【突破英文词汇】pre -- before 先前

1. preface /ˈprefis/

-- foreword; preliminary remarks; author's introduction to a book

The preface usually provides information that the reader should know before the book.

序言常提供给读者一些阅读本书前需要了解的信息。

 

 

2. preview /ˌpri:ˈvju:/

-- view of something before it is shown to the public

Last night my parents attended a preview of a play scheduled to open next Tuesday.

昨天晚上我父母亲去看了一出定于下星期二演出的戏剧的试演。

 

 

3. precede /ˌpriˈsi:d/

-- go before; come before

Did your report follow or precede Jane's?

你的报告在简的报告之后还是之前？

 

 

4. preclude¹ /priˈklu:d/

-- put a barrier before; impede²; prevent; make impossible

A prior engagement precludes³ my coming to your party.

先前的一个约会使我不能参加你的宴会。

 

 

5. preconceive /ˈpri:kənˈsi:v/

-- form an opinion beforehand without adequate evidence

My preconceived dislike for the book disappeared when I read a few chapters.

先前对这本书的厌恶在我读了几章以后就消失了。

 

 

6. prefabricate /pri:ˈfæbrɪˌkeɪt/

-- construct beforehand

Prefabricate homes are quickly erected⁴ by putting together large sections previously⁵ constructed at a factory.

预制装配式房屋只要把事先在工厂做好的大组件拼装起来，就可以很快地盖好。

 

 

7. premeditate /priˈmediteit/

-- consider beforehand

The jury decided⁶ that the blow was struck in a moment of panic and had not been premeditate.

陪审团判决那一拳是在恐慌下击出的，并非预谋。

 

 

8. presume /priˈzju:m/

-- (literally, "take beforehand") take for granted without proof; assume; suppose

Nineteen of the sailors have been rescued. One is missing and presumed dead.

19名水手获救，有一个失踪且被认为已经死亡。

 

 

9. precocious⁷ /prɪˈkəʊʃəs/

-- (literally, "cooked or ripened⁸ before its time") showing mature characteristics at an early age

If Nancy's three-year-old brother can read, he must be a precocious child.

如果南希三岁大的弟弟会读书，那他一定是个早熟的小孩。

1 preclude   

vt.阻止，排除，防止；妨碍

参考例句：

• We try to preclude any possibility of misunderstanding.我们努力排除任何误解的可能性。
• My present finances preclude the possibility of buying a car.按我目前的财务状况我是不可能买车的。

2 impede   

v.妨碍，阻碍，阻止

参考例句：

• One shouldn't impede other's progress.一个人不应该妨碍他人进步。
• The muddy roads impede our journey.我们的旅游被泥泞的道路阻挠了。

3 precludes   

v.阻止( preclude的第三人称单数 )；排除；妨碍；使…行不通

参考例句：

• Lack of time precludes any further discussion. 由于时间不足，不可能进行深入的讨论。
• The surface reactivity of many nonblack fillers generally precludes strong bonding with this type of matrix. 许多非碳黑填料的表面反应性一般阻碍与该种基质形成牢固的粘结。 来自辞典例句

4 ERECTED   

adj. 直立的，竖立的，笔直的 vt. 使 ... 直立，建立

参考例句：

• A monument to him was erected in St Paul's Cathedral. 在圣保罗大教堂为他修了一座纪念碑。
• A monument was erected to the memory of that great scientist. 树立了一块纪念碑纪念那位伟大的科学家。

5 previously   

adv.以前，先前（地）

参考例句：

• The bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
• Let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously.让我岔开一会儿，解释原先发生了什么。

6 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

7 precocious   

adj.早熟的；较早显出的

参考例句：

• They become precocious experts in tragedy.他们成了一批思想早熟、善写悲剧的能手。
• Margaret was always a precocious child.玛格丽特一直是个早熟的孩子。

8 ripened   

v.成熟，使熟( ripen的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• They're collecting the ripened reddish berries. 他们正采集熟了的淡红草莓。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The branches bent low with ripened fruits. 成熟的果实压弯了树枝。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》