外贸口语一点通第136期:海关检查之巧问巧答

 　　Could you please introduce some basic knowledge about the customs? 您能给我介绍一下有关海关的基础知识吗？

　　The customs is the authorities to supervise and control the whole process of import and export. It is subordinate to the national administrative¹ system. It exercises independent administrative management right both domestic and abroad on behalf of the nation. 海关是国家的进出关境管理机关，从属于国家行政管理体制，对内对外代表国家依法独立行使行政管理权。

　　The customs carries out its function of supervising the administrative systems of the nation; it is an important part of the national management. 海关履行国家行政制度的监督职能，是国家管理的一个重要组成部分。

　　The scope that the customs carries out its function of supervision² and control is the inhound and outbound or some relational activities; the subjects it supervises on are all the inbound and outbound vehicles, instrument, cargo³ and articles. 海关实施监督管理的范围是进出关境及与之有关的活动，实施监督管理的对象是所有进出关境的运输、工具、货物、物品。

　　The basic four tasks of the customs are supervision and control, collection of tax, suppress smuggling⁴ and auditting. 海关的四项基本任务是：监管、征税、缉私和统计。

　　What rights can the customs enjoy? 海关能够行使的权利是什么？

　　Right of search. The customs has the right to inspect the inbound and outbound vehicles; search the smuggling suspect vehicles and the places where smuggling stuff might be hidden and search the suspects in the coastal⁵ areas. 检察权。检查进出境运输工具；在海关监管区和海关附近沿海沿边规定地区，检查有走私嫌疑的运输工具和有藏匿走私货物、物品嫌疑的场所，检查走私嫌疑人。

　　Right of retention⁶. The customs has right to detain the vehicles, imported or exported articles with violate the customs law, administration regulations or some relational laws. 扣留权。对违反海关法或者其他有关法律、行政法规的进出境运输工具、进出境货物、物品有权扣留。

1 administrative   

adj.行政的，管理的

参考例句：

• The administrative burden must be lifted from local government.必须解除地方政府的行政负担。
• He regarded all these administrative details as beneath his notice.他认为行政管理上的这些琐事都不值一顾。

2 supervision   

n.监督，管理

参考例句：

• The work was done under my supervision.这项工作是在我的监督之下完成的。
• The old man's will was executed under the personal supervision of the lawyer.老人的遗嘱是在律师的亲自监督下执行的。

3 cargo   

n.(一只船或一架飞机运载的)货物

参考例句：

• The ship has a cargo of about 200 ton.这条船大约有200吨的货物。
• A lot of people discharged the cargo from a ship.许多人从船上卸下货物。

4 smuggling   

n.走私

参考例句：

• Some claimed that the docker's union fronted for the smuggling ring.某些人声称码头工人工会是走私集团的掩护所。
• The evidence pointed to the existence of an international smuggling network.证据表明很可能有一个国际走私网络存在。

5 coastal   

adj.海岸的，沿海的，沿岸的

参考例句：

• The ocean waves are slowly eating away the coastal rocks.大海的波浪慢慢地侵蚀着岸边的岩石。
• This country will fortify the coastal areas.该国将加强沿海地区的防御。

6 retention   

n.保留，保持，保持力，记忆力

参考例句：

• They advocate the retention of our nuclear power plants.他们主张保留我们的核电厂。
• His retention of energy at this hour is really surprising.人们惊叹他在这个时候还能保持如此旺盛的精力。