走遍全世界31: Must Every Little Girl Be the Princess? 每个小姑娘都得是公主吗？

摘要：女孩子从小就是在父母、家人的呵护下长大。我们看过各种美丽的童话：灰姑娘、白雪公主、睡美人，童话中的女孩儿，每一个都是那么美丽动人，那么娇嫩，那么纯洁，像一朵最鲜艳的玫瑰花瓣。每个女孩都向往她们的生活，都有自己的公主梦！但是，我们的这种教育方法正确吗？每个女孩儿都是公主吗？本文将对此给出答案。

英语听力原文：

Even though women continue to advance in American society, many little girls still get stuck in a world of fairytale princesses and frilly pink dresses. That does not sit well with journalist Peggy Orenstein, who mused² about her young daughter's obsession³ with Disney princesses and predilection⁴ for the color pink in a New York Times Magazine essay.
在美国社会，虽然妇女们继续取得进步，可是小姑娘们仍然很容易迷恋于童话里的公主和粉红百褶裙。新闻记者佩姬·欧伦史坦不喜欢这种现状，她在纽约时报杂志一篇文章里探讨了她小女儿对迪斯尼童话中公主的迷恋和对粉红色的偏爱。

She reflects on the overwhelming emphasis on this stereotyped⁵ ideal for girls in a new book, "Cinderella Ate My daughter." Orenstein is at war with what she describes as our hyper-feminized girlie-girl consumer culture.
她在一本名为《灰姑娘吃掉了我女儿》的新书中，探讨人们为什么那么强调女孩儿这种程序化了的幻想。欧伦史坦在跟她所说的过度女性化的娇娇女女孩消费文化开战。

"What is marketed to girls is this idea of pink and pretty. It fuses the idea of appearance with innocence,she and then presents the interest in appearance as being evidence of their innocence," she says.
她说：“向女孩推销的是这个粉红和可爱的观念，一种天真无邪的样子。于是女孩儿们就去追求一种证明她们天真的外貌。”

"But what's happening is that girls are emphasizing the way they look more and more. So, we're talking about makeup⁶ and provocative⁷ dresses and all of  that kind of things."
“结果是，女孩们越来越看重自己的相貌。所以，我们就在谈论化妆和具有挑逗性的服饰，诸如此类的东西。”

"The American Psychological Association put out a report a couple of years ago that said that an early over-emphasis on appearance and  play-sexiness can create a vulnerability in girls to the sorts of issues that we as parents worry about such as negative body image, eating disorders⁸, depression and poor sexual choices," she says.
她说：“美国心理学会两三年前公布过一份报告说，早期过分强调相貌和性感容易使女孩在我们家长担心的那种事情上受到了伤害，比如对身体的负面看法、饮食絮乱、忧郁和性行为方面糟糕的选择。”

"The American Academy of Pediatrics just put out a warning to tis member physicians to be more on guard for signs of eating disorders in children under 12 because they've been on the rise and under diagnosed."
“美国儿科学会刚刚对会员医生发出一个警告，要他们注意12岁以下孩子饮食絮乱的现象，因为这种情况有上升趋势，但却很少被诊断出来。”

When girls define themselves by how they appear to others rather than by how they feel internally, Orenstein says, it sets them up for disappointment.
欧伦史坦指出，当女孩们以她们在别人眼中相貌如何而不是以他们内心如何感受来定义自己的时候，她们会因为失望而不安。

At the same time, Orenstein also says parents have the power to raise healthy, self-confident daughters. They can provide positive alternatives that counter the influence of the media to buy certain products and look a certain way.
同时，欧伦史坦也认为，家长们是有能力培养出健康、自信的女儿的。他们能够提供正面的东西，来反制鼓动人们买某些产品和装扮成某种样子的媒体影响。

"It's not good enough just to say ‘no’ to the things coming at you. You have to find other things that are out there that you can say ‘yes’to, that are fun and joyfully⁹ connect your daughter to being a girl, that can broaden and enhance and create options for your daughter and how she defines herself as a girl."
她说：“向冲着你来的东西说‘不’是不够的。你还得找到你可以说‘是’的东西来，即那些有趣而且能把你的女儿愉快地跟做女孩联系起来的东西，让她有更多更好的选择。”

英语词汇整理：

1. fairytale adj. 童话式的；童话中才有的

eg: Have you seen those amazing buildings that look like fairytale castles?
你看到那些像童话城堡一样的壮观建筑了么？

短语：
fairytale success 出人意料的好结果
fairytale town 童话城；童话村
fairytale Records 出版者

2. frilly adj. 镶褶边的；多饰边的

eg: The little girl wore a frilly party dress.
那个小女孩穿着一件有饰边的社交礼服。

短语：
frilly chair 餐椅
frilly mushrooms 褶边蘑菇
frilly lilly 一份香甜的礼物

3. muse¹ vt. 沉思

eg: She has mused that question once more.
她已经又一次仔细思考了那个问题。

短语：
muse on 沉思，默想
muse over 沉思，冥想，缅怀

4. obsession n. 强迫观念；痴迷

eg: She would try to forget her obsession with Christopher.
她会试图忘掉她对克里斯托弗的迷恋。

短语：
obsessional¹⁰ neurosis 强迫性神经官能症，强迫性神经机能病
unhealthy obsession 走火入魔
child obsession 儿童强迫症

5. predilection n. 偏爱，嗜好

eg: He has a predilection for rich food.
他偏好油腻的食物。

短语：
have a predilection for... 特别爱好……
predilection delectable¹¹ 令人伤心悦目的

6. overwhelming adj. 压倒性的；势不可挡的

eg: Our football team has won an overwhelming victory.
我们的足球队取得了压倒性的胜利。

短语：
overwhelming superiority 绝对优势
overwhelming majority 压倒性多数
overwhelming odds¹² 压倒性胜算
overwhelming Power 抗拒之力
 
7. provocative adj. 刺激的，挑拨的

eg: She said nothing particularly provocative.
她没有说过特别够刺激性的话。

短语：
provocative factor 激发因子
provocative dose 激发剂量
provocative implications 挑衅性的影响；挑衅问题

8. vulnerability n. 易损性；弱点

eg: They complain that big firms in rich countries are exploiting their vulnerability.
他们抱怨，富裕国家的大公司正在利用他们的弱点。

短语：
vulnerability analysis 脆弱性分析；弱点分析
social vulnerability 社会脆弱性
target vulnerability 目标脆弱性；目标要害
fiscal¹³ vulnerability 财政脆弱度

9. depression n. 沮丧；忧愁

eg: I slid into a depression and became morbidly¹⁴ fascinated with death.
我陷入消沉，开始对死亡有种病态的迷恋。

短语：
fall into a (deep)depression 变得意志消沉，精神沮丧
ground depression 地面塌陷
secondary depression 副低压；副低气压

10. diagnose vt. 诊断；断定

eg: The doctor diagnosed the illness as influenza¹⁵.
医生诊断此病为流行感冒。

短语：
diagnose with 确诊患有
diagnose disease 诊断疾病
prenatal diagnose 产前

11. internally adv. 内部地；国内地

eg: The state is not a unified¹⁶ and internally coherent entity¹⁷.
该国不是一个统一的、内部团结的实体。

短语：
internally focused 以内部为焦点
internally controlled 内控的

12. enhance vt. 提高；增加

eg: The White House is eager to protect and enhance that reputation.
白宫急于保护并提高那声望。

短语：
enhance one's vigilance 提高警惕
enhance damage 增强伤害

佳句采摘：
The American Psychological Association pput out a report a couple of years ago that said that an early over-emphasis on appearance and  play-sexiness can create a vulnerability in girls to the sorts of issues that we as parents worry about such as negative body image, eating disorders, depression and poor sexual choices
美国心理使学会两三年前公布过一份报告说，早期过分强调相貌和性感容易女孩在我们家长担心的那种事情上受到伤害，比如对身体的负面看法、饮食絮乱、忧郁和性行为方面糟糕的选择。
 

1 muse   

n.缪斯（希腊神话中的女神），创作灵感

参考例句：

• His muse had deserted him,and he could no longer write.他已无灵感，不能再写作了。
• Many of the papers muse on the fate of the President.很多报纸都在揣测总统的命运。

2 mused   

v.沉思，冥想( muse的过去式和过去分词 )；沉思自语说（某事）

参考例句：

• \"I wonder if I shall ever see them again, \"he mused. “我不知道是否还可以再见到他们，”他沉思自问。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• \"Where are we going from here?\" mused one of Rutherford's guests. 卢瑟福的一位客人忍不住说道：‘我们这是在干什么？” 来自英汉非文学 - 科学史

3 obsession   

n.困扰，无法摆脱的思想(或情感)

参考例句：

• I was suffering from obsession that my career would be ended.那时的我陷入了我的事业有可能就此终止的困扰当中。
• She would try to forget her obsession with Christopher.她会努力忘记对克里斯托弗的迷恋。

4 predilection   

n.偏好

参考例句：

• He has a predilection for rich food.他偏好油腻的食物。
• Charles has always had a predilection for red-haired women.查尔斯对红头发女人一直有偏爱。

5 stereotyped   

adj.(指形象、思想、人物等)模式化的

参考例句：

• There is a sameness about all these tales. They're so stereotyped -- all about talented scholars and lovely ladies. 这些书就是一套子，左不过是些才子佳人，最没趣儿。
• He is the stereotyped monster of the horror films and the adventure books, and an obvious (though not perhaps strictly scientific) link with our ancestral past. 它们是恐怖电影和惊险小说中的老一套的怪物，并且与我们的祖先有着明显的（虽然可能没有科学的）联系。

6 makeup   

n.组织；性格；化装品

参考例句：

• Those who failed the exam take a makeup exam.这次考试不及格的人必须参加补考。
• Do you think her beauty could makeup for her stupidity?你认为她的美丽能弥补她的愚蠢吗？

7 provocative   

adj.挑衅的，煽动的，刺激的，挑逗的

参考例句：

• She wore a very provocative dress.她穿了一件非常性感的裙子。
• His provocative words only fueled the argument further.他的挑衅性讲话只能使争论进一步激化。

8 disorders   

n.混乱( disorder的名词复数 )；凌乱；骚乱；（身心、机能）失调

参考例句：

• Reports of anorexia and other eating disorders are on the increase. 据报告，厌食症和其他饮食方面的功能紊乱发生率正在不断增长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The announcement led to violent civil disorders. 这项宣布引起剧烈的骚乱。 来自《简明英汉词典》

9 joyfully   

adv. 喜悦地, 高兴地

参考例句：

• She tripped along joyfully as if treading on air. 她高兴地走着，脚底下轻飘飘的。
• During these first weeks she slaved joyfully. 在最初的几周里，她干得很高兴。

10 obsessional   

adj.摆脱不了的

参考例句：

• She is obsessional about cleanliness. 她有洁癖。
• Obsessional personalities commonly ruminate excessively about death. 有强迫症的人通常过多地思考死亡的问题。 来自辞典例句

11 delectable   

adj.使人愉快的；美味的

参考例句：

• What delectable food you cook!你做的食品真好吃！
• But today the delectable seafood is no longer available in abundance.但是今天这种可口的海味已不再大量存在。

12 odds   

n.让步，机率，可能性，比率；胜败优劣之别

参考例句：

• The odds are 5 to 1 that she will win.她获胜的机会是五比一。
• Do you know the odds of winning the lottery once?你知道赢得一次彩票的几率多大吗？

13 fiscal   

adj.财政的，会计的，国库的，国库岁入的

参考例句：

• The increase of taxation is an important fiscal policy.增税是一项重要的财政政策。
• The government has two basic strategies of fiscal policy available.政府有两个可行的财政政策基本战略。

14 morbidly   

adv.病态地

参考例句：

• As a result, the mice became morbidly obese and diabetic. 结果，老鼠呈现为病态肥胖和糖尿病。 来自互联网
• He was morbidly fascinated by dead bodies. 他对尸体着魔到近乎病态的程度。 来自互联网

15 influenza   

n.流行性感冒，流感

参考例句：

• They took steps to prevent the spread of influenza.他们采取措施
• Influenza is an infectious disease.流感是一种传染病。

16 unified   

(unify 的过去式和过去分词)； 统一的； 统一标准的； 一元化的

参考例句：

• The teacher unified the answer of her pupil with hers. 老师核对了学生的答案。
• The First Emperor of Qin unified China in 221 B.C. 秦始皇于公元前221年统一中国。

17 entity   

n.实体，独立存在体，实际存在物

参考例句：

• The country is no longer one political entity.这个国家不再是一个统一的政治实体了。
• As a separate legal entity,the corporation must pay taxes.作为一个独立的法律实体，公司必须纳税。