新闻周刊:娜斯鲍姆专访:特朗普的恐惧厌恶策略可以被击败(4)

Martin Luther King Jr. is my model for how to think about public anger. His issues as a custodian¹ were quite different; they were about how to shape emotions within his own movement, as well as the general public. What he said is that anger has a protest part, where you say that terrible wrong has been done and we must not have that happen again. But it also has a retributive part, where the intention is to inflict² pain on the people who gave us pain. He found that path useless because it’s not forward-looking or radical—it is just an easy way of acting³ out.

马丁·路德·金是我思考公众愤怒的榜样。他作为管理者遇到的问题是完全不同的；这些问题是是关于如何在他自己的运动中塑造情感，以及如何在公众中塑造情感。他说愤怒是抗议的一部分，而你们说已经犯下了可怕的错误且决不能让这种事情再次发生。但它也有报应的部分，意图是将痛苦强加给带给我们痛苦的人。他发现这条路毫无用处，因为它既不具有前瞻性，也不激进——这只是一种简单的行动方式。

He then said, “What do we do when we have these people who come with anger into the movement?” He said their anger has to be purified and channelized and linked with different emotions, such as hope, faith in the possibility of justice and, above all, love. You don’t even have to like these people, but you do have to have a basic goodwill⁴ toward their humanity and for their capacity for good action. You have to have the sense that it is always possible for people to listen and to change. Turning outward to the white body, he would say, “Well, you left us with a bad check that’s come back marked ‘insufficient funds,’ but you can always pay your debt.”

他还说，“当我们让这些带着愤怒的人加入这个运动时，我们该怎么办?”他表示他们的愤怒必须得到净化和渠道化，并与不同的情绪联系起来，如希望、相信正义，最重要的是，爱。你甚至不需要喜欢这些人，但你必须对他们的人性和他们的善行能力有基本的善意。你必须意识到，人们总是有可能倾听并作出改变的。他会转向白人，说:“好吧，你给我们留下了一张空头支票，上面写着‘资金不足’，但你总能偿还债务。”

That was a wonderful way of shaping public emotion in the most dangerous and difficult of American political situations. If he had not had that soaring and poetic⁵ rhetorical power, the whole country could well have burned down. It’s so important that he lived.

在美国最危险、最困难的政治形势下，这是塑造公众情绪的一种绝妙方式。如果他没有那种气势磅礴、充满诗意的修辞力量，整个国家很可能会被烧毁。重要的是他还活着。

You write about the importance of trust to a functioning democracy. Can you elaborate?

你写到了信任对一个正常运转的民主国家的重要性。你能详细讲讲吗?

If you are in an absolute monarchy⁷, and the monarch⁶ is just extracting subservience⁸ and obedience⁹, you may be able to rely on what the monarch will do. But reliance is different from trust.

如果你是在一个绝对的君主政体中，君主只是在榨取臣服和服从，那么你就可以依赖君主会做什么。但是信赖和信任是不同的。

Trust means something more; it means a willingness to be exposed and to allow your project and your future to lie in the hands of someone else. Think about a bad marriage. If somebody is ruling by fear, you might be able to rely on that person’s brutal¹⁰ behavior, but you wouldn’t trust that person.

信任意味着更多方面；意味着愿意被曝光，愿意让你的项目和你的未来掌握在别人手中。想想一段糟糕的婚姻。如果一个人被恐惧统治，你可能会信赖那个人的野蛮行为，但你不会信任那个人。

A democracy depends on the idea that your hopes and future lie in the hands of people you don’t know. Bad decisions will be made, and your opinion won’t always win, but there is trust that the outcome—more often than not—will be one we can live with. And that requires a respect for the people on the other side, even when we think they are doing something wrong.

民主取决于这样一种观念:你的希望和未来掌握在你不认识的人手中。我们会做出错误的决定，而你的意见并不总是能赢得胜利，但我们相信，结果往往是我们可以接受的。这需要尊重另一边的人，即使我们认为他们做错了什么。

But it’s more than respect; trust involves allowing yourself to be vulnerable—to not sealing off the outcome and letting it sit there in the ballot¹¹ box. It’s a big demand that requires a certain attitude towards the political process. I am very distressed¹² at President Trump’s attacks on that process. We have lots of evidence that voter fraud is not an issue, but the constant harping¹³ on it is a very bad thing. The same goes for Trump’s attacks on the media. We need to believe that the news—at least a lot of it—is true, and we need to rely on that for the political process to work.

但这不仅仅是尊重;信任包括让你自己变得脆弱——不封闭结果，让它留在投票箱里。这个要求很大，需要对政治进程有一定的态度。我对特朗普总统对这一进程的攻击感到非常痛心。我们有很多证据表明，选举舞弊不是一个问题，但是不断地重复这个问题是一件非常糟糕的事情。特朗普对媒体的攻击也是如此。我们需要相信这些新闻——至少很多是真的——我们需要依靠这些新闻来推动政治进程。

1 custodian   

n.保管人，监护人；公共建筑看守

参考例句：

• Benitez believes his custodian is among the top five in world football.贝尼特斯坚信他的门将是当今足坛最出色的五人之一。
• When his father died his uncle became his legal custodian.他父亲死后，他叔叔成了他的法定监护人。

2 inflict   

vt.(on)把…强加给，使遭受，使承担

参考例句：

• Don't inflict your ideas on me.不要把你的想法强加于我。
• Don't inflict damage on any person.不要伤害任何人。

3 acting   

n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的

参考例句：

• Ignore her,she's just acting.别理她，她只是假装的。
• During the seventies,her acting career was in eclipse.在七十年代，她的表演生涯黯然失色。

4 goodwill   

n.善意，亲善，信誉，声誉

参考例句：

• His heart is full of goodwill to all men.他心里对所有人都充满着爱心。
• We paid ￡10,000 for the shop,and ￡2000 for its goodwill.我们用一万英镑买下了这家商店，两千英镑买下了它的信誉。

5 poetic   

adj.富有诗意的，有诗人气质的，善于抒情的

参考例句：

• His poetic idiom is stamped with expressions describing group feeling and thought.他的诗中的措辞往往带有描写群体感情和思想的印记。
• His poetic novels have gone through three different historical stages.他的诗情小说创作经历了三个不同的历史阶段。

6 monarch   

n.帝王，君主，最高统治者

参考例句：

• The monarch's role is purely ceremonial.君主纯粹是个礼仪职位。
• I think myself happier now than the greatest monarch upon earth.我觉得这个时候比世界上什么帝王都快乐。

7 monarchy   

n.君主，最高统治者；君主政体，君主国

参考例句：

• The monarchy in England plays an important role in British culture.英格兰的君主政体在英国文化中起重要作用。
• The power of the monarchy in Britain today is more symbolical than real.今日英国君主的权力多为象徵性的，无甚实际意义。

8 subservience   

n.有利，有益；从属（地位），附属性；屈从，恭顺；媚态

参考例句：

• I could not make subservience an automatic part of my behavior. 我不能把阿谀奉承化为我自动奉行的处世之道。 来自辞典例句
• All his actions were in subservience to the general plan. 他的所有行为对整体计划有帮助。 来自互联网

9 obedience   

n.服从，顺从

参考例句：

• Society has a right to expect obedience of the law.社会有权要求人人遵守法律。
• Soldiers act in obedience to the orders of their superior officers.士兵们遵照上级军官的命令行动。

10 brutal   

adj.残忍的，野蛮的，不讲理的

参考例句：

• She has to face the brutal reality.她不得不去面对冷酷的现实。
• They're brutal people behind their civilised veneer.他们表面上温文有礼，骨子里却是野蛮残忍。

11 ballot   

n.（不记名）投票，投票总数，投票权；vi.投票

参考例句：

• The members have demanded a ballot.会员们要求投票表决。
• The union said they will ballot members on whether to strike.工会称他们将要求会员投票表决是否罢工。

12 distressed   

痛苦的

参考例句：

• He was too distressed and confused to answer their questions. 他非常苦恼而困惑，无法回答他们的问题。
• The news of his death distressed us greatly. 他逝世的消息使我们极为悲痛。

13 harping   

n.反复述说

参考例句：

• Don't keep harping on like that. 别那样唠叨个没完。
• You're always harping on the samestring. 你总是老调重弹。