万物简史 第178期:爱因斯坦的宇宙(21)

 　　Coincidentally, at about the time that Einstein was affixing¹ a cosmological constant to his theory, at the Lowell Observatory² in Arizona, an astronomer³ with the cheerily intergalactic name of Vesto Slipher (who was in fact from Indiana) was taking spectrographic readings of distant stars and discovering that they appeared to be moving away from us.

　　说来也巧，大约就在爱因斯坦为自己的理论添上一个常数的时候，在亚利桑那州的洛厄尔天文台，有一位天文学家在记录远方恒星的光谱图上的读数，发现恒星好像在离我们远去。

　　宇宙

　　The universe wasn’t static. The stars Slipher looked at showed unmistakable signs of a Doppler shift 5 —the same mechanism⁴ behind that distinctive⁵ stretched-out yee-yummm sound cars make as they flash past on a racetrack. The phenomenon also applies to light, and in the case of receding⁶ galaxies⁷ it is known as a red shift (because light moving away from us shifts toward the red end of the spectrum⁸; approaching light shifts to blue).

　　该天文学家有个来自星系的动听名字：维斯托·斯莱弗（他其实是印第安纳州人）。原来，宇宙不是静止的。斯莱弗发现，这些恒星明确显示出一种多普勒频移的迹象——跟赛车场上飞驰而过的汽车发出的那种连贯而又特有的“嚓——嗖”的声音属于同一机制。这种现象也适用于光；就不停远去的星系而言，它被称之为红移（因为离我们远去的光是向光谱的红端移动的，而朝我们射来的光是向蓝端移动的）。

1 affixing   

v.附加( affix的现在分词 )；粘贴；加以；盖（印章）

参考例句：

• Formally approves a document by affixing a signature. 以签名的形式正式批准文件。 来自互联网
• Forfixing, insulating, shock affixing parts or screws of many items such as appliances, stereos, and eyeglasses. 电器、音响响、光学学、电脑等的零件、螺丝固定绝缘、防震与接著。 来自互联网

2 observatory   

n.天文台，气象台，瞭望台，观测台

参考例句：

• Guy's house was close to the observatory.盖伊的房子离天文台很近。
• Officials from Greenwich Observatory have the clock checked twice a day.格林威治天文台的职员们每天对大钟检查两次。

3 astronomer   

n.天文学家

参考例句：

• A new star attracted the notice of the astronomer.新发现的一颗星引起了那位天文学家的注意。
• He is reputed to have been a good astronomer.他以一个优秀的天文学者闻名于世。

4 mechanism   

n.机械装置；机构，结构

参考例句：

• The bones and muscles are parts of the mechanism of the body.骨骼和肌肉是人体的组成部件。
• The mechanism of the machine is very complicated.这台机器的结构是非常复杂的。

5 distinctive   

adj.特别的，有特色的，与众不同的

参考例句：

• She has a very distinctive way of walking.她走路的样子与别人很不相同。
• This bird has several distinctive features.这个鸟具有几种突出的特征。

6 receding   

v.逐渐远离( recede的现在分词 )；向后倾斜；自原处后退或避开别人的注视；尤指问题

参考例句：

• Desperately he struck out after the receding lights of the yacht. 游艇的灯光渐去渐远，他拼命划水追赶。 来自辞典例句
• Sounds produced by vehicles receding from us seem lower-pitched than usual. 渐渐远离我们的运载工具发出的声似乎比平常的音调低。 来自辞典例句

7 galaxies   

星系( galaxy的名词复数 )； 银河系； 一群（杰出或著名的人物）

参考例句：

• Quasars are the highly energetic cores of distant galaxies. 类星体是遥远星系的极为活跃的核心体。
• We still don't know how many galaxies there are in the universe. 我们还不知道宇宙中有多少个星系。

8 spectrum   

n.谱，光谱，频谱；范围，幅度，系列

参考例句：

• This is a kind of atomic spectrum.这是一种原子光谱。
• We have known much of the constitution of the solar spectrum.关于太阳光谱的构成，我们已了解不少。