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全球难民5100万 为20年来最高

Conflicts in Iraq, Ukraine and Syria have created waves of refugees, drawing renewed attention to the large number of people who have been displaced for years. As the global community observes World Refugee Day on Friday, the number of displaced people has grown to more than 45 million - the highest level in the past two decades. Armed conflicts remain the dominant¹ cause.

伊拉克、乌克兰和叙利亚的冲突导致了难民潮，让人们重新开始关注流离失所多年的大量难民。星期五是世界难民日，全球流离失所的人已经超过5100多万人，为过去20年来最高。美国之音记者霍克说，武装冲突仍然是造成难民人数增加的主要原因。

The number of refugees and internally displaced people in Iraq is growing. Iraqis who fled their homes after the 2003 allied² invasion were joined in recent years by Syrians. Large-scale displacement³ has resumed with Sunni insurgent⁴ attacks in Iraq's north. Many ethnic⁵ Turkmen have left the city of Tal Afar.

伊拉克的难民以及国内无家可归的人数在增加。2003年，在盟国入侵伊拉克之后，伊拉克人逃离家园，最近几年叙利亚人也背井离乡。随着逊尼派反政府武装对伊拉克北部的攻击，又有大量难民流离失所。很多土库曼少数民族逃离塔勒阿法尔城。

"We were really afraid. We were afraid that a bomb would hit us or something, that something would happen to us. That's why we left," said one Turkmen fleeing the city.

一位难民说：“我们很害怕。担心炸弹会炸着我们，或者会发生什么事情，所以我们就离开了那里。”

Members of the Iraqi Turkmen Front say they will fight back.

伊拉克土库曼阵线的成员卡尔说，他们要反击。

"The Turkmen are in a difficult situation in Tal Afar. An estimated 150,000 people have fled. They need help. They will never forget what is happening," said the front’s Kasim Kar.

他说：“在塔勒阿法尔城的土库曼人情况很困难。大约15万人逃离。他们需要帮助。他们永远不会忘记发生的一切。”

Syrian refugees in Jordan, Turkey and Lebanon are beginning to lose hope of ever returning home. Some of the children born there have never seen their country of origin. The head of the United Nations refugee agency, Antonio Guterres, visited some of the overcrowded camps this week.

在约旦、土耳其和黎巴嫩的叙利亚难民开始失去能返回家园的希望。在那里出生的一些儿童从来没有见过他们的祖国。联合国难民署高级官员古特雷斯本星期视察了一些人满为患的难民营。

"We have only 20 percent of the Syrian children in Lebanon in formal education, in formal schools where they can get a diploma, where they can use to move ahead in their lives. So, it's very little what we are doing. We need much more support from the international community for Syrian refugees, but also much more support for a country like Lebanon, for Jordan - countries that are facing an enormous challenge," said Guterres.

他说：“在黎巴嫩的叙利亚儿童，仅有20%接受正式教育，在正式的学校读书，获取文凭，将来的生活能用到所学的知识。我们做的很不够。我们需要国际社会给予叙利亚难民更多支援，同时也更多地支援黎巴嫩、约旦等，这些国家面对巨大的挑战。”

Countries near conflict zones that host large groups of refugees can find caring for them a significant burden. Guterres has repeatedly called for more donations from developed countries.

冲突地区附近的一些国家接纳大量难民，照顾难民是个巨大的负担。古特雷斯多次呼吁发达国家提供更多的捐助。

"An attitude of compassion⁶ and solidarity⁷ from the international community in relation to the Syrian refugees and to the countries hosting them is needed more than ever. And what the international community is doing is very little compared with the suffering and the needs of the people we met, namely those that we met today," he said.

他说：“我们现在比以往任何时候都需要国际社会对叙利亚难民，以及接纳难民国家给予的同情和团结。与我们今天见到的难民的苦难和需要相比，国际社会目前做的微不足道。”

While donors⁸ have difficulty satisfying the needs of existing refugees, new conflicts create new waves of displaced people. About 90,000 people have fled Pakistan's military offensive against militants⁹ in North Waziristan this month.

捐助国难以满足现有难民的需要，新的冲突又在产生新的难民潮。本月，巴基斯坦军队对北瓦济里斯坦激进分子的攻势导致大约9万民众逃离。

"We fled because of the bombardment. When the jets started bombing, and the gunship helicopters started bombing all over the place, we decided¹⁰ to flee," said one resident.

一位难民说：“我们害怕轰炸，所以逃了出来。飞机轰炸时，在武装直升机开始对所有地方轰炸时，我们决定逃走。”

According to the United Nations, during the last year alone, someone was forced to abandon his or her home every four seconds. But figures reveal only one aspect of this human tragedy. Conflict tears apart the lives of thousands of families. Nearly half of all refugees are below the age of 18, and a growing number are fleeing on their own.

联合国说，仅在去年一年，每四秒钟就有一人被迫弃家逃离。但是这些数字仅揭示了这种人道悲剧的一部分。冲突撕裂了成千上万家庭的生活。在所有难民中，近一半人年龄在18岁以下，而且越来越多的人孤身逃离家园。