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拜登赴乌克兰和土耳其推动外交政策

U.S. Vice¹ President Joe Biden will tackle two conflicts at the forefront of American foreign policy when he visits Ukraine, Morocco and Turkey next week, including continued Russian aggression² in Ukraine and the fight against the Islamic State.

美国副总统拜登下周将访问乌克兰、 摩洛哥和土耳其。他访问的目的有关美国外交政策目前最关注的两项重要冲突，即俄罗斯对乌克兰的持续侵略和打击伊斯兰国组织。

Biden will meet with President Petro Poroshenko in Ukraine as reports surface that Russian tanks are rolling across the border and fears are rising that a new rebel offensive is underway, further threatening a fragile ceasefire deal reached in Minsk in September.

拜登副总统将会见乌克兰总统波罗申科。有报道说，俄罗斯坦克正越过边境，人们担心乌克兰的反政府武装将发动新一轮攻势，进一步威胁今年9月份在明斯克达成的脆弱停火协议。

“There is a lot of indication that suggests to me that Russia is not interested in promoting a solution based on Minsk, but it is interested in a frozen conflict," said former U.S. Ambassador to Ukraine Steven Pifer.

前美国驻乌克兰大使斯蒂芬·皮弗说：“很多迹象表明，俄罗斯对推动基于明斯克协议的解决办法不感兴趣，它感兴趣的维持冻结冲突。”

The senior fellow at Brookings Institution points to Russia’s refusal to withdraw troops and equipment, its opposition³ to European (OSCE or Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe) monitors along the Ukrainian-Russian border, and Moscow's support for rebel-organized elections in eastern Ukraine that were widely criticized by the West.

目前在布鲁金斯学会担任高级研究员的皮弗说，俄罗斯拒绝撤回部队和装备，反对欧安组织在俄-乌边境监控，支持反叛组织在乌克兰东部组织选举；莫斯科此举受到西方国家的广泛批评。

“Unfortunately we see no real interest on the part of Russians in moving to a peaceful settlement. And so what that means for the West is that the West has to continue to apply economic sanctions. There is lots of evidence that the sanctions are having a significant economic impact," he said.

他说：“不幸的是，我们看到俄罗斯对实现和平解决没有真正的兴趣。所以对于西方来说，这意味着西方国家必须继续实行经济制裁。有很多的证据表明，制裁对俄罗斯经济产生了重大影响。”

Biden will tackle another seemingly long-term conflict, the battle against Islamic State militants⁴, when he travels to Turkey for talks with President Recep Tayyip Erdogan.

拜登在访问土耳其与埃尔多安总统举行会谈时，还将处理另一个看来将长期存在的冲突，即打击伊斯兰国激进分子。

This is their first meeting since the vice president alleged⁵ in a speech last month that Ankara helped facilitate the rise of the extremist group by allowing foreign fighters to cross into Syria from Turkey. The comments outraged⁶ Turkey's president.

拜登的话激怒了土耳其总统。这将是从那以来拜登第一次与埃尔多安会面。拜登在上个月的一次演讲中，指责安卡拉允许外国士兵从土耳其越境进入叙利亚，助长了伊斯兰国激进组织的冒头。

It is also their first meeting since the U.S. dropped weapons and other aid to Kurdish fighters in Syria.

此前，美国还向叙利亚的库尔德武装空投了武器和其它援助物资。

Bulent Aliriza with the Center for Strategic and International Studies says a key sticking point is Turkey’s call for the immediate⁷ ouster of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad.

战略与国际研究中心的布伦特·阿里瑞扎说，一个棘手问题是土耳其呼吁叙利亚总统阿萨德立即下台。

“Until the Western allies including Turkey commit to an active program to ensure his [Assad’s] ouster, these problems will continue," said Aliriza. "Now, the Washington approach is, ‘Yes, we are committed to a Syria without President Assad, but we have to focus on the IS at the moment.’ ”

他说：“除非包括土耳其在内的西方盟国致力于积极的努力，确保阿萨德下台，否则，这些问题将会继续存在。目前华盛顿的方法是：‘没错，我们是致力于一个没有阿萨德的叙利亚，但我们此刻必须关注的是伊斯兰国’”

While the differences may center around the fight against the Islamic State,  Biden may also address a recent incident in which three American sailors were attacked by members of an ultra-nationalist Turkish group on an Istanbul street.

虽然分歧可能主要围绕在对伊斯兰国的打击，但是拜登还可能要处理最近三名美国水兵在伊斯坦布尔街头受到土耳其极端民族主义组织袭击的事件。

Analysts⁸ say though relations between the two allies are strained, they have overcome difficulties like this in the past.  In 2003, Turkey refused to allow U.S. troops to use the country as a base due to Ankara's opposition to the Iraq war.

分析人士说，虽然两个盟国之间关系紧张，但是它们过去曾经克服过类似的困难。2003年，土耳其反对伊拉克战争，拒绝允许美国军队从土耳其发起对伊拉克的攻击。”