异类之不一样的成功启示录 第146期:韩国的严格等级观念

 　　The Korean language has no less than six different levels of conversational¹ address,depending on their relationship between the addressee and the addressor: formal deference², informal deference, blunt, familiar, intimate and plain.

　　在韩语中，根据不同的场合以及谈话的对象，共有六种不同程度的谈话方式。根据讲话者和听话者的关系分为：正式敬语、非正式敬语、陌生人的交流语、熟悉人的套话、亲密用语和普通用语。

　　The first officer would not have dared to use one of the more intimate or familiar forms when he addressed the captain.

　　当他对机长讲话时，他不敢采用任何表示亲密或熟悉的语体。

　　This is a cultural in which enormous attention has paid to the relative standing³ of any two people in a conversation.

　　通过谈话来确认两个人之间的相互关系是文化中最需要重视的部分。

　　The Korean linguist⁴ Ho-min himself writes:

　　韩国语言学家候名松（Ho-min Sohn）写道：

　　At a dinner table, a lower ranking person must wait until a higher ranking person sits down and starts eating, while the revers does not hold true;

　　在餐桌上，晚辈或下级必须等长辈坐下开始就餐以后才可以开始。

　　one does not smoke in the presence of a social superior;

　　下级不可以在上级面前抽烟。

　　when drinking with a social superior, the subordinate hides his glass and turns away from a superior;

　　当与上级喝酒的时候，下级必须把杯子藏起来并在喝酒时将脸转向侧面……

　　...in greeting a social superior (though not an inferior) a Korean must bow;

　　下级问候上级时必须鞠躬；

　　a Korean must rise when an obvious social superior appears on the scene, and he cannot pass in front of an obvious social superior.

　　当遇见上级或上级出现在某种场合时，下级必须站立，且不可以在上级面前走过。

　　All social behavior and actions are conducted in the order of seniority of ranking;as the saying goes, there is order even to drinking cold water.

　　所有的社会礼仪和行为，都与人们的社会地位和资历息息相关。在说话时，正如韩国人说的，在喝凉水时，都应该是有顺序的。

　　So, when the first officer says, "don't you think it rains more in this area, here?"

　　因此，当副驾说，这里是不是下雨了？

　　we know what he means by that: he means, captain.You have committed us to a visual approach, with no back up plan, and the weather outside is terrible.

　　我们知道他的意思是说“机长，你要求执行目测着陆，又没有备选方案，并且外面的天气如此糟糕，

　　You think the way we'll break out the clouds in time to see the runway, but what if we don't?

　　你认为我们可以及时穿越云层看到跑道。但是如果我们失败了呢？

　　It's pitch-black outside and pouring rain, and the glide⁵ scope is going down.

　　外面漆黑又下着大雨，跑道射灯又关掉了。”

　　But he can't say that.He hints, and in his mind, he said as much as he can to a superior.

　　但是他没有讲出来，他做了暗示，并且在他的想法中，他已经向上级讲了一个下级能对上级所说的最多的话。

　　The first officer wouldn't mention the weather again.

　　副驾因此再没有提及天气。

　　It is just after that moment that the plane, briefly⁶, breaks out of the clouds, and off in distance the pilots see lights.

　　这个时候飞机刚突破云层，机长看到了远方的灯光。

　　"Is it Guam?" the flight engineer asks. Then, after a pause, he says, "It's Guam, Guam."

　　飞行工程师问道：“那是关岛吗？”在稍作停顿后，他说道：“那是关岛，关岛。”

　　The captain chuckles⁷. "Good!" But it isn't good. It's an illusion.

　　机长边笑边说：“好。”但事实上，情况并不好，那只是幻觉。

　　They've come out of the clouds for a moment.But they're still 20 miles from the airport, and there's an enormous amount of bad weather still ahead of them.

　　他们刚刚穿过云层，但是他们距离机场还有20英里，并且等待他们的气候状况不容乐观。

　　The flight engineer knows this, because it is his responsibility to track the weather, so now he decides to speak up.

　　飞行工程师了解这一切，因为他的职责是监测气候状况。因此现在他决定讲出来。

1 conversational   

adj.对话的，会话的

参考例句：

• The article is written in a conversational style.该文是以对话的形式写成的。
• She values herself on her conversational powers.她常夸耀自己的能言善辩。

2 deference   

n.尊重，顺从；敬意

参考例句：

• Do you treat your parents and teachers with deference?你对父母师长尊敬吗？
• The major defect of their work was deference to authority.他们的主要缺陷是趋从权威。

3 standing   

n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的

参考例句：

• After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
• They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。

4 linguist   

n.语言学家；精通数种外国语言者

参考例句：

• I used to be a linguist till I become a writer.过去我是个语言学家，后来成了作家。
• Professor Cui has a high reputation as a linguist.崔教授作为语言学家名声很高。

5 glide   

n./v.溜，滑行；(时间)消逝

参考例句：

• We stood in silence watching the snake glide effortlessly.我们噤若寒蝉地站着，眼看那条蛇逍遥自在地游来游去。
• So graceful was the ballerina that she just seemed to glide.那芭蕾舞女演员翩跹起舞，宛如滑翔。

6 briefly   

adv.简单地，简短地

参考例句：

• I want to touch briefly on another aspect of the problem.我想简单地谈一下这个问题的另一方面。
• He was kidnapped and briefly detained by a terrorist group.他被一个恐怖组织绑架并短暂拘禁。

7 chuckles   

轻声地笑( chuckle的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Father always chuckles when he reads the funny papers. 父亲在读幽默报纸时总是低声发笑。
• [Chuckles] You thought he was being poisoned by hemlock? 你觉得他中的会是芹叶钩吻毒吗？