托福口语练习 观众效应

Explain how the examples of tying shoes and learning to type demonstrate the principle of audience effects.

请说明：系鞋带和学习系鞋带的例子是如何体现观众效应的相关原则。

Now read the passage about the nature of social interaction.

现在，请阅读一篇关于社会干预本质的文章。

You will have 45 seconds to read the passage. Begin reading now.

你将有45秒钟的时间来阅读这篇文章。阅读现在开始。

Now listen to part of the talk in the sociology² class. The professor is discussing audience effects.

现在，请听部分社会学的讲课内容。老师正在讨论观众效应的相关问题。

Okay, so we said that the way we interact¹ others has an impact on our behavior.

好的，我们之前提到过人与人之间的交流会对彼此的行为产生影响。

In fact, there is some interesting research to suggest that in one type of interaction,

事实上，某项很有意思的研究表明，其中一种人与人之前的交流方式，

when we are being observed, specifically, when we know we are being watched as we performed some activity,

也就是我们被别人观察的时候，再具体一点，也就是我们意识到自己被别人注视的时候，比如我们在表演某些活动时。

we tend to increase the speed at which we perform that activity.

这时，我们倾向于加快表演活动的速度。

In one study, college students were asked to each put on a pair of shoes, shoes with laces³ they would have to tie.

在某项研究中，要求每位大学生穿鞋子，鞋子有鞋带，所以学生们还需要系鞋带。

Now, one group of students was told that they would be observed.

现在，其中的一组学生被告知研究人员将要观察他们的行为。

The second group, however, didn't know they were being observed.

然而，第二组并不知情自己受到观察。

The students who were aware that they were being watched,

事实上，那些知道自己被观察的学生

actually tied their shoes much faster than the students who thought their were alone.

系鞋带的速度远快于那些以为自己只是独自系鞋带没有人观察自己的学生。

Other studies confirm the same is true, even when we are learning new activities.

其他的研究也证实这个结论（一样的结论）是正确的，甚至当我们在学习新的活动时，这样的结论也同样适用。

Let's say someone is learning a new task, for example, learning how to type.

让我们来说说某人在学习一项新的任务，比如，学习如何打字。

When they are conscious of being observed,

当他们意识到有人观察自己时，

they'll likely begin typing at a much faster rate than they would if they were alone.

他们的打字速度更可能会远快于自己单独一个人时的打字速度。

But and this is interesting, the study also showed that certain common behavior,

但是还有很有意思的一点是，研究同样表明某些人类共有的行为，

things people typically do like making mistakes when you're learning something new.

比如当人们在学习新东西的时候，大家通常都是会犯错误的。

That behavior pattern will also increase.

（研究表明）这种行为模式的发生几率也会增大。

So in other words, when we are learning to type, and we know we are being watched, we all type faster but we'll also make more mistakes.

所以，换句话说，当我们学习打字的时候，当我们知道有人在观察自己的时候，我们都倾向于打得更快，但同时我们也会犯更多错误。

1 interact   

vi.相互作用，相互影响，互通信息

参考例句：

• All things are interrelated and interact on each other.一切事物互相联系并相互作用。
• The policeman advised the criminal to interact with the police.警察劝罪犯与警方合作。

2 sociology   

n.社会学，社会关系学，群落生态学

参考例句：

• He is studying sociology.他正研究社会学。
• A pioneer of legal sociology in Germany was Max Weber.德国法律社会学的先驱是马克斯·韦伯。

3 laces   

蕾丝( lace的名词复数 )； 透孔织品； 鞋带； 系带

参考例句：

• He bent down and undid the laces of his shoes. 他弯腰解开鞋带。
• Wouldn't it be a giggle to tie his shoe-laces together while he isn't looking! 趁他没注意时把他的鞋带拴在一起，岂不有趣！