异类之不一样的成功启示录 第147期:以倾听者为导向的国家文化

 　　"Today, weather radar¹ has helped us a lot," he says. Weather radar has helped us a lot?

　　“今天，气候雷达对我们提供了很大帮助。”他说。气候雷达对我们提供了很大帮助？

　　A second hint from the flight deck. What the engineer means is just what the first officer meant.

　　这是机组人员所作的第二个暗示。飞行工程师所说的正是副驾所提到的。

　　This isn't a night where you can rely on just your eyes to land a plane.Look at what the weather radar is telling us.There is trouble ahead.

　　“今天晚上不适合进行目测着陆，天气雷达的监测告诉我们：前面有危险。”

　　To western ears, it seems strange the flight engineer would bring this subject up just once.

　　在西方人听来，在这个时候谈论这个话题是件很奇怪的事。

　　Western communication has what linguists² call a "transmitter orientation"—that is, it is considered the responsibility of the speaker to communicate ideas clearly and unambiguously.

　　语言学家称西方人的沟通为“以说话人为导向”——这意味着清楚并准确地表达想法是说话者的责任。

　　Even in the tragic³ case of the Air Florida crash, with a first officer never does more than a hint about the danger opposed by the ice, he stills hints four times, phrasing his comments four separate ways in an attempt to make his meaning clear.

　　尽管在佛罗里达坠机事件的悲剧中，副驾没有直接讲出被冰覆盖是件危险的事，但是他仍然暗示了四次，用四种不同的方式表达了他的意见，试图清楚地表达出自己的看法。

　　He may have been constrained⁴ by the power distance between himself and the captain, but he was still operating within a western cultural context, which holds that if there is confusion, it is the fault of the speaker.

　　他可能受制于他与机长之间的权利距离，但是他毕竟是处于西方文化环境中，因此如果发言会让人误解，那这就是说话者的失误。

　　But Korea, like many Asian countries, is receiver oriented. It's up to the listener to make sense of what is being said.

　　在韩国，像其他亚洲国家一样，是以倾听者为导向的国家文化，他们倾向于去倾听理解对方所说的事物。

　　In the engineer's mind, he has said a lot.

　　在工程师眼里，他已经说得够多了。

　　Ho-min Sohn gives the following conversation as an illustration, an exchange which's between an employee, Mr Kim, and his boss, a division chief.

　　候名松提供了下面一段对话作为例子，这是发生在雇员金先生和他的老板，一位部门主管之间的一段对话：

　　Division chief: It's cold and I'm kind of hungry.What that means, Sohn sais is, why don't you buy a drink or something to eat?

　　主管：我感到又冷又饿。(意思：你为什么不给我买点喝的或是吃的？)

　　Mr. Kim: How about a glass of liquor?Meaning: I will buy liquor for you.

　　金先生：来杯饮料怎么样？(意思：我给你买杯饮料。)

　　Division chief: It's ok. Don't bother. Meaning: I'd accept your offer if you repeat it.

　　主管：没事，不要麻烦了。(意思：如果你坚持的话我就接受了。)

　　Mr Kim: You must be hungry. How about going out? Meaning: I insist on treating you.

　　金先生：你一定是饿了，出去吃怎么样？(意思：我坚持请你。)

　　Division chief: Shall I do so? Meaning: I accept.

　　主管：有这个必要吗？(意思：好吧。)

1 radar   

n.雷达，无线电探测器

参考例句：

• They are following the flight of an aircraft by radar.他们正在用雷达追踪一架飞机的飞行。
• Enemy ships were detected on the radar.敌舰的影像已显现在雷达上。

2 linguists   

n.通晓数国语言的人( linguist的名词复数 )；语言学家

参考例句：

• The linguists went to study tribal languages in the field. 语言学家们去实地研究部落语言了。 来自辞典例句
• The linguists' main interest has been to analyze and describe languages. 语言学家的主要兴趣一直在于分析并描述语言。 来自辞典例句

3 tragic   

adj.悲剧的，悲剧性的，悲惨的

参考例句：

• The effect of the pollution on the beaches is absolutely tragic.污染海滩后果可悲。
• Charles was a man doomed to tragic issues.查理是个注定不得善终的人。

4 constrained   

adj.束缚的,节制的

参考例句：

• The evidence was so compelling that he felt constrained to accept it. 证据是那样的令人折服，他觉得不得不接受。
• I feel constrained to write and ask for your forgiveness. 我不得不写信请你原谅。