托福口语练习 请用这则汽车广告中的例子解释说明内隐记忆的含义

Using the example of the car advertisement, explain what is meant by implicit¹ memory.

请用这则汽车广告中的例子解释说明内隐记忆的含义。

You have 45 seconds to read a passage from a psychology² textbook. Begin reading now.

你有45秒的时间阅读这篇选自心理学课本的文章。现在请开始阅读。

Now listen to part of a lecture on this topic in a psychology class.

请听心理学课上关于这个话题的部分内容。

OK, um, the first kind of memory, we're all very familiar with this, right?

第一种记忆，我们对它都很熟悉，对吗？

You probably remember what you had for dinner last night.

你也许还记得昨天晚饭吃了什么。

You have a conscious memory of last night's dinner,

你对昨天的晚餐有着有意识的记忆，

so, um, if I ask you what did you eat last night, you could tell me.

所以，如果我问你你昨晚吃了什么，你完全能说出来。

But these other kinds of memories, implicit memories, they work differently.

但是，另外一种记忆——内隐记忆，是完全不同的。

Let's take an example from the world of advertising³.

让我们从广告行业找个例子。

When you are driving along a highway, you see plenty of billboards⁵, you know, road side advertisements.

你行驶在高速公路上的时候，经常会看见大量的广告牌，就是那些路边广告。

You certainly don't remember them all, but they still affect you.

当然你并没有把它们全部记下来，但是它们仍会对你产生影响。

Marketing⁶ researchers have shown, well to be specific,

营销研究人员表示...为了更具体一点，

let's say there's a billboard⁴ on the highway advertising, uh, a car called the Panther.

我们假设高速公路的一个广告牌上在宣传一种叫黑豹的汽车。

The ad shows a big picture of the car and above the car, in huge letters, is the name of the car, Panther.

广告上有一张这辆车的巨幅照片，在车的上方用大字写着这辆车的名字：黑豹。

A lot of people drive by the billboard,

许多人都会开车经过这个广告牌，

but ask those drivers later if they saw any advertisements for cars,

但是稍后如果问起这些司机是否看见过车的广告，

and well, they'll think about it and a lot of them will say no.

他们往往会认真回想，但是很多人都会说没见过。

They honestly don't remember seeing any.

他们确实不记得看见过类似的广告。

They have no conscious memory of the Panther billboard.

他们对于这个黑豹车的广告牌并没有有意识的记忆。

So, you ask these same people a different question.

所以，你接着又问同样一群人另一个问题。

You ask, um, OK, you ask them to name an animal starting with a letter P.

你让他们说出一个以字母P开头的动物的名字。

What do you think they'll answer? Do they say Pig?

你觉得他们会如何回答呢？你以为他们会说猪（Pig）吗？

Pig is the most common animal that starts with the letter P.

猪是名字以字母P开头的最常见的动物了。

But they don't say Pig. They say Panther!

但是他们并没有说猪，而是说的黑豹（Panther）！

The billboard had an effect, even though the drivers don't remember ever seeing it.

即使司机们都不记得曾经见过这块广告牌，但它确实是有影响的。

1 implicit   

a.暗示的，含蓄的，不明晰的，绝对的

参考例句：

• A soldier must give implicit obedience to his officers. 士兵必须绝对服从他的长官。
• Her silence gave implicit consent. 她的沉默表示默许。

2 psychology   

n.心理，心理学，心理状态

参考例句：

• She has a background in child psychology.她受过儿童心理学的教育。
• He studied philosophy and psychology at Cambridge.他在剑桥大学学习哲学和心理学。

3 advertising   

n.广告业；广告活动 a.广告的；广告业务的

参考例句：

• Can you give me any advice on getting into advertising? 你能指点我如何涉足广告业吗?
• The advertising campaign is aimed primarily at young people. 这个广告宣传运动主要是针对年轻人的。

4 billboard   

n.布告板，揭示栏，广告牌

参考例句：

• He ploughed his energies into his father's billboard business.他把精力投入到父亲的广告牌业务中。
• Billboard spreads will be simpler and more eye-catching.广告牌广告会比较简单且更引人注目。

5 billboards   

n.广告牌( billboard的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Large billboards have disfigured the scenery. 大型告示板已破坏了景色。 来自辞典例句
• Then, put the logo in magazines and on billboards without telling anyone what it means. 接着我们把这个商标刊在杂志和广告看板上，却不跟任何人透漏它的涵意。 来自常春藤生活英语杂志-2006年4月号

6 marketing   

n.行销，在市场的买卖，买东西

参考例句：

• They are developing marketing network.他们正在发展销售网络。
• He often goes marketing.他经常去市场做生意。