商务英语：广告法则

 　　（一）广告词汇

　　英语广告是一种独特的语言形式，它遵循正规的英语语法规则，但是仍有许多独特的处理方式。在用词方面，英语广告可以说是兼收并蓄，不拘一格，绚丽多姿。

　　1）在政府颁发公文、学校招生等的广告中，用词极为严肃正统。

　　例 1 Our present Principal/Chief Executive has reached retirement¹ age and the governing board wants to make the crucial appointment of his replacement² in 1994. If you are a highly qualified³ and experienced individual and you think you have the vision, energy and enthusiasm to lead the college into the next century, please write for further information and post particulars to xxxxx.

　　2）在许多情况下，广告为了产生一种幽默和诙谐的效果，故意使用一些不正式的语言。

　　例 1 Each transfer weight advantage and power into real, all round performance at prices we know won't freak you out.

　　在这则广告中，freak out 是一非正式词组，意思是精神恍惚，极度兴奋（尤其指吸毒之后），它在此的意思是frighten（使人害怕），或是scare 的意思。

　　例 2 What's more, during our new appliance sale we've knocked up to 50% off top name brands.

　　knock 在此的意思是defeat（击败），比起defeat来却很不正式，但是表达效果却比defeat要生动得多。

　　例 3 Keep the frog out of your throat.

　　这是一个咽喉片的广告中的最后一句话，广告策划者故意用这样一个非正式的短语取得一种幽默的效果。

　　在许多广告中，使用了大量的俚语和非正式的词汇，使广告显得通俗活泼，给人留下深刻的印象。如在一件外衣的广告中，为了强调该外衣的特色、衣袋设计的不同凡响，甚至可以防盗，文字是这样的pity the pickpocket⁴ （可怜那些三只手吧），其中pickpocket 就属于口语体，相当于汉语中的"三只手"或"扒手"。假如把它换成thief（贼），效果就不如pickpocket 生动有趣。

　　专有名词的使用在广告中也很广泛，利用名人或名地等可以增加广告的说服力，引起读者的注意。如 This is one place Mick Doohan will never race. 中，Mike Doohan 就是一位著名的赛车手，这是本田汽车公司的广告，意思是"这是一块连Mike Doohan 都不去比赛的地方。"又如，From the country that brought you Alain Delon: a new range of traditional cast-iron pots and pans, with smooth bottoms for use on all types of hob. 广告中Alain Delon （阿兰·德龙）也是一位著名影星。

　　（二）广告句型

　　英文广告中不止用词别出心裁，句型也很有特色。下面我们就来看一看。

　　英语广告的句型也多种多样，但最常用的句型有以下几类：

　　1） 祈使句 这是出现最多的句型。

　　例 1 Ask any one who owns one. （汽车广告语） 询问一下有这种车的人吧。

　　例 2 Lay down your arms.（桌子广告语） 放下您的胳膊吧。

　　例 3 Please do not leave it too late. 事不宜迟。

　　2） 一般疑问句 通常用在广告的前面。

　　例 1 Have you ever dreamed of ascending⁵ the steps of a great temple built to the gods? （旅行社广告）您是否梦想过登上为众神修建的宏伟庙宇的台阶？

　　例 2 Can a tired, overworked voice command attention in class? 一个疲惫、过劳的声音能吸引全班的注意力吗？

　　又如下面这个广告全部由一般疑问句构成：

　　People with PhDs should have inquiring minds. Consider this a simple test.

　　A) Do you want to work in world-class research laboratories?

　　B) Do you want to apply your research skills to keep a successful business at the cutting edge of world technology?

　　C) Do you want to build your career with a major international company headquartered in Australia?

　　If your answers to these questions are "yes", BHP would like to talk to you.

　　Your first challenge is to discover more by calling Theoni Parthimos, our Senior Personnel Officer.

　　3）省略句 在英语广告中，省略句比比皆是，甚至整篇广告都由省略句构成。

　　例 Serviced Greenfield sites aplenty. Ready for development. For sale. For manufacture. For business. For services. For leisure. A million square feet of ready-to-wear premise⁶. Brand new business parks. Four-star conference facilities. Backed by 14 years' success in helping⁷ business to relocate, set-up, prosper⁸, expand.

　　4) 比较级 比较级在广告中用得非常多，这是由于英语广告中有大量的形容词和副词做修饰语的缘故。

　　例1 Today in business fast is no longer fast enough, even faster is still too slow to keep pace with the incredible demands placed on people and the computers they work with. That's one reason why IBM developed P60/D. 60MHz 64-bit Pentium Chip computers so fast, so powerful, it makes today's conventional computers like they are moving at a snail's space.

　　例2 These days succeeding in business means getting more competitive and making tougher decisions.

　　例3 The new Minolta Riva Zoom⁹ 105EX is the most compact camera in a very prestigious¹⁰ class.

　　例4 In short, the stronger your character, the brighter your future.

　　5) 直接引语 在英语广告中直接引语出现得很多，原因：一是直接引语使得广告显得形式活泼、新颖；二是采用直接引语从心理学的角度看可以增强说服力。

　　例1 "It's like we're all in the same office. The office just happens to be spread across 7,000 miles of ocean," Tom Hughes MIS Director, Construction.

　　这是IBM公司的一则广告的开头语，通过该公司经理的话，使广告显得生动具体。

　　例2 "Through the NVQ initiative we have discovered talents and competencies we would never otherwise have known about." Says Ian McDermot of Philips Components¹¹ in Blackburn.

　　这是用人单位对NVQ职业培训机构的赞扬。

1 retirement   

n.退休，退职

参考例句：

• She wanted to enjoy her retirement without being beset by financial worries.她想享受退休生活而不必为金钱担忧。
• I have to put everything away for my retirement.我必须把一切都积蓄起来以便退休后用。

2 replacement   

n.取代，替换，交换；替代品，代用品

参考例句：

• We are hard put to find a replacement for our assistant.我们很难找到一个人来代替我们的助手。
• They put all the students through the replacement examination.他们让所有的学生参加分班考试。

3 qualified   

adj.合格的，有资格的，胜任的，有限制的

参考例句：

• He is qualified as a complete man of letters.他有资格当真正的文学家。
• We must note that we still lack qualified specialists.我们必须看到我们还缺乏有资质的专家。

4 pickpocket   

n.扒手；v.扒窃

参考例句：

• The pickpocket pinched her purse and ran away.扒手偷了她的皮夹子跑了。
• He had his purse stolen by a pickpocket.他的钱包被掏了。

5 ascending   

adj.上升的，向上的

参考例句：

• Now draw or trace ten dinosaurs in ascending order of size.现在按照体型由小到大的顺序画出或是临摹出10只恐龙。

6 premise   

n.前提；v.提论，预述

参考例句：

• Let me premise my argument with a bit of history.让我引述一些史实作为我立论的前提。
• We can deduce a conclusion from the premise.我们可以从这个前提推出结论。

7 helping   

n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的

参考例句：

• The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
• By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。

8 prosper   

v.成功，兴隆，昌盛；使成功，使昌隆，繁荣

参考例句：

• With her at the wheel,the company began to prosper.有了她当主管，公司开始兴旺起来。
• It is my earnest wish that this company will continue to prosper.我真诚希望这家公司会继续兴旺发达。

9 zoom   

n.急速上升；v.突然扩大，急速上升

参考例句：

• The airplane's zoom carried it above the clouds.飞机的陡直上升使它飞到云层之上。
• I live near an airport and the zoom of passing planes can be heard night and day.我住在一个飞机场附近，昼夜都能听到飞机飞过的嗡嗡声。

10 prestigious   

adj.有威望的，有声望的，受尊敬的

参考例句：

• The young man graduated from a prestigious university.这个年轻人毕业于一所名牌大学。
• You may even join a prestigious magazine as a contributing editor.甚至可能会加入一个知名杂志做编辑。

11 components   

（机器、设备等的）构成要素，零件，成分； 成分( component的名词复数 )； [物理化学]组分； [数学]分量； （混合物的）组成部分

参考例句：

• the components of a machine 机器部件
• Our chemistry teacher often reduces a compound to its components in lab. 在实验室中化学老师常把化合物分解为各种成分。