向前一步:第36期 往桌前坐(4)

 For women, feeling like a fraud is a symptom of a greater problem. 对女性来说，“感觉像个骗子”说明的是一个更严重的问题：

We consistently underestimate ourselves. 我们始终在低估自己。

Multiple studies in multiple industries show that women often judge their own performance as worse than it actually is, 各项研究都表明，女性对自身表现的评价普遍低于实际情况，

while men judge their own performance as better than it actually is. 而男性则会过高地评价自己的表现。

Assessments¹ of students in a surgery rotation² found that when asked to evaluate themselves, 研究人员在对手术室轮岗学生表现的评估中发现，当问到对自己的评价时，

the female students gave themselves lower scores than the male students despite faculty³ evaluations⁴ that showed the women outperformed the men. 女生给自己的分数普遍比男生要低，尽管其教员的评估显示女生的表现要优于男生。

A survey of several thousand potential political candidates revealed that despite having comparable credentials⁵, 对几千名潜在的政治候选人的调查揭示，尽管拥有相同的资质证书，

the men were about 60 percent more likely to think that they were "very qualified⁶" to run for political office. 男性认为自己“完全有资格”担当政治职务的可能性比女性高出约60%。

A study of close to one thousand Harvard law students found 对哈佛法学院近1000名学生的研究发现，

that in almost every category of skills relevant to practicing law, women gave themselves lower scores than men. 在与法律实践相关的每种技能上，女生给自己的分数都比男生要低。

Even worse, when women evaluate themselves in front of other people or in stereotypically⁷ male domains⁸, 更糟糕的是，当女性在其他人面前，或是在人们惯常认为是男性主导的领域中评价自己时，

their underestimations can become even more pronounced. 她们低估自己能力的现象就更加明显。

Ask a man to explain his success and he will typically credit his own innate⁹ qualities and skills. 如果让一个男性解释自己的成功，他通常会归因于自己内在的天赋、才能和技巧；

Ask a woman the same question and she will attribute her success to external factors, 如果问女性同样的问题，她一般会将成功归因于外部因素：

insisting she did well because she "worked really hard," or "got lucky," or "had help from others." 之所以表现得好是因为她们“真的非常努力工作”，“运气不错”，或“有别人的帮助”。

 

1 assessments   

n.评估( assessment的名词复数 )；评价；（应偿付金额的）估定；（为征税对财产所作的）估价

参考例句：

• He was shrewd in his personal assessments. 他总能对人作出精明的评价。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Surveys show about two-thirds use such assessments, while half employ personality tests. 调查表明，约有三分之二的公司采用了这种测评；而一半的公司则采用工作人员个人品质测试。 来自百科语句

2 rotation   

n.旋转；循环，轮流

参考例句：

• Crop rotation helps prevent soil erosion.农作物轮作有助于防止水土流失。
• The workers in this workshop do day and night shifts in weekly rotation.这个车间的工人上白班和上夜班每周轮换一次。

3 faculty   

n.才能；学院，系；(学院或系的)全体教学人员

参考例句：

• He has a great faculty for learning foreign languages.他有学习外语的天赋。
• He has the faculty of saying the right thing at the right time.他有在恰当的时候说恰当的话的才智。

4 evaluations   

估价( evaluation的名词复数 )； 赋值； 估计价值； [医学]诊断

参考例句：

• In fact, our moral evaluations are merely expressions of our desires. 事实上，我们的道德评价只是我们欲望的表达形式。 来自哲学部分
• Properly speaking, however, these evaluations and insights are not within the concept of official notice. 但准确地讲，这些评估和深远见识并未包括在官方通知概念里。

5 credentials   

n.证明，资格，证明书，证件

参考例句：

• He has long credentials of diplomatic service.他的外交工作资历很深。
• Both candidates for the job have excellent credentials.此项工作的两个求职者都非常符合资格。

6 qualified   

adj.合格的，有资格的，胜任的，有限制的

参考例句：

• He is qualified as a complete man of letters.他有资格当真正的文学家。
• We must note that we still lack qualified specialists.我们必须看到我们还缺乏有资质的专家。

7 stereotypically   

adv.带有成见地(stereotype的副词形式)

参考例句：

8 domains   

n.范围( domain的名词复数 )；领域；版图；地产

参考例句：

• The theory of thermodynamics links the macroscopic and submicroscopic domains. 热力学把宏观世界同亚微观世界联系起来。 来自辞典例句
• All three flow domains are indicated by shading. 所有三个流动区域都是用阴影部分表示的。 来自辞典例句

9 innate   

adj.天生的，固有的，天赋的

参考例句：

• You obviously have an innate talent for music.你显然有天生的音乐才能。
• Correct ideas are not innate in the mind.人的正确思想不是自己头脑中固有的。