【突破英文词汇】gram, graph – letter, writing 字母；书写

1. anagram /ˈænəɡræm/

-- word or phraseformed from another by transposing the letters

“Moat” is an anagram for “atom”.

moat是atom颠倒字母后所成的词。

 

2. cartographer/kɑ:ˈtɔgrəfə/

-- (literally, “mapwriter”) person skilled in cartography, the sscience or art of map making

Ancient cartographers did not know of theexistence of theWestern Hemisphere.

古代的制图者不知道西半球的存在。

 

3. cryptogram/ˈkrɪptəˌgræm/

-- something writtenin secret code

Military leaders,diplomats and businessmen use cryptograms to relay secret information.

军事首长、外交人员和商界人士都使用密码来传达秘密的消息。

 

4. electrocardiogram/ɪˌlektrəʊˈkɑ:di:əˌgræm/

-- “writing” ortracing made by an electrocardiograph, an instrument that records the amount ofelectricity the heart muscles produce during the heartbeat

 After readingMrs. Hale’s electrocardiogram, the physicianassured her that her heart was working properly.

看完黑尔太太的心电图后，医生向她保证她的心脏运作正常。

 

5. epigram /ˈepɪˌgræm/

-- (literally,something” written on” or “inscribed”) bright or witty¹ thought concisely² andcleverly expressed

 “The more thing aman is ashamed of, the respectable he is.” is one of George Bernard Shaw’s epigrams.

“一个人觉得惭愧的事越多，他就越值得尊敬。”是乔治·萧伯纳的警句之一。

 

6. graphite /ˈgræfˌaɪt/

-- soft black carbonused in lead pencils

“Lead” pencils do notcontain lead, but rather a mixture of clay and graphite.

“铅”笔并不含铅，而是黏土和石墨的混合物。

 

7. monogram³ /ˈmɔnəuɡræm/

-- (literally, “oneletter”) person’s initials interwoven or combined into one design

Some of Dad’shandkerchiefs are embroidered⁴ with his monogram.

父亲的一些手帕上绣着由他的姓与名的第一个字母组成的图案。

 

8. monograph⁵/ˈmɔnəˌgræf/

-- written account ofa single thing or class of things

For his thesis, thestudent plans to write a monograph on the life of an obscure 19th-century composer.

那个学生计划写一篇有关19世纪一个无名作曲家生活的专题文章，作为他的学位论文。

 

9. stenographer⁶/stəˈnɔgrəfə/

-- person skilled onor employed to do stenography⁷ (literally, “narrow writing”, the art of writingin shorthand)

A court stenographer has to be able to takedown more than 250 words a minute.

一个法庭速记员必须能够一分钟写250个词以上。

 

10. graphic⁸ /ˈɡræfik/

-- written or told ina clear, lifelike manner; vivid

The reporter’s graphic description made us fell thatwe were present at the scene.

记者生动的描述使我们感到如临其境。

 

11. typographical/ˌtaɪpəˈɡræfɪkl/

-- pertaining⁹ to or occurringin typography (literally, “written with type”) or printing

Proofs submitted by theprinter should be carefully checked to eliminate typographical errors.

印刷工人交来的校样应该进行仔细检查，以减少排字上的错误。

1 witty   

adj.机智的，风趣的

参考例句：

• Her witty remarks added a little salt to the conversation.她的妙语使谈话增添了一些风趣。
• He scored a bull's-eye in their argument with that witty retort.在他们的辩论中他那一句机智的反驳击中了要害。

2 concisely   

adv.简明地

参考例句：

• These equations are written more concisely as a single columnmatrix equation. 这些方程以单列矩阵方程表示会更简单。 来自辞典例句
• The fiber morphology can be concisely summarized. 可以对棉纤维的形态结构进行扼要地归纳。 来自辞典例句

3 monogram   

n.字母组合

参考例句：

• There was a monogram in the corner in which were the initials"R.K.B.".原来手帕角上有个图案，其中包含着RKB三个字母。
• When we get married I don't have to change the monogram on my luggage.当我们结婚后，我连皮箱上的字母也不用改。

4 embroidered   

adj．绣花的

参考例句：

• She embroidered flowers on the cushion covers. 她在这些靠垫套上绣了花。
• She embroidered flowers on the front of the dress. 她在连衣裙的正面绣花。

5 monograph   

n.专题文章，专题著作

参考例句：

• This monograph belongs to the category of serious popular books.这本专著是一本较高深的普及读物。
• It's a monograph you wrote six years ago.这是你六年前写的的专论。

6 stenographer   

n.速记员

参考例句：

• The police stenographer recorded the man's confession word by word. 警察局速记员逐字记下了那个人的供词。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• A qualified stenographer is not necessarily a competent secretary. 一个合格的速记员不一定就是个称职的秘书。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

7 stenography   

n.速记，速记法

参考例句：

• Stenography is no longer a marketable skill.速记法已没有多大市场了。
• This job necessitated a knowledge of stenography and typewriting,which she soon acquired.这工作需要会速记和打字，她不久便学会了。

8 graphic   

adj.生动的，形象的，绘画的，文字的，图表的

参考例句：

• The book gave a graphic description of the war.这本书生动地描述了战争的情况。
• Distinguish important text items in lists with graphic icons.用图标来区分重要的文本项。

9 pertaining   

与…有关系的，附属…的，为…固有的(to)

参考例句：

• Living conditions are vastly different from those pertaining in their country of origin. 生活条件与他们祖国大不相同。
• The inspector was interested in everything pertaining to the school. 视察员对有关学校的一切都感兴趣。