商务英语谈判须掌握11大类词汇

 　　1、出口信贷 export credit

　　出口津贴 export subsidy¹

　　商品 倾销 dumping

　　外汇 倾销 exchange dumping

　　优惠 关税 special preferences

　　保税仓库 bonded² warehouse³

　　贸易顺差 favorable balance of trade

　　贸易逆差 unfavorable balance of trade

　　进口配额制 import quotas⁴

　　自由贸易区 free trade zone

　　对 外贸 易值 value of foreign trade

　　国际贸易 值 value of international trade

　　普遍优惠制 generalized system of preferences-GSP

　　最惠国待遇 most-favored nation treatment-MFNT

　　2、价格条件

　　价格术语trade term (price term)

　　运费freight

　　单价 price

　　码头费wharfage

　　总值 total value

　　卸货费landing charges

　　金额 amount

　　关税 customs duty

　　净价 net price

　　印花税stamp duty

　　含佣价price including commission

　　港口 税port dues

　　回佣return commission

　　装运港port of shipment

　　折扣discount, allowance

　　卸货港port of discharge

　　批发价 wholesale⁵ price

　　目的港port of destination

　　零售价 retail⁶ price

　　进口许口证import licence

　　现货价格spot price

　　出口许口证export licence

　　期货价格forward price

　　现行价格（时价）current price prevailing⁷ price

　　国际市场价格 world (International)Market price

　　离岸价（船上交货价） FOB -free on board

　　成本加运费价（离岸加运费价） C&F-cost and freight

　　到岸价（成本加运费、保险费价） CIF -cost,insurance and freight

　　3、交货条件

　　交货delivery

　　轮船steamship(缩写S.S)

　　装运、装船shipment

　　租船charter (the chartered ship)

　　交货时间 time of delivery

　　定程租船voyage charter

　　装运期限time of shipment

　　定期租船time charter

　　托运人（一般指出口商）shipper, consignor⁸

　　收货人consignee⁹

　　班轮regular shipping¹⁰ liner

　　驳船lighter¹¹

　　舱位shipping space

　　油轮tanker¹²

　　报关 clearance¹³ of goods

　　陆运收据cargo¹⁴ receipt

　　提货to take delivery of goods

　　空运 提单 airway¹⁵ bill

　　正本 提单 original B\\L

　　选择港（任意港）optional port

　　选港费optional charges

　　选港费由买方负担 optional charges to be borne by the Buyers 或 optional charges for Buyers’ account

　　一月份装船 shipment during January 或 January shipment

　　一月底装船 shipment not later than Jan.31st.或shipment on or before Jan.31st.

　　一/二月份装船 shipment during Jan./Feb.或 Jan./Feb. shipment

　　在......(时间)分两批装船 shipment during....in two lots

　　在......(时间)平均分两批装船 shipment during....in two equal lots

　　分三个月装运 in three monthly shipments

　　分三个月，每月平均装运 in three equal monthly shipments

　　立即装运 immediate¹⁶ shipments

　　即期装运 prompt shipments

　　收到 信用证 后30天内装运 shipments within 30 days after receipt of L/C

　　允许分批装船 partial shipment not allowed partial shipment not permitted partial shipment not unacceptable

　　4、交易磋商、合同签订

　　订单 indent¹⁷

　　订货；订购 book; booking

　　电复 cable reply

　　实盘 firm offer

　　递盘 bid; bidding

　　递实盘 bid firm

　　还盘 counter offer

　　发盘（发价） offer

　　发实盘 offer firm

　　询盘 （询价） inquiry;enquiry

　　5、订单 indent

　　订货；订购 book; booking

　　电复 cable reply

　　实盘 firm offer

　　递盘 bid; bidding

　　递实盘 bid firm

　　还盘 counter offer

　　发盘（发价） offer

　　发实盘 offer firm

　　询盘 （询价） inquiry;enquiry

　　6、交易磋商、合同签订

　　指示性价格 price indication

　　速复 reply immediately

　　参考价 reference price

　　习惯做法 usual practice

　　交易磋商 business negotiation¹⁸

　　不受约束 without engagement

　　业务洽谈 business discussion

　　限**复 subject to reply **

　　限* *复到 subject to reply reaching here **

　　有效期限 time of validity

　　有效至**: valid¹⁹ till **

　　购货合同 purchase contract

　　销售合同 sales contract

　　购货确认书 purchase confirmation²⁰

　　销售确认书 sales confirmation

　　一般交易条件 general terms and conditions

　　以未售出为准 subject to prior sale

　　需经卖方确认 subject to seller’s confirmation

　　需经我方最后确认 subject to our final confirmation

　　7、 贸易方式

　　INT (拍卖auction)

　　寄售consignment²¹

　　招标invitation of tender

　　投标submission²² of tender

　　一般代理人agent

　　总代理人general agent

　　代理协议agency agreement

　　累计佣金accumulative commission

　　补偿贸易compensation trade （或抵偿贸易）compensating/compensatory trade （又叫：往返贸易） counter trade

　　来料加工 processing on giving materials

　　来料装配assembling on provided parts

　　独家经营/专营权exclusive right

　　独家经营/包销/代理协议exclusivity agreement

　　独家代理 sole agency; sole agent; exclusive agency;

　　exclusive agent

　　8、品质条件

　　品质 quality 原样 original sample

　　规格 specifications²³ 复样 duplicate sample

　　说明 description 对等样品 countersample

　　标准 standard type 参考样品 reference sample

　　商品目录 catalogue 封样 sealed sample

　　宣传小册 pamphlet 公差 tolerance²⁴

　　货号 article No. 花色（搭配） assortment²⁵

　　样品 sample 5% 增减 5% plus or minus

　　代表性样品 representative sample

　　大路货（良好平均品质）fair average quality

　　9、 商检 仲裁

　　索赔 claim 争议disputes

　　罚金条款 penalty 仲裁arbitration²⁶

　　不可抗力 force Majeure 仲裁庭arbitral tribunal

　　产地证明书certificate of origin

　　品质检验证书 inspection²⁷ certificate of quanlity

　　重量检验证书 inspection certificate of weight (quantity)

　　**商品检验局 **commodity inspection bureau (*.C.I.B)

　　品质、重量检验证书 inspection certificate

　　10、数量条件

　　个数 number 净重 net weight

　　容积 capacity 毛作净 gross for net

　　体积 volume 皮重 tare

　　毛重 gross weight

　　溢短装条款 more or less clause

　　11、外 汇

　　外汇 foreign exchange 法定贬值 devaluation

　　外币 foreign currency 法定升值 revaluation

　　汇率 rate of exchange 浮动汇率floating rate

　　国际收支 balance of payments 硬通货 hard currency

　　直接标价 direct quotation 软通货 soft currency

　　间接标价 indirect quotation 金平价 gold standard

　　买入汇率 buying rate 通货膨胀 inflation

　　卖出汇率 selling rate 固定汇率 fixed rate

　　金本位制度 gold standard 黄金输送点 gold points

　　铸币平价 mint par 纸币制度 paper money system

　　国际货币基金 international monetary fund

　　黄金外汇储备 gold and foreign exchange reserve

　　汇率波动的官定上下限 official upper and lower limits of fluctuation

1 subsidy   

n.补助金，津贴

参考例句：

• The university will receive a subsidy for research in artificial intelligence.那个大学将得到一笔人工智能研究的补助费。
• The living subsidy for senior expert's family is included in the remuneration.报酬已包含高级专家家人的生活补贴。

2 bonded   

n.有担保的，保税的，粘合的

参考例句：

• The whisky was taken to bonded warehouses at Port Dundee.威士忌酒已送到邓迪港的保稅仓库。
• This adhesive must be applied to both surfaces which are to be bonded together.要粘接的两个面都必须涂上这种黏合剂。

3 warehouse   

n.仓库；vt.存入仓库

参考例句：

• We freighted the goods to the warehouse by truck.我们用卡车把货物运到仓库。
• The manager wants to clear off the old stocks in the warehouse.经理想把仓库里积压的存货处理掉。

4 quotas   

（正式限定的）定量( quota的名词复数 )； 定额； 指标； 摊派

参考例句：

• In fulfilling the production quotas, John made rings round all his fellow workers. 约翰完成生产定额大大超过他的同事们。
• Quotas of the means of production are allocated by the higher administrative bodies to the lower ones. 物资指标按隶属关系分配。

5 wholesale   

n.批发；adv.以批发方式；vt.批发，成批出售

参考例句：

• The retail dealer buys at wholesale and sells at retail.零售商批发购进货物，以零售价卖出。
• Such shoes usually wholesale for much less.这种鞋批发出售通常要便宜得多。

6 retail   

v./n.零售；adv.以零售价格

参考例句：

• In this shop they retail tobacco and sweets.这家铺子零售香烟和糖果。
• These shoes retail at 10 yuan a pair.这些鞋子零卖10元一双。

7 prevailing   

adj.盛行的；占优势的；主要的

参考例句：

• She wears a fashionable hair style prevailing in the city.她的发型是这个城市流行的款式。
• This reflects attitudes and values prevailing in society.这反映了社会上盛行的态度和价值观。

8 consignor   

n.委托者；发货人；寄件人；交付人

参考例句：

• A dead body of a male adult, a dead consignor, a target. 一具男人的尸体，一位死去的委托者，一个目标。 来自互联网
• Frozen plant of company many invest in, attract consignor thick as hail. 公司大量投资于冷冻设备，吸引货主纷至沓来。 来自互联网

9 consignee   

n.受托者，收件人，代销人；承销人；收货人

参考例句：

• The consignee is decided according to the order of the shipper or the opening bank. 收货人是由托运人或开证行的指令决定。 来自辞典例句
• For Freight Collect shipments, the charge will be billed to the consignee. 若采取收件人付费方式，则费用由收件人支付。 来自互联网

10 shipping   

n.船运（发货，运输，乘船）

参考例句：

• We struck a bargain with an American shipping firm.我们和一家美国船运公司谈成了一笔生意。
• There's a shipping charge of ￡5 added to the price.价格之外另加五英镑运输费。

11 lighter   

n.打火机，点火器；驳船；v.用驳船运送；light的比较级

参考例句：

• The portrait was touched up so as to make it lighter.这张画经过润色，色调明朗了一些。
• The lighter works off the car battery.引燃器利用汽车蓄电池打火。

12 tanker   

n.油轮

参考例句：

• The tanker took on 200,000 barrels of crude oil.油轮装载了二十万桶原油。
• Heavy seas had pounded the tanker into three parts.汹涌的巨浪把油轮撞成三载。

13 clearance   

n.净空；许可(证)；清算；清除，清理

参考例句：

• There was a clearance of only ten centimetres between the two walls.两堵墙之间只有十厘米的空隙。
• The ship sailed as soon as it got clearance. 那艘船一办好离港手续立刻启航了。

14 cargo   

n.(一只船或一架飞机运载的)货物

参考例句：

• The ship has a cargo of about 200 ton.这条船大约有200吨的货物。
• A lot of people discharged the cargo from a ship.许多人从船上卸下货物。

15 airway   

n.空中航线，通风口

参考例句：

• Lay them on their side and ensure the airway is unobstructed.让他们侧躺着，并确保呼吸道畅通。
• There is a purple airway in London Airport.伦敦机场里有一条皇家专用飞机跑道。

16 immediate   

adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的

参考例句：

• His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。
• We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。

17 indent   

n.订单，委托采购，国外商品订货单，代购订单

参考例句：

• A firm order is often called an indent.确定的订单常称作订货单。
• Bid will be evaluated strictly in accordance with the indent specifications.投标将按照订货单的技术条件严格评估。

18 negotiation   

n.谈判，协商

参考例句：

• They closed the deal in sugar after a week of negotiation.经过一星期的谈判，他们的食糖生意成交了。
• The negotiation dragged on until July.谈判一直拖到7月份。

19 valid   

adj.有确实根据的；有效的；正当的，合法的

参考例句：

• His claim to own the house is valid.他主张对此屋的所有权有效。
• Do you have valid reasons for your absence?你的缺席有正当理由吗？

20 confirmation   

n.证实，确认，批准

参考例句：

• We are waiting for confirmation of the news.我们正在等待证实那个消息。
• We need confirmation in writing before we can send your order out.给你们发送订购的货物之前，我们需要书面确认。

21 consignment   

n.寄售；发货；委托；交运货物

参考例句：

• This last consignment of hosiery is quite up to standard.这批新到的针织品完全符合规格。
• We have to ask you to dispatch the consignment immediately.我们得要求你立即发送该批货物。

22 submission   

n.服从，投降；温顺，谦虚；提出

参考例句：

• The defeated general showed his submission by giving up his sword.战败将军缴剑表示投降。
• No enemy can frighten us into submission.任何敌人的恐吓都不能使我们屈服。

23 specifications   

n.规格；载明；详述；（产品等的）说明书；说明书( specification的名词复数 )；详细的计划书；载明；详述

参考例句：

• Our work must answer the specifications laid down. 我们的工作应符合所定的规范。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• This sketch does not conform with the specifications. 图文不符。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

24 tolerance   

n.宽容；容忍，忍受；耐药力；公差

参考例句：

• Tolerance is one of his strengths.宽容是他的一个优点。
• Human beings have limited tolerance of noise.人类对噪音的忍耐力有限。

25 assortment   

n.分类，各色俱备之物，聚集

参考例句：

• This shop has a good assortment of goods to choose from.该店各色货物俱全，任君选择。
• She was wearing an odd assortment of clothes.她穿着奇装异服。

26 arbitration   

n.调停，仲裁

参考例句：

• The wage disagreement is under arbitration.工资纠纷正在仲裁中。
• Both sides have agreed that the arbitration will be binding.双方都赞同仲裁具有约束力。

27 inspection   

n.检查，审查，检阅

参考例句：

• On random inspection the meat was found to be bad.经抽查，发现肉变质了。
• The soldiers lined up for their daily inspection by their officers.士兵们列队接受军官的日常检阅。