英国卫报：独狼式恐怖分子的故事(7)

A third category is made up of attackers who strike alone, after having had close contact online, rather than face-to-face, with extremist groups or individuals.

第三类是在网上与极端主义团体或个人有过密切接触，而不是面对面接触后，单独发动袭击的人。

A wave of attackers in France last year were, at first, wrongly seen as lone¹ wolves inspired rather than commissioned by Isis.

去年在法国发生的一波袭击事件，起初被错误地认为是受到伊希斯组织的启发而不是委托的独狼。

It soon emerged that the individuals involved, such as the two teenagers who killed a priest in front of his congregation in Normandy, had been recruited online by a senior Isis militant².

很快，人们发现，参与袭击的个人，如在诺曼底当着一名牧师的面杀害他的会众的两名青少年，是由一名资深的伊希斯武装分子在线招募的。

In three recent incidents in Germany, all initially³ dubbed⁴ lone-wolf attacks, Isis militants⁵ actually used messaging apps to direct recruits in the minutes before they attacked.

在最近发生在德国的三起事件中，最初都被称为独狼式袭击，伊希斯武装分子在袭击前的几分钟内实际上使用了信息应用来指导招募人员。

Pray that I become a martyr⁶, one attacker who assaulted passengers on a train with an axe⁷ and knife told his interlocutor.

一位在火车上用斧头和刀袭击乘客的袭击者告诉他的对话者，祈祷我成为一名烈士。

I am now waiting for the train.

我现在在等火车。

Then: I am starting now.

然后：现在开始了。

Very often, what appear to be the clearest lone-wolf cases are revealed to be more complex.

很多时候，看似最明显的独狼案件，结果显示更加复杂。

Even the strange case of the man who killed 86 people with a truck in Nice in July 2016 C with his background of alcohol abuse, casual sex and lack of apparent interest in religion or radical⁸ ideologies⁹ C may not be a true lone wolf.

即使是2016年7月在尼斯用卡车杀死86人的男子，他的背景是酗酒、随意性行为以及对宗教或激进意识形态缺乏明显兴趣也可能不是真正的独狼。

Eight of his friends and associates have been arrested and police are investigating his potential links to a broader network.

他的八个朋友和同伙已经被逮捕，警方正在调查他与一个更广泛的网络的潜在联系。

What research does show is that we may be more likely to find lone wolves among far-right extremists than among their jihadi counterparts.

研究确实表明，我们在极右翼极端分子中发现独狼的可能性比在圣战分子中发现独狼的可能性要大。

Though even in those cases, the term still conceals¹⁰ more than it reveals.

尽管即使在这些情况下，这个词所掩盖的东西仍然多于它所揭示的。

The murder of the Labour MP Jo Cox, days before the EU referendum, by a 52-year-old called Thomas Mair, was the culmination¹¹ of a steady intensification¹² of rightwing extremist violence in the UK that had been largely ignored by the media and policymakers.

在脱欧公投前几天，工党议员乔-考克斯（Jo Cox）被52岁的托马斯-梅尔（Thomas Mair）谋杀，这是英国右翼极端主义暴力不断加剧的结果，而媒体和政策制定者在很大程度上忽视了这一情况。

According to police, on several occasions attackers came close to causing more casualties in a single operation than jihadis had ever inflicted¹³.

据警方称，有几次，袭击者在一次行动中造成的伤亡接近于圣战分子所造成的伤亡。

The closest call came in 2013 when Pavlo Lapshyn, a Ukrainian PhD student in the UK, planted a bomb outside a mosque¹⁴ in Tipton, West Midlands.

最接近的一次是在2013年，在英国的乌克兰博士生帕夫洛-拉普申（Pavlo Lapshyn）在西米德兰郡蒂普顿的一座清真寺外放置了一枚炸弹。

Fortunately, Lapshyn had got his timings wrong and the congregation had yet to gather when the device exploded.

幸运的是，拉普申搞错了时间，装置爆炸时教徒们还没有聚集。

Embedded¹⁵ in the trunks of trees surrounding the building, police found some of the 100 nails Lapshyn had added to the bomb to make it more lethal¹⁶.

警方在建筑物周围的树干上发现了拉普申在炸弹上添加的100枚钉子中的一部分，以使其更具杀伤力。

Lapshyn was a recent arrival, but the UK has produced numerous homegrown far-right extremists in recent years.

拉普申是最近才到英国的，但英国近年来已经产生了许多本土的极右翼极端主义分子。

One was Martyn Gilleard, who was sentenced to 16 years for terrorism and child pornography offences in 2008.

其中一个是马丁-吉拉德（Martyn Gilleard），他在2008年因恐怖主义和儿童色情罪被判处16年徒刑。

When officers searched his home in Goole, East Yorkshire, they found knives, guns, machetes, swords, axes, bullets and four nail bombs.

当警官搜查他在东约克郡古尔的家时，他们发现了刀、枪、砍刀、剑、斧头、子弹和四个钉子炸弹。

A year later, Ian Davison became the first Briton convicted under new legislation dealing¹⁷ with the production of chemical weapons.

一年后，伊恩-戴维森成为根据处理化学武器生产的新立法而被定罪的第一个英国人。

Davison was sentenced to 10 years in prison for manufacturing ricin, a lethal biological poison made from castor beans.

戴维森因制造蓖麻毒素而被判处10年监禁，蓖麻毒素是一种由蓖麻豆制成的致命生物毒药。

His aim, the court heard, was the creation of an international Aryan group who would establish white supremacy¹⁸ in white countries.

法庭获悉，他的目的是建立一个国际雅利安人团体，在白人国家建立白人至上主义。

Lapshyn, Gilleard and Davison were each described as lone wolves by police officers, judges and journalists.

警察、法官和记者将拉普申、吉拉德和戴维森描述为“独狼”。

Yet even a cursory¹⁹ survey of their individual stories undermines this description.

然而，即使对他们个人的故事进行粗略的调查也会破坏这种描述。

1 lone   

adj.孤寂的，单独的；唯一的

参考例句：

• A lone sea gull flew across the sky.一只孤独的海鸥在空中飞过。
• She could see a lone figure on the deserted beach.她在空旷的海滩上能看到一个孤独的身影。

2 militant   

adj.激进的，好斗的；n.激进分子，斗士

参考例句：

• Some militant leaders want to merge with white radicals.一些好斗的领导人要和白人中的激进派联合。
• He is a militant in the movement.他在那次运动中是个激进人物。

3 initially   

adv.最初，开始

参考例句：

• The ban was initially opposed by the US.这一禁令首先遭到美国的反对。
• Feathers initially developed from insect scales.羽毛最初由昆虫的翅瓣演化而来。

4 dubbed   

v.给…起绰号( dub的过去式和过去分词 )；把…称为；配音；复制

参考例句：

• Mathematics was once dubbed the handmaiden of the sciences. 数学曾一度被视为各门科学的基础。
• Is the movie dubbed or does it have subtitles? 这部电影是配音的还是打字幕的？ 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 militants   

激进分子，好斗分子( militant的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The militants have been sporadically fighting the government for years. 几年来，反叛分子一直对政府实施零星的战斗。
• Despite the onslaught, Palestinian militants managed to fire off rockets. 尽管如此，巴勒斯坦的激进分子仍然发射导弹。

6 martyr   

n.烈士，殉难者；vt.杀害，折磨，牺牲

参考例句：

• The martyr laid down his life for the cause of national independence.这位烈士是为了民族独立的事业而献身的。
• The newspaper carried the martyr's photo framed in black.报上登载了框有黑边的烈士遗像。

7 axe   

n.斧子；v.用斧头砍，削减

参考例句：

• Be careful with that sharp axe.那把斧子很锋利，你要当心。
• The edge of this axe has turned.这把斧子卷了刃了。

8 radical   

n.激进份子，原子团，根号；adj.根本的，激进的，彻底的

参考例句：

• The patient got a radical cure in the hospital.病人在医院得到了根治。
• She is radical in her demands.她的要求十分偏激。

9 ideologies   

n.思想（体系）( ideology的名词复数 )；思想意识；意识形态；观念形态

参考例句：

• There is no fundamental diversity between the two ideologies. 这两种思想意识之间并没有根本的分歧。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Radical ideologies require to contrast to their own goodness the wickedness of some other system. 凡是过激的意识形态，都需要有另外一个丑恶的制度作对比，才能衬托出自己的善良。 来自辞典例句

10 conceals   

v.隐藏，隐瞒，遮住( conceal的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• He conceals his worries behind a mask of nonchalance. 他装作若无其事，借以掩饰内心的不安。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Drunkenness reveals what soberness conceals. 酒醉吐真言。 来自《简明英汉词典》

11 culmination   

n.顶点；最高潮

参考例句：

• The space race reached its culmination in the first moon walk.太空竞争以第一次在月球行走而达到顶峰。
• It may truly be regarded as the culmination of classical Greek geometry.这确实可以看成是古典希腊几何的登峰造级之作。

12 intensification   

n.激烈化，增强明暗度；加厚

参考例句：

• The intensification of the immunological response represents the body's natural defense. 增强免疫反应代表身体的自然保卫。 来自辞典例句
• Agriculture in the developing nations is not irreversibly committed, to a particular pattern of intensification. 发展中国家的农业并没有完全为某种集约化形式所束缚。 来自辞典例句

13 inflicted   

把…强加给，使承受，遭受( inflict的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• They inflicted a humiliating defeat on the home team. 他们使主队吃了一场很没面子的败仗。
• Zoya heroically bore the torture that the Fascists inflicted upon her. 卓娅英勇地承受法西斯匪徒加在她身上的酷刑。

14 mosque   

n.清真寺

参考例句：

• The mosque is a activity site and culture center of Muslim religion.清真寺为穆斯林宗教活动场所和文化中心。
• Some years ago the clock in the tower of the mosque got out of order.几年前，清真寺钟楼里的大钟失灵了。

15 embedded   

a.扎牢的

参考例句：

• an operation to remove glass that was embedded in his leg 取出扎入他腿部玻璃的手术
• He has embedded his name in the minds of millions of people. 他的名字铭刻在数百万人民心中。

16 lethal   

adj.致死的；毁灭性的

参考例句：

• A hammer can be a lethal weapon.铁锤可以是致命的武器。
• She took a lethal amount of poison and died.她服了致命剂量的毒药死了。

17 dealing   

n.经商方法，待人态度

参考例句：

• This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
• His fair dealing earned our confidence.他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。

18 supremacy   

n.至上；至高权力

参考例句：

• No one could challenge her supremacy in gymnastics.她是最优秀的体操运动员，无人能胜过她。
• Theoretically,she holds supremacy as the head of the state.从理论上说，她作为国家的最高元首拥有至高无上的权力。

19 cursory   

adj.粗略的；草率的；匆促的

参考例句：

• He signed with only a cursory glance at the report.他只草草看了一眼报告就签了名。
• The only industry mentioned is agriculture and it is discussed in a cursory sentence.实业方面只谈到农业,而且只是匆匆带了一句。