走进牛津大学 第13期:英国大学的学院制

 　　As a collegiate university, the University of Oxford¹ is considered as a federation² which comprises more than forty self-governing colleges and halls,

　　作为一所联合大学，牛津大学可以说是一个联盟，它拥有40多个自治学院和学堂，

　　along with a central administration headed by the Vice-Chancellor.

　　还包括一个由副校长管理的中央行政机构。

　　The academic departments located within this structure are not affiliated³ with any particular college.

　　学部是一个跨学院的机构,不附属于任何一个学院。

　　They mainly provide facilities for Oxford's teaching and research.

　　它们主要负责为牛津大学的教学和研究工作创造条件。

　　Nowadays, there are 16 academic departments, including the Department of Anthropology⁴ and Geography, the Department of Biological Science, the Department of Theology, an so on.

　　现在，牛津大学共有16个学部，包括人类学和地理学学部、生物科学学部、以及神学学部等等。

　　However, everyone of the departments , facualty and students, must be a member of a college or hall of the Oxford University.

　　不过，每个学部的教师和学生必须是牛津大学某一学院或学堂的一员。

　　Colleges are responsible for admitting undergraduates and organizing their tuition, while this resposibily falls on the departments for graduates.

　　学院负责本科生的人学和教学工作，但接待研究生的任务却由学部来承担。

　　There are 38 colleges at Oxford University and 6 permanent private halls, each with its own internal structure and activities.

　　牛津大学总共有38个学院和6个永久性私人学堂，它们都有自己的内部结构和活动。

　　Each college has its own Governing Body, composed of the Head of House and a number of Fellows, most of whom also hold posts in the University.

　　每个学院都有自己的管理委员会，由院长和几个研究员组成，这些研究员中的大多数人在学校都有职位。

　　The colleges join together to discuss policy, which is usually called the Conference of Colleges.

　　各个学院聚集在一起讨论政策方针等问题，这通常被称作学院会议。

　　The whole colleges also gather to deal with the central administration.

　　所有的学院还会聚到一起与学校的中央行政机构商讨事务。

　　Permanent Private Halls, founded by various Christian⁵ denominations⁶, still retain their religious character.

　　由各种基督教派建立的永久性私人学堂仍然保持着它们的宗教特质。

　　Teaching members of the colleges, fellows and tutors, are collectively known as dons.

　　学院教职人员，无论是普通讲师还是导师，都被称为“阁下”。

　　All colleges invest in large sums of money in facility for library extension, residential⁷ and dining condition improvement, and welfare support.

　　所有的学院都会在图书馆扩建、住宿和饮食条件的改善、以及福利支持等方面投资大量的钱。

　　In addition, the colleges also provide social, cultural, and recreational activities for their members.

　　此外，学院还为它的成员们提供社交、文化和娱乐活动。

　　What we have just mentioned above is collegiate system,

　　我们上面提到的就是学院制，

　　which is used by a great many British universities, such as the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge.

　　英国的很多大学都采用学院制，例如牛津大学和剑桥大学。

　　The greatest advantage of the collegiate system is that it gives students and academics the benefits of belonging to both a large,

　　学院制最大的优点在于它使得学生和学者不仅属于一个大的国际知名机构，

　　internationally renowned⁸ institution and to a smaller, interdisciplinary, academic college community.

　　而且属于一个小的跨领域的学术性的大学社区。

　　Through subjects and year groups, it enables students and leading academics from different cultures and countries to share ideas.

　　通过学科使来自不同文化与国家的学生和前沿学者们能够聚集在一起进行思想交流。

1 Oxford   

n.牛津（英国城市）

参考例句：

• At present he has become a Professor of Chemistry at Oxford.他现在已是牛津大学的化学教授了。
• This is where the road to Oxford joins the road to London.这是去牛津的路与去伦敦的路的汇合处。

2 federation   

n.同盟，联邦，联合，联盟，联合会

参考例句：

• It is a federation of 10 regional unions.它是由十个地方工会结合成的联合会。
• Mr.Putin was inaugurated as the President of the Russian Federation.普京正式就任俄罗斯联邦总统。

3 affiliated   

adj. 附属的, 有关连的

参考例句：

• The hospital is affiliated with the local university. 这家医院附属于当地大学。
• All affiliated members can vote. 所有隶属成员都有投票权。

4 anthropology   

n.人类学

参考例句：

• I believe he has started reading up anthropology.我相信他已开始深入研究人类学。
• Social anthropology is centrally concerned with the diversity of culture.社会人类学主要关于文化多样性。

5 Christian   

adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒

参考例句：

• They always addressed each other by their Christian name.他们总是以教名互相称呼。
• His mother is a sincere Christian.他母亲是个虔诚的基督教徒。

6 denominations   

n.宗派( denomination的名词复数 )；教派；面额；名称

参考例句：

• Christians of all denominations attended the conference. 基督教所有教派的人都出席了这次会议。
• The service was attended by Christians of all denominations. 这次礼拜仪式各教派的基督徒都参加了。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 residential   

adj.提供住宿的；居住的；住宅的

参考例句：

• The mayor inspected the residential section of the city.市长视察了该市的住宅区。
• The residential blocks were integrated with the rest of the college.住宿区与学院其他部分结合在了一起。

8 renowned   

adj.著名的，有名望的，声誉鹊起的

参考例句：

• He is one of the world's renowned writers.他是世界上知名的作家之一。
• She is renowned for her advocacy of human rights.她以提倡人权而闻名。