舌尖上的中国第1季 第39期:转化的灵感(13)

 The small grains among the hypha are spores¹, an indication that the hairy tofu has matured. 菌丝间细小的颗粒是散落的孢子，那是毛豆腐成熟的标志。

The clever Chinese are proficient² in using micro-organisms. 聪明的中国人对这些微小生物的运用得心应手。

In fact, the wisdom of transformation³ sparkled early in ancient times. 事实上，这种转化的智慧在更为久远的年代里就已经炤炤生辉了。

Wine is probably the earliest case of how people transformed food with micro-organisms. 酒，应该是人们利用微生物进行食物转化的最早的案例了。

Huangjiu, literally⁴ meaning yellow wine brewed⁵ from rice, is one of the oldest wines in the world. 用稻米酿出的黄酒是世界上最古老的酒类之一。

It's the morning of Lidong, the start of winter, Shaoxing, Zhejiang it has started to drizzle⁷ in Shaoxing. 立冬的清晨，浙江，绍兴市绍兴的天空开始下起小雨。

It's a good sign for winemakers. 这对酿酒师傅们来说，是个好征兆。

Yeast⁸ favors the long but mild coldness of winter in Jiangnan, south of the lower Yangtze Valley. 酵母菌喜欢江南冬季这种绵长而又不剧烈的冷。

The winemakers go in and out of the wine workshop, getting ready for tributes at the sacrifice. 在酒厂的老车间里，师傅们进进出出准备着祭祀用的贡品。

This is the day to worship the god of wine. No one dares to slight it. 今天是请酒神的日子，没有人怠慢。

Even the best winemaker can't ensure he can brew⁶ the best wine every year due to the capricious weather, wind, air and fungi⁹. 即便是最好的酿酒师傅也无法保证年年都能酿出好酒，因为有捉摸不定的天，风，空气还有菌。

Every year, the sacrifice is for the winemakers to show their reverence¹⁰ for nature. 每一年的仪式都是酿酒师们对自然表达的一种尊重。

Winter brewing¹¹ is about to begin in Shaoxing. 绍兴的黄酒冬酿即将开始。

Also located in the Guyue region, Xiuning of Anhui is on the same latitude¹² as Shaoxing. 和绍兴处在同一纬度线上同属古越地区的安徽省休宁县。

73-year-old Cheng Jinshun is busy brewing home-made glutinous¹³ rice wine. 73岁的程进顺也在忙着酿造自家的糯米酒。

1 spores   

n.（细菌、苔藓、蕨类植物）孢子( spore的名词复数 )v.（细菌、苔藓、蕨类植物）孢子( spore的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• Ferns, mosses and fungi spread by means of spores. 蕨类植物、苔藓和真菌通过孢子传播蔓生。
• Spores form a lipid membrane during the process of reproducing. 孢于在生殖过程中形成类脂膜。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 预防生物武器

2 proficient   

adj.熟练的，精通的；n.能手，专家

参考例句：

• She is proficient at swimming.她精通游泳。
• I think I'm quite proficient in both written and spoken English.我认为我在英语读写方面相当熟练。

3 transformation   

n.变化；改造；转变

参考例句：

• Going to college brought about a dramatic transformation in her outlook.上大学使她的观念发生了巨大的变化。
• He was struggling to make the transformation from single man to responsible husband.他正在努力使自己由单身汉变为可靠的丈夫。

4 literally   

adv.照字面意义，逐字地；确实

参考例句：

• He translated the passage literally.他逐字逐句地翻译这段文字。
• Sometimes she would not sit down till she was literally faint.有时候，她不走到真正要昏厥了，决不肯坐下来。

5 brewed   

调制( brew的过去式和过去分词 )； 酝酿； 沏（茶）； 煮（咖啡）

参考例句：

• The beer is brewed in the Czech Republic. 这种啤酒是在捷克共和国酿造的。
• The boy brewed a cup of coffee for his mother. 这男孩给他妈妈冲了一杯咖啡。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 brew   

v.酿造，调制

参考例句：

• Let's brew up some more tea.咱们沏些茶吧。
• The policeman dispelled the crowd lest they should brew trouble.警察驱散人群，因恐他们酿祸。

7 drizzle   

v.下毛毛雨；n.毛毛雨，蒙蒙细雨

参考例句：

• The shower tailed off into a drizzle.阵雨越来越小，最后变成了毛毛雨。
• Yesterday the radio forecast drizzle,and today it is indeed raining.昨天预报有小雨，今天果然下起来了。

8 yeast   

n.酵母；酵母片；泡沫；v.发酵；起泡沫

参考例句：

• Yeast can be used in making beer and bread.酵母可用于酿啤酒和发面包。
• The yeast began to work.酵母开始发酵。

9 fungi   

n.真菌，霉菌

参考例句：

• Students practice to apply the study of genetics to multicellular plants and fungi.学生们练习把基因学应用到多细胞植物和真菌中。
• The lawn was covered with fungi.草地上到处都是蘑菇。

10 reverence   

n.敬畏，尊敬，尊严；Reverence:对某些基督教神职人员的尊称；v.尊敬，敬畏，崇敬

参考例句：

• He was a bishop who was held in reverence by all.他是一位被大家都尊敬的主教。
• We reverence tradition but will not be fettered by it.我们尊重传统，但不被传统所束缚。

11 brewing   

n. 酿造, 一次酿造的量 动词brew的现在分词形式

参考例句：

• It was obvious that a big storm was brewing up. 很显然，一场暴风雨正在酝酿中。
• She set about brewing some herb tea. 她动手泡一些药茶。

12 latitude   

n.纬度，行动或言论的自由(范围)，(pl.)地区

参考例句：

• The latitude of the island is 20 degrees south.该岛的纬度是南纬20度。
• The two cities are at approximately the same latitude.这两个城市差不多位于同一纬度上。

13 glutinous   

adj.粘的，胶状的

参考例句：

• The sauce was glutinous and tasted artificial.这种酱有些黏，尝起来不是非常地道。
• The coat covering the soft candies is made from glutinous rice.包裹软糖的江米纸是由糯米做成的。