世界500强CEO访谈 第48期:微软集团史蒂夫鲍尔 为我们的成就骄傲(2)

 　　Reporter: Given the broad scope of many CS/MIS programs at leading universities around the United States, what do you believe are the essential disciplines students should learn to be successful in today’s global environment?

　　记者：考虑到现在很多美国顶级高校的CS/MIS项目都得到广泛的推广，您认为，要想在今天的这种全球化的环境中取得成功，学校里的那些学生们必须要学习的学科有什么呢？

　　Ballmer: So much of the key work happening today is around distributed web services—working with data and services that are distributed across locations. If CS/MIS students want to have an active role in that space, they need to be learning about databases and networking. Hopefully somewhere in their coursework in those areas they will also get a solid background in XML. An absolute necessity is to learn basic principles of building trustworthy systems-such as how to write secure code, and how to model potential attacks on a system so that you can anticipate them and build in resistance to those attacks. This is an area where we are actively¹ partnering with leading computer science programs to create new and updated courses that do a good job of teaching this. User interface² design is another area that is super important. As computers have made their way into the hands of a more diverse population, and form factors continue to evolve, designing user interfaces³ that deliver a great experience for customers has become more challenging. It’s truly interdisciplinary; it requires not only programmers, but also graphic⁴ designers, writers, usability experts, domain⁵ area experts, and often people with backgrounds in psychology⁶, anthropology⁷, ethnography, sociology, and other areas within the social sciences. As computing⁸ becomes an increasingly integral part of all the sciences and many social sciences, we’re seeing that students in those disciplines are also finding great value in taking computer classes. Cornell, for example, even goes as far as to embrace computer science classes as part of the core degree programs in other sciences. That’s a huge change, but one that shines light on the huge potential of computing to change the way we work and live—for the better.

　　鲍尔默：现在很多关键工作都是有关于网络服务的，人们从事分布在不同地方的数据和网络服务的工作。如果CS/MIS项目的学生想要在这一方面发挥积极作用的话，他们需要学习数据库和联网。希望在他们的课程学习过程中，他们也能够在XML方面奠定坚实的基础。绝对有必要学习的还有建立可靠系统的基本原理，比如说怎样写安全码，怎样模仿潜在的对系统的攻击好在攻击发生之前行动，抵制那些攻击。这也是我们与领先的计算机科学项目进行合作的领域，用于在这方面开设新的先进的课程，使学生能够很好地学习到这些。用户界面设计也是一个很重要的领域。随着越来越多的人开始拥有并使用计算机，计算机的外形因素不断发展，因此设计用户界面以给顾客们带来很好的视觉效果就变得越来越具有挑战性。这的确是跨学科的，它不仅要求计算机程序员，也要求美术设计员、作家、可用性专家，领域专家，以及有心理学、人类学、人种论、社会学和其他社会科学领域经验的专业人士的共同努力。随着计算机运作已经逐渐成为所有的科学和很多的社会科学领域不可或缺的一部分，我们发现科学和社会科学领域的学生也看到了学习计算机的价值和重要性。比方说，康奈尔大学已经将计算机科学作为其他科学的一个核心学位课程。那是一个巨大的改变，但是那有助于发挥计算机领域的全部潜力，它能够改变我们生活和学习的方式，朝着更好的方向发展。

　　Reporter: How do you feel the Microsoft Most Valuable Professional (MVP) program has impacted Microsoft customers and technical communities worldwide?

　　记者：您认为微软最有价值专家项目给微软的顾客以及全世界的技术领域带来了怎样的影响呢？

1 actively   

adv.积极地，勤奋地

参考例句：

• During this period all the students were actively participating.在这节课中所有的学生都积极参加。
• We are actively intervening to settle a quarrel.我们正在积极调解争执。

2 interface   

n.接合部位，分界面；v.(使)互相联系

参考例句：

• My computer has a network interface,which allows me to get to other computers.我的计算机有网络接口可以与其它计算机连在一起。
• This program has perspicuous interface and extensive application. 该程序界面明了，适用范围广。

3 interfaces   

界面( interface的名词复数 )； 接口（连接两装置的电路，可使数据从一种代码转换成另一种代码）； 交界； 联系

参考例句：

• If the class needs to be reprogrammed, new interfaces are created. 如果class需要重新程序设计，新的interfaces创建。
• Interfaces solve this problem of evolving code. Interfaces解决了代码升级的问题。

4 graphic   

adj.生动的，形象的，绘画的，文字的，图表的

参考例句：

• The book gave a graphic description of the war.这本书生动地描述了战争的情况。
• Distinguish important text items in lists with graphic icons.用图标来区分重要的文本项。

5 domain   

n.(活动等)领域，范围；领地，势力范围

参考例句：

• This information should be in the public domain.这一消息应该为公众所知。
• This question comes into the domain of philosophy.这一问题属于哲学范畴。

6 psychology   

n.心理，心理学，心理状态

参考例句：

• She has a background in child psychology.她受过儿童心理学的教育。
• He studied philosophy and psychology at Cambridge.他在剑桥大学学习哲学和心理学。

7 anthropology   

n.人类学

参考例句：

• I believe he has started reading up anthropology.我相信他已开始深入研究人类学。
• Social anthropology is centrally concerned with the diversity of culture.社会人类学主要关于文化多样性。

8 computing   

n.计算

参考例句：

• to work in computing 从事信息处理
• Back in the dark ages of computing, in about 1980, they started a software company. 早在计算机尚未普及的时代（约1980年），他们就创办了软件公司。