英国新闻听力 俄被指空袭平民违反国际法

The campaign group Amnesty International says it has evidences that Russian air strikes in Syria since September have killed hundreds of civilians² causing widespread and indiscriminate destruction to infrastructure³. Amnesty suggests the strikes are in violations⁴ of international humanitarian⁵ law and accuses Russia of attempting a cover-up. Sarah Rainsford reports from Moscow. After interviewing witnesses, doctors and human rights groups, Amnesty reports that homes and hospitals were hit as well as a market and a mosque⁶. In most cases, the location and timing⁷ of the attacks tally⁸ with Russian defense⁹ ministry¹⁰ reports on air strikes though it says it was targeting so-called IS militants¹¹. Despite dropping thousands of bombs in Syria, Russian officials have never acknowledged causing any civilian¹ casualties there. They extolled¹² effective pinpoints¹³ strikes against terrorists and had dismissed previous claims to the country as part of an anti-Russian information war by the west.

Iraqi forces are moving closer to the center of Ramadi after launching a major assault to drive out IS fighters who captured the city in May. Authorities say troops have taken control of several districts where hundreds of IS militants are believed to remain. Iraq's ambassador to the US Lukman Faily said Iraqi soldiers were making major gains against the jihadists. We have a joyful¹⁴ day for us Iraqis. We're stepping inch by inch of retaking Ramadi which we lost back earlier in the year. And we're more or less near the center and we are making significant progress in making sure that we can sustain and minimize collateral¹⁵ damage and obviously get to redwarf IS once and for all.

Military planes in Helmand in southern Afghanistan have dropped food supplies in the town of Sangin where Taliban militants are besieging¹⁶ a few hundred police and soldiers cut off from the rest of the province. Helmand's governor confirmed the air drops，but declined to say whether promised military reinforcements were on the way to Sangin. Civilians have been fleeing the town. Some say that Taliban have been executing security officials after storming government buildings.

A senior official in World Athletics¹⁷ Nick Davies is temporarily stepping down, pending¹⁸ an internal investigation¹⁹ into an email he sent linked to Russian doping. The email to a colleague of the sport's governing body, the IAAF, suggests delaying naming Russian drugs cheats as long as they were not competing to spare embarrassment²⁰ ahead of the 2013 world championships in Moscow. Mr Davies has denied any wrongdoing. But the British MP Damian Collins says the claims are damaging. It suggests that they've prioritized their own reputation over dealing²¹ with the serious issue of drug cheats competing in major championships. I thinks it also adds weight to the argument that has been made against the IAAF that rather than moving quickly to identify cheats and have them exposed and removed from competition, they have moved too slowly and put up barriers to making that progress. World news from the BBC.

France says it's turned away nearly three and a half thousand people from its borders since a state of emergency was introduced after last month's attacks in Paris. The French Interior Minister Bernard Cazeneuve said they were refused entry because they posed a risk to security and public order.

The president of Colombia Juan Manuel Santos has signed a decree legalizing marijuana for medical use. He decided²² the move as an important step placing Colombia at the forefront of the fight against disease. He insisted it didn't contradict the country's international commitments on drugs control. Colombia has long been associated with the US-led war on drugs. It is latest Latin American country to move towards legalizing marijuana.

The American airspace agency NASA has suspended the launch of its next mission to Mars because of a fault in a key search instrument. The InSight space craft was scheduled to take off in March and land on Mars six months later. Michael Sanders reports. It's a problem that will cause a major delay. The window for sending a probe to Mars lasts a matter of weeks and comes around only once every 26 months. The next time Earth and Mars are in favorable alignment²³ won't happen again until 2018. The snag lies with the seismometer, capable of measuring group movement as small as the diameter of an atom. It needs a vacuum seal around the three sensors²⁴ and twice now that seal has leaked in the kind of the extreme cold found on Mars. But NASA points to previous successes after postponements saying that they far outweighed²⁵ any disappointment about delay.

France's most famous brothel keeper Madame Claude has died on the French era aged²⁶ 92. Her clientele during 1960s and 70s included ministers, business leaders, police chiefs, gagsters and even she claimed the Shah of Iran and John F Kennedy. Pursued by the French tax authorities, she fled to the US, returning in 1986 to spend time in jail. In later years, she lived as a recluse²⁷ in a apartment in Nice. BBC news.

国际特赦组织表示，他们有证据表明俄罗斯在叙利亚杀害大量平民，自从9月俄罗斯向叙利亚发动空袭开始，数百名平民死亡，基础设施遭到大面积破坏。该组织认为空袭违反“国际人道法”，并指责俄罗斯故意隐瞒。请听萨拉·斯福从莫斯科发回的报道。在结束对目击者、医生以及人权观察组织的询问后，国际特赦表示住宅区、一所清真寺、一个集市以及数家医院被毁。在多次空袭中，攻击的位置和时间与国防部报告相符，称他们的目标是“伊斯兰国”极端组织。虽然俄向叙投放了数千枚炮弹，但俄方从未承认他们“滥杀无辜”。吹捧自己在打击“伊斯兰国”的高效精准，并推翻了西方“反俄”势力关于俄预借空袭掌控叙利亚的讯息。

伊拉克政府军向拉马迪发动猛攻，今年5月，拉马迪遭“伊斯兰国”占领，目前政府军正在向市中心集结。官方表示军方已收复部分地区，并认为仍有数百名“伊斯兰国”残军驻扎。伊拉克驻华盛顿大使卢克曼·法伊利表示，伊军在这场反“圣战”战争中取得了优势。这是伊拉克人民欢乐的日子。我们正在一步步收复拉马迪，今年年初，拉马迪被“伊斯兰国”占领。我们正靠近市中心，我们取得了实质性进展，我们要继续保持，将“间接损失”降到最低，“伊斯兰国”遭到了我们的重创。

在阿富汗南部省市赫尔曼德，军方向桑金镇空投物资，桑金现与外界完全切断，数百名警察和安全部队人员遭塔利班包围。赫尔曼德省省长证实向该地空投物资，但就援军一事未能给予回应。平民已逃离桑金镇。有报道称，塔利班武装人员在攻占政府大楼后杀害安保人员。

因接受内部调查，国际田联高层尼克·戴维斯暂时离职，他被爆出发过一封俄运动员“涉药”邮件。该封邮件的收件人为国际田联内部人士，该邮件的内容是希望在田径世锦赛结束前不要曝光涉药名单。戴维斯表示他没有做任何违法行为。但英国国会议员达米安·科林斯认为该声明很具破坏性。通过这份邮件表明，在处理“涉药”运动员参加重大比赛上，国际田联的“面子”更为重要。我想比公开“涉药”运动员，做出禁赛决定更为重要的是，国际田联也会因此而变成众矢之的，他们的行动过于缓慢，并因障碍重重而很难取得进展。BBC全球新闻。

因上月发生恐袭事件，法国全国进入紧急状态，近3500名难民也因此而被“拒之门外”。法国内政部长卡泽纳夫表示，难民对公共安全构成威胁。

哥伦比亚总统桑托斯签署法令，允许医用大麻。他认为此举是本国医疗产业迈向领先地位的重要一步。他坚称此项法令与国际禁毒行动并不冲突。在美国主导下，哥美举行了长期禁毒活动。哥伦比亚也是拉丁美洲国家中最新实施大麻合法化的国家。

因探测仪存在问题，美国国家航空航天局决定暂停火星发射任务。“洞察”号探测器计划于明年3月发射，6个月后登陆火星。请听麦克·桑德斯的报道。探测器会因仪器问题而长时间无法发射。发射窗口期只有几周，而下一个窗口期需等到26个月后。要想地球和火星达到理想关系，下一次发生就要等到2018年。问题出现在了地震仪，它可以检测小至原子级别的地面运动。在火星的寒冷条件下，它要求对3个主传感器进行真空密封。但美航天局指出，我们有因延期发射的成功案例，称并不会对此次延期而感到失望。

法国最著名应召女郎克劳德夫人在家中逝世，享年92岁。20世纪60-70年代，她曾招待过政界人士、商界领袖、警界高层、黑帮，她甚至还曝光了肯尼迪和伊朗国王。因躲避法国高昂税费，克劳德曾潜逃美国，1986年回国服刑。晚年，她隐居在尼斯。BBC新闻。

1 civilian   

adj.平民的，民用的，民众的

参考例句：

• There is no reliable information about civilian casualties.关于平民的伤亡还没有确凿的信息。
• He resigned his commission to take up a civilian job.他辞去军职而从事平民工作。

2 civilians   

平民，百姓( civilian的名词复数 )； 老百姓

参考例句：

• the bloody massacre of innocent civilians 对无辜平民的血腥屠杀
• At least 300 civilians are unaccounted for after the bombing raids. 遭轰炸袭击之后，至少有300名平民下落不明。

3 infrastructure   

n.下部构造，下部组织，基础结构，基础设施

参考例句：

• We should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。
• We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设，发展各类群众文化。

4 violations   

违反( violation的名词复数 )； 冒犯； 违反（行为、事例）； 强奸

参考例句：

• This is one of the commonest traffic violations. 这是常见的违反交通规则之例。
• These violations of the code must cease forthwith. 这些违犯法规的行为必须立即停止。

5 humanitarian   

n.人道主义者，博爱者，基督凡人论者

参考例句：

• She has many humanitarian interests and contributes a lot to them.她拥有很多慈善事业，并作了很大的贡献。
• The British government has now suspended humanitarian aid to the area.英国政府现已暂停对这一地区的人道主义援助。

6 mosque   

n.清真寺

参考例句：

• The mosque is a activity site and culture center of Muslim religion.清真寺为穆斯林宗教活动场所和文化中心。
• Some years ago the clock in the tower of the mosque got out of order.几年前，清真寺钟楼里的大钟失灵了。

7 timing   

n.时间安排，时间选择

参考例句：

• The timing of the meeting is not convenient.会议的时间安排不合适。
• The timing of our statement is very opportune.我们发表声明选择的时机很恰当。

8 tally   

n.计数器，记分，一致，测量；vt.计算，记录，使一致；vi.计算，记分，一致

参考例句：

• Don't forget to keep a careful tally of what you spend.别忘了仔细记下你的开支账目。
• The facts mentioned in the report tally to every detail.报告中所提到的事实都丝毫不差。

9 defense   

n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩

参考例句：

• The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
• The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。

10 ministry   

n.(政府的)部；牧师

参考例句：

• They sent a deputation to the ministry to complain.他们派了一个代表团到部里投诉。
• We probed the Air Ministry statements.我们调查了空军部的记录。

11 militants   

激进分子，好斗分子( militant的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The militants have been sporadically fighting the government for years. 几年来，反叛分子一直对政府实施零星的战斗。
• Despite the onslaught, Palestinian militants managed to fire off rockets. 尽管如此，巴勒斯坦的激进分子仍然发射导弹。

12 extolled   

v.赞颂，赞扬，赞美( extol的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• He was extolled as the founder of their Florentine school. 他被称颂为佛罗伦萨画派的鼻祖。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• Tessenow decried the metropolis and extolled the peasant virtues. 特森诺夫痛诋大都市，颂扬农民的美德。 来自辞典例句

13 pinpoints   

准确地找出或描述( pinpoint的第三人称单数 )； 为…准确定位

参考例句：

• The bombs hit the pinpoints at which they were aimed. 炸弹精确地击中了目标。
• There's really no point in arguing about pinpoints. 为芝麻绿豆般的小事争论实在毫无意义。

14 joyful   

adj.欢乐的，令人欢欣的

参考例句：

• She was joyful of her good result of the scientific experiments.她为自己的科学实验取得好成果而高兴。
• They were singing and dancing to celebrate this joyful occasion.他们唱着、跳着庆祝这令人欢乐的时刻。

15 collateral   

adj.平行的；旁系的；n.担保品

参考例句：

• Many people use personal assets as collateral for small business loans.很多人把个人财产用作小额商业贷款的抵押品。
• Most people here cannot borrow from banks because they lack collateral.由于拿不出东西作为抵押，这里大部分人无法从银行贷款。

16 besieging   

包围，围困，围攻( besiege的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• They constituted a near-insuperable obstacle to the besieging infantry. 它们就会形成围城步兵几乎不可逾越的障碍。
• He concentrated the sun's rays on the Roman ships besieging the city and burned them. 他把集中的阳光照到攻城的罗马船上，把它们焚毁。

17 athletics   

n.运动，体育，田径运动

参考例句：

• When I was at school I was always hopeless at athletics.我上学的时候体育十分糟糕。
• Our team tied with theirs in athletics.在田径比赛中，我们队与他们队旗鼓相当。

18 pending   

prep.直到，等待…期间；adj.待定的；迫近的

参考例句：

• The lawsuit is still pending in the state court.这案子仍在州法庭等待定夺。
• He knew my examination was pending.他知道我就要考试了。

19 investigation   

n.调查，调查研究

参考例句：

• In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
• He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。

20 embarrassment   

n.尴尬；使人为难的人(事物)；障碍；窘迫

参考例句：

• She could have died away with embarrassment.她窘迫得要死。
• Coughing at a concert can be a real embarrassment.在音乐会上咳嗽真会使人难堪。

21 dealing   

n.经商方法，待人态度

参考例句：

• This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
• His fair dealing earned our confidence.他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。

22 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

23 alignment   

n.队列；结盟，联合

参考例句：

• The church should have no political alignment.教会不应与政治结盟。
• Britain formed a close alignment with Egypt in the last century.英国在上个世纪与埃及结成了紧密的联盟。

24 sensors   

n.传感器，灵敏元件( sensor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• There were more than 2000 sensors here. 这里装有两千多个灵敏元件。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Significant changes have been noted where sensors were exposed to trichloride. 当传感器暴露在三氯化物中时，有很大变化。 来自辞典例句

25 outweighed   

v.在重量上超过( outweigh的过去式和过去分词 )；在重要性或价值方面超过

参考例句：

• This boxer outweighed by his opponent 20 pounds. 这个拳击选手体重比他的对手重20磅。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• She outweighed me by ten pounds, and sometimes she knocked me down. 她的体重超过我十磅，有时竟把我撞倒。 来自百科语句

26 aged   

adj.年老的，陈年的

参考例句：

• He had put on weight and aged a little.他胖了，也老点了。
• He is aged,but his memory is still good.他已年老，然而记忆力还好。

27 recluse   

n.隐居者

参考例句：

• The old recluse secluded himself from the outside world.这位老隐士与外面的世界隔绝了。
• His widow became a virtual recluse for the remainder of her life.他的寡妻孤寂地度过了余生。