万物简史 第107期:势不两立的科学(8)

 So by the early years of the nineteenth century, fossils had taken on a certain inescapable importance, which makes Wistar's failure to see the significance of his dinosaur¹ bone all the more unfortunate. Suddenly, in any case, bones were turning up all over. Several other opportunities arose for Americans to claim the discovery of dinosaurs² but all were wasted.

因此，到19世纪初，化石势必具有了某种重要性。威斯塔就显得更不幸了，竟然没有看到恐龙骨的意义。无论如何，这类骨头在世界各地相继发现。又有了几个机会让美国人来宣布发现了恐龙，但这些机会都没有抓住。

In 1806 the Lewis and Clark expedition passed through the Hell Creek³ formation in Montana, an area where fossil hunters would later literally⁴ trip over dinosaur bones, and even examined what was clearly a dinosaur bone embedded⁵ in rock, but failed to make anything of it.

1806年，刘易斯和克拉克的考察队穿越蒙大拿的黑尔沟岩组。在这个地方，实际上他们脚底下恐龙骨比比皆是，他们还发现一样东西嵌在岩石里，显然是恐龙骨，但没有把它当一回事。

Other bones and fossilized footprints were found in the Connecticut River Valley of New England after a farm boy named Plinus Moody⁶ spied ancient tracks on a rock ledge⁷ at South Hadley, Massachusetts. Some of these at least survive—notably the bones of an Anchisaurus, which are in the collection of the Peabody Museum at Yale.

在新英格兰，有个名叫普利纳斯·穆迪的男孩子在马萨诸塞州南哈德利的一处岩架上发现了古老的足迹；之后，又有人在康涅狄格河谷发现了骨头和足迹的化石。至少其中有一些留存至今——令人注目的是一头安琪龙的骨头——现在由耶鲁大学的皮博迪博物馆收藏。

Found in 1818, they were the first dinosaur bones to be examined and saved, but unfortunately weren't recognized for what they were until 1855. In that same year, 1818, Caspar Wistar died, but he did gain a certain unexpected immortality⁸ when a botanist⁹ named Thomas Nuttall named a delightful¹⁰ climbing shrub¹¹ after him. Some botanical purists still insist on spelling it wistaria.

这批恐龙骨发现于1818年，是第一批经过检验和保存下来的恐龙骨，不幸的是，1855年之前无人识货。那一年，卡斯珀·威斯塔去世。不过，威斯塔没有想到的是，植物学家托马斯·纳特尔以他的名字命名了一种可爱的攀附灌木，这倒使威斯塔在一定意义上获得了永生。植物界有的纯粹主义者迄今仍然坚持把这类植物的名字写作“威斯塔里亚”。

1 dinosaur   

n.恐龙

参考例句：

• Are you trying to tell me that David was attacked by a dinosaur?你是想要告诉我大卫被一支恐龙所攻击？
• He stared at the faithful miniature of the dinosaur.他凝视著精确的恐龙缩小模型。

2 dinosaurs   

n.恐龙( dinosaur的名词复数 )；守旧落伍的人，过时落后的东西

参考例句：

• The brontosaurus was one of the largest of all dinosaurs. 雷龙是所有恐龙中最大的一种。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Dinosaurs have been extinct for millions of years. 恐龙绝种已有几百万年了。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 creek   

n.小溪，小河，小湾

参考例句：

• He sprang through the creek.他跳过小河。
• People sunbathe in the nude on the rocks above the creek.人们在露出小溪的岩石上裸体晒日光浴。

4 literally   

adv.照字面意义，逐字地；确实

参考例句：

• He translated the passage literally.他逐字逐句地翻译这段文字。
• Sometimes she would not sit down till she was literally faint.有时候，她不走到真正要昏厥了，决不肯坐下来。

5 embedded   

a.扎牢的

参考例句：

• an operation to remove glass that was embedded in his leg 取出扎入他腿部玻璃的手术
• He has embedded his name in the minds of millions of people. 他的名字铭刻在数百万人民心中。

6 moody   

adj.心情不稳的，易怒的，喜怒无常的

参考例句：

• He relapsed into a moody silence.他又重新陷于忧郁的沉默中。
• I'd never marry that girl.She's so moody.我决不会和那女孩结婚的。她太易怒了。

7 ledge   

n.壁架，架状突出物；岩架，岩礁

参考例句：

• They paid out the line to lower him to the ledge.他们放出绳子使他降到那块岩石的突出部分。
• Suddenly he struck his toe on a rocky ledge and fell.突然他的脚趾绊在一块突出的岩石上，摔倒了。

8 immortality   

n.不死，不朽

参考例句：

• belief in the immortality of the soul 灵魂不灭的信念
• It was like having immortality while you were still alive. 仿佛是当你仍然活着的时候就得到了永生。

9 botanist   

n.植物学家

参考例句：

• The botanist introduced a new species of plant to the region.那位植物学家向该地区引入了一种新植物。
• I had never talked with a botanist before,and I found him fascinating.我从没有接触过植物学那一类的学者，我觉得他说话极有吸引力。

10 delightful   

adj.令人高兴的，使人快乐的

参考例句：

• We had a delightful time by the seashore last Sunday.上星期天我们在海滨玩得真痛快。
• Peter played a delightful melody on his flute.彼得用笛子吹奏了一支欢快的曲子。

11 shrub   

n.灌木，灌木丛

参考例句：

• There is a small evergreen shrub on the hillside.山腰上有一小块常绿灌木丛。
• Moving a shrub is best done in early spring.移植灌木最好是在初春的时候。