【突破英文词汇】circum -- round 周围

1. circumference¹ /səˈkʌmfərəns/

-- distance around a circle or rounded body; perimeter²

The circumference of a circle equals π times the diameter.

圆周长等于π与直径的乘积。

 

 

2. circumlocution³ /ˌsɜ:kəmləʊˈkju:ʃən/

-- roundabout way of speaking; use of an excessive number of words to express an idea.

The circumlocution "the game ended with a score that was not in our favor" should be replaced by "we lost the game".

“这场比赛在比分对我们不利的情况下结束”是绕圈子的话，应该说“我们输掉了这场比赛”。

 

 

3. circumnavigate /ˌsə:kəmˈnæviɡeit/ 

-- sail around

Ferdinand Magellan's expedition was the first to circumnavigate the globe.

费迪南德·麦哲伦的远征是第一次环球航行。

 

 

4. circumscribe⁴ /ˈsɜ:kəmˌskraɪb/

-- 1. draw a line around 

2. limit; restrict

The principal has requested all teachers to circumscribe failures in red on the report cards.

校长要求所有老师把成绩单上不及格的人用红笔圈起来。

The patient was placed on a very circumscribed⁵ diet; he was forbidden to have coffee, spices or raw fruits or vegetables.

这病人的饮食极受限制，他不能喝咖啡、不能吃辛辣的或生的水果蔬菜。

 

 

5. circumvent⁶ /ˌsɜ:kəmˈvent/

-- go around; get the better of; frustrate⁷

To circumvent local sales taxes, shoppers often buy in neighboring communities that do not have such taxes.

为了逃避当地的货物税，购物者经常在邻近不征此税的社区买东西。

 

 

6. circumspect⁸ /ˈsɜ:kəmˌspekt/

-- looking around and paying attention to all possible consequences before acting⁹; cautious; prudent¹⁰

Don't jump to a conclusion before considering all the facts. Be circumspect.

在所有的事情未考虑好之前，不要仓促地下结论，要慎重点。

1 circumference   

n.圆周，周长，圆周线

参考例句：

• It's a mile round the circumference of the field.运动场周长一英里。
• The diameter and the circumference of a circle correlate.圆的直径与圆周有相互关系。

2 perimeter   

n.周边，周长，周界

参考例句：

• The river marks the eastern perimeter of our land.这条河标示我们的土地东面的边界。
• Drinks in hands,they wandered around the perimeter of the ball field.他们手里拿着饮料在球场周围漫不经心地遛跶。

3 circumlocution   

n. 绕圈子的话，迂回累赘的陈述

参考例句：

• He is a master at circumlocution.他讲话很会兜圈子。
• This sort of ritual circumlocution is common to many parts of mathematics.这种繁冗的遁辞常见于数学的许多部分分式中。

4 circumscribe   

v.在...周围划线，限制，约束

参考例句：

• Please circumscribe the words which are wrongly spelled.请将拼错的词圈出来。
• The principal has requested all teachers to circumscribe failures in red on the report cards.这项规定要求，所有老师均要在报告卡用红笔上标出错误所在。

5 circumscribed   

adj.[医]局限的：受限制或限于有限空间的v.在…周围划线( circumscribe的过去式和过去分词 )；划定…范围；限制；限定

参考例句：

• The power of the monarchy was circumscribed by the new law. 君主统治的权力受到了新法律的制约。
• His activities have been severely circumscribed since his illness. 自生病以来他的行动一直受到严格的限制。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 circumvent   

vt.环绕，包围；对…用计取胜，智胜

参考例句：

• Military planners tried to circumvent the treaty.军事策略家们企图绕开这一条约。
• Any action I took to circumvent his scheme was justified.我为斗赢他的如意算盘而采取的任何行动都是正当的。

7 frustrate   

v.使失望；使沮丧；使厌烦

参考例句：

• But this didn't frustrate Einstein.He was content to go as far as he could.但这并没有使爱因斯坦灰心，他对能够更深入地研究而感到满意。
• They made their preparations to frustrate the conspiracy.他们作好准备挫败这个阴谋。

8 circumspect   

adj.慎重的，谨慎的

参考例句：

• She is very circumspect when dealing with strangers.她与陌生人打交道时十分谨慎。
• He was very circumspect in his financial affairs.他对于自己的财务十分细心。

9 acting   

n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的

参考例句：

• Ignore her,she's just acting.别理她，她只是假装的。
• During the seventies,her acting career was in eclipse.在七十年代，她的表演生涯黯然失色。

10 prudent   

adj.谨慎的，有远见的，精打细算的

参考例句：

• A prudent traveller never disparages his own country.聪明的旅行者从不贬低自己的国家。
• You must school yourself to be modest and prudent.你要学会谦虚谨慎。