，永久地，固定不变地

参考例句：

• The accident left him permanently scarred.那次事故给他留下了永久的伤疤。
• The ship is now permanently moored on the Thames in London.该船现在永久地停泊在伦敦泰晤士河边。

8 waived   

v.宣布放弃( waive的过去式和过去分词 )；搁置；推迟；放弃（权利、要求等）

参考例句：

• He has waived all claim to the money. 他放弃了索取这笔钱的权利。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• I waived the discourse, and began to talk of my business. 我撇开了这个话题，开始讲我的事情。 来自辞典例句

9 affordability   

可购性

参考例句：

• Performance-Based Logistics Affordability: Can We Afford Categorical Conversion to Performance-Based Acquisition? 基于性能的后期的可承受性：能否担负得起向基于性能的采办的无条件的转变？
• There would be no crisis of affordability, as't for food or clothing. 就想食物与服装一样，因为供给没有危机。

10 licensing   

v.批准，许可，颁发执照( license的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• A large part of state regulation consists of occupational licensing. 大部分州的管理涉及行业的特许批准。 来自英汉非文学 - 行政法
• That licensing procedures for projects would move faster. 这样的工程批准程序一定会加快。 来自辞典例句

11 Oxford   

n.牛津（英国城市）

参考例句：

• At present he has become a Professor of Chemistry at Oxford.他现在已是牛津大学的化学教授了。
• This is where the road to Oxford joins the road to London.这是去牛津的路与去伦敦的路的汇合处。

12 scenario   

n.剧本，脚本；概要

参考例句：

• But the birth scenario is not completely accurate.然而分娩脚本并非完全准确的。
• This is a totally different scenario.这是完全不同的剧本。

13 ongoing   

adj.进行中的，前进的

参考例句：

• The problem is ongoing.这个问题尚未解决。
• The issues raised in the report relate directly to Age Concern's ongoing work in this area.报告中提出的问题与“关心老人”组织在这方面正在做的工作有直接的关系。

14 spike   

n.长钉，钉鞋；v.以大钉钉牢，使...失效

参考例句：

• The spike pierced the receipts and held them in order.那个钉子穿过那些收据并使之按顺序排列。
• They'll do anything to spike the guns of the opposition.他们会使出各种手段来挫败对手。

15 necessitate   

v.使成为必要，需要

参考例句：

• Your proposal would necessitate changing our plans.你的提议可能使我们的计划必须变更。
• The conversion will necessitate the complete rebuilding of the interior.转变就必需完善内部重建。