英语听力精选进阶版 10163

The US attorney general has signalled a major shift in prison policy by announcing a reduction in the use of mandatory¹ sentencing for some drugs-related offences. Eric Holder² said that certain low-level nonviolent drug offenders³ with no ties to organised crime will no longer be charged with offences that impose what he termed draconian⁴ and mandatory minimum sentences. Jane Little reports from Washington.

美国总检察长宣布减少对毒品相关犯罪的强制性判决，这标志着监狱政策的重大改变。埃里克·霍尔德称一些与有组织犯罪无关的低水平非暴力毒品犯罪者不再被施以以严苛和强制性的最低刑期。Jane Little在华盛顿报道。

The US has 5% of the world’s population, but almost 25% of its prison population. Almost half of its inmates⁵ are serving time for drug-related offences, a legacy⁶ of the five decades’ long war on drugs. The Attorney General Eric Holder said it was time to end that broken system, one he said trapped too many communities in a vicious cycle of poverty, criminality and incarceration⁷.

美国人口占全世界的5%，但其囚犯人数占全世界的近25%。几乎一半的囚犯因毒品相关犯罪而服刑，这是五十年毒品战的结果。总检察长埃里克·霍尔德称是结束破败系统的时候了，他说该系统使得太多社区陷入贫困、犯罪和监禁的恶性循环。

Gunmen in Nigeria have killed at least 44 people at a mosque⁸ in the north-east of the country. Will Ross in Lagos has the details.

在尼日利亚东北部一座清真寺，武装分子杀死至少44人。威尔·罗斯报道。

An official from Borno state said the gunmen opened fire on a mosque in Konduga town during dawn prayers. Sunday’s attack left at least 44 people dead and is likely to have been carried out by the Islamist militant⁹ group Boko Haram. Whilst attacks on churches have been common, the militant group has also occasionally targeted mosques¹⁰. In recent weeks, hundreds of civilians¹¹ have formed vigilante groups in the areas worst affected¹² by the insurgency¹³. It’s possible that the gunmen attacked the mosque in the belief that some of the vigilantes were praying there.

博尔诺州一名官员称在Konduga镇，武装分子晨祷时向一座清真寺开枪。周日的袭击导致至少44人丧生，其实施者可能是伊斯兰武装组织博科圣地。对教堂的袭击司空见惯，武装组织有时也会不时袭击清真寺。最近几周来，在最受叛乱影响的地区，数百名平民组建治安维护队。武装分子之所以袭击这座清真寺，很可能是因为认为一些治安维护人员在里面做祈祷。

A court in the United States has convicted one of the country’s most notorious underworld bosses James "Whitey" Bulger of 11 murders and a string of other gang-led crimes. The jury in Boston dismissed eight other counts of murder. The crimes date from the 1970s and 1980s when the now 83-year-old Bulger led the city’s Winter Hill Gang. From Washington, David Willis has more.

美国法院判定该国最臭名昭著的黑社会头目之一詹姆斯·巴尔杰犯下11宗谋杀罪和多起帮派犯罪。波士顿陪审团驳回了其他8宗谋杀罪责，这些犯罪行为可追溯到20世纪70到80年代，当时这位现年83岁的人物是该市冬天小山帮的头目。戴维德·威利斯报道。

For almost three decades, James “Whitey” Bulger ran a sprawling¹⁴ criminal enterprise which raked in millions of dollars from activities such as drug trafficking and extortion whilst paying off corrupt¹⁵ FBI agents and killing¹⁶ those who crossed him. His trial rekindled¹⁷ memories of a bygone era of Boston history in which mobsters shook down local business owners and killed their rivals in telephone booths before burying their bodies in shallow graves.

近三十年以来，詹姆斯·巴尔杰运作着一家庞大的犯罪企业，敛聚了数百万美元，其从事的活动包括，毒品走私、敲诈、收买腐败的FBI探员、杀死惹恼自己的人。对他的审判使人们想起波士顿的一段过往的历史，当时暴徒打击当地企业主，在电话亭杀死对手，然后将之埋葬到浅坟墓里。

A federal judge in the United States has ruled that the controversial “stop and search” policy used by the New York police department violates the constitutional rights of minorities. Judge Shira Scheindlin said city officials knew of the infringements¹⁸, but turned a blind eye. She’s ordered reforms and appointed an independent monitor to oversee¹⁹ them. Police have made about five million stops over the past ten years, mostly of black and Hispanic men. Mayor Michael Bloomberg has argued that the policy has seen a sharp fall in violent crime.

美国联邦法官判定，纽约警察部门使用的有争议的“截停搜身”政策违反了宪法规定的少数民族权利。法官希德林说，该市官员知道这是侵权行为，但却睁一只眼闭一只眼。她已下令进行改革，并任命一名独立监督人进行监视。警方过去10年来已经拦截了500万次，大多数被拦截者是黑人和拉美裔男子。市长迈克尔·布隆伯格辩解称该政策使得暴力犯罪骤减。

A suicide bomber²⁰ has killed at least 13 people in the town of Balad in central Iraq. Many others were injured in the attack that targeted a café where people were gathering²¹ in the early evening. Balad is a largely Shia town. Iraq has seen a sharp increase in sectarian violence this year. On Saturday, more than 70 people were killed in a series of attacks.

伊拉克中部城镇巴拉德发生自杀式爆炸案，至少13人丧生。另有多人受伤，袭击发生在傍晚一处咖啡馆，当时人们正聚集在那里。巴拉德主要是什叶派社区。今年伊拉克的宗派暴力骤增，周六，70多人在系列袭击中丧生。

The Mexican President Enrique Pe?a Nieto has proposed changing the country’s constitution to allow foreign private oil and gas companies to form partnerships²² with the state in the energy sector²³ for the first time in decades. From Mexico City, here’s Will Grant.

墨西哥总统培尼亚·涅托提议修改本国宪法，允许外国私人石油和燃气公司与国有能源部门建立伙伴关系，这是该国几十年的第一次。威尔·格兰特在墨西哥市报道。

In a sign of just how far-reaching and controversial these proposed changes to Mexico’s state-run energy sector are, President Enrique Pe?a Nieto was flanked on stage by top dignitaries from government, the oil industry unions and the military. He’s calling for the change to articles 27 and 28 of the constitution, which state that all of the country’s natural resources are the property of the Mexican state. The reform won’t be simple to get through congress, however. The left-wing parties have made it clear they oppose any change to the constitution and the government faces a complicated task in negotiating with all sides including the powerful unions.

台上，总统培尼亚·涅托左右两侧站立着来自政府、石油行业工会和军队的高级要人，这表明了提议对墨西哥国有能源部门进行改革的深远意义和争议度。总统呼吁修改宪法第27和28条，这两条规定该国全部自然资源都是墨西哥政府的财产。然而这项改革不会在议会得到通过，左翼政党明确表示反对对宪法进行任何修改，政府面临着与包括强大的工会在内的各方协商的复杂任务。

The Bangladeshi government has approved a draft law proposing tough penalties for recruitment agencies found guilty of duping workers with promises of lucrative²⁴ jobs (only) overseas, only to leave them in low-income jobs with improper²⁵ work permits. The proposed law would mean a maximum of ten years in prison and around $6,000 fine for anyone convicted of cheating or forging documents of migrant workers.

孟加拉国政府批准一项草拟法律，内容是对那些以海外高薪工作为承诺欺骗工人的招聘机构除以严厉惩罚，这些受骗者往往只获得低薪工作，其工作许可证也不正当。这项法律意味着，任何因欺骗移民工或伪造虚假文件的人员将被判处至少10年徒刑，并除以6000美元的罚款。

Human rights activists²⁶ are asking the government of Ecuador to revoke²⁷ a presidential decree which they say threatens civil liberties. The bill signed in June by President Rafael Correa creates new procedures for granting approval to non-governmental organisations and allows the government to dissolve groups under certain circumstances.

人权活动人士请求厄瓜多尔政府撤销一条总统法令，他们称该法令威胁到公民自由。该法案于六个月由总统拉斐尔·科雷亚签署通过，创造了批准非政府组织的新程序，并允许政府在一定条件下解散组织。

1 mandatory   

adj.命令的；强制的；义务的；n.受托者

参考例句：

• It's mandatory to pay taxes.缴税是义务性的。
• There is no mandatory paid annual leave in the U.S.美国没有强制带薪年假。

2 holder   

n.持有者，占有者；(台，架等)支持物

参考例句：

• The holder of the office of chairman is reponsible for arranging meetings.担任主席职位的人负责安排会议。
• That runner is the holder of the world record for the hundred-yard dash.那位运动员是一百码赛跑世界纪录的保持者。

3 offenders   

n.冒犯者( offender的名词复数 )；犯规者；罪犯；妨害…的人（或事物）

参考例句：

• Long prison sentences can be a very effective deterrent for offenders. 判处长期徒刑可对违法者起到强有力的威慑作用。
• Purposeful work is an important part of the regime for young offenders. 使从事有意义的劳动是管理少年犯的重要方法。

4 draconian   

adj.严苛的；苛刻的；严酷的；龙一样的

参考例句：

• You can't expect the people to obey such draconian regulations.你不能指望人民服从如此严苛的规定。
• The city needs a draconian way of dealing with robbers.这个城市需要一个严苛的办法来对付强盗。

5 inmates   

n.囚犯( inmate的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• One of the inmates has escaped. 被收容的人中有一个逃跑了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The inmates were moved to an undisclosed location. 监狱里的囚犯被转移到一个秘密处所。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 legacy   

n.遗产，遗赠；先人(或过去)留下的东西

参考例句：

• They are the most precious cultural legacy our forefathers left.它们是我们祖先留下来的最宝贵的文化遗产。
• He thinks the legacy is a gift from the Gods.他认为这笔遗产是天赐之物。

7 incarceration   

n.监禁，禁闭；钳闭

参考例句：

• He hadn't changed much in his nearly three years of incarceration. 在将近三年的监狱生活中，他变化不大。 来自辞典例句
• Please, please set it free before it bursts from its long incarceration! 请你，请你将这颗心释放出来吧！否则它会因长期的禁闭而爆裂。 来自辞典例句

8 mosque   

n.清真寺

参考例句：

• The mosque is a activity site and culture center of Muslim religion.清真寺为穆斯林宗教活动场所和文化中心。
• Some years ago the clock in the tower of the mosque got out of order.几年前，清真寺钟楼里的大钟失灵了。

9 militant   

adj.激进的，好斗的；n.激进分子，斗士

参考例句：

• Some militant leaders want to merge with white radicals.一些好斗的领导人要和白人中的激进派联合。
• He is a militant in the movement.他在那次运动中是个激进人物。

10 mosques   

清真寺； 伊斯兰教寺院，清真寺； 清真寺，伊斯兰教寺院( mosque的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Why make us believe that this tunnel runs underneath the mosques? 为什么要让我们相信这条隧洞是在清真寺下？
• The city's three biggest mosques, long fallen into disrepair, have been renovated. 城里最大的三座清真寺，过去年久失修，现在已经修复。

11 civilians   

平民，百姓( civilian的名词复数 )； 老百姓

参考例句：

• the bloody massacre of innocent civilians 对无辜平民的血腥屠杀
• At least 300 civilians are unaccounted for after the bombing raids. 遭轰炸袭击之后，至少有300名平民下落不明。

12 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

13 insurgency   

n.起义；暴动；叛变

参考例句：

• And as in China, unrest and even insurgency are widespread. 而在中国，动乱甚至暴乱都普遍存在。 来自互联网
• Dr Zyphur is part an insurgency against this idea. 塞弗博士是这一观点逆流的一部分。 来自互联网

14 sprawling   

adj.蔓生的，不规则地伸展的v.伸开四肢坐[躺]( sprawl的现在分词 )；蔓延；杂乱无序地拓展；四肢伸展坐着（或躺着）

参考例句：

• He was sprawling in an armchair in front of the TV. 他伸开手脚坐在电视机前的一张扶手椅上。
• a modern sprawling town 一座杂乱无序拓展的现代城镇

15 corrupt   

v.贿赂，收买；adj.腐败的，贪污的

参考例句：

• The newspaper alleged the mayor's corrupt practices.那家报纸断言市长有舞弊行为。
• This judge is corrupt.这个法官贪污。

16 killing   

n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财

参考例句：

• Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
• Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。

17 rekindled   

v.使再燃( rekindle的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• As soon as they met again his dormant love for her was rekindled. 他们一见面，他对她的旧情如乾柴烈火般又重新燃起。 来自辞典例句
• Ive found rekindled my interest in re-reading the books. 我发觉这提起了我再次阅读这些书的兴趣。 来自互联网

18 infringements   

n.违反( infringement的名词复数 )；侵犯，伤害

参考例句：

• It'seems to me we've got to decide on wider issues than possible patent infringements. 我认为我们不能只考虑侵犯专利可能性这一问题，要对更大的一些问题做出决策。 来自企业管理英语口语（第二版）(2)
• Wikipedia relies on its users to correct errors and spot copyright infringements. 维基百科主要依靠用户来纠正错误，并发现版权侵权行为。 来自互联网

19 oversee   

vt.监督，管理

参考例句：

• Soldiers oversee the food handouts.士兵们看管着救济食品。
• Use a surveyor or architect to oversee and inspect the different stages of the work.请一位房产检视员或建筑师来监督并检查不同阶段的工作。

20 bomber   

n.轰炸机，投弹手，投掷炸弹者

参考例句：

• He flew a bomber during the war.他在战时驾驶轰炸机。
• Detectives hunting the London bombers will be keen to interview him.追查伦敦爆炸案凶犯的侦探们急于对他进行讯问。

21 gathering   

n.集会，聚会，聚集

参考例句：

• He called on Mr. White to speak at the gathering.他请怀特先生在集会上讲话。
• He is on the wing gathering material for his novels.他正忙于为他的小说收集资料。

22 partnerships   

n.伙伴关系( partnership的名词复数 )；合伙人身份；合作关系

参考例句：

• Partnerships suffer another major disadvantage: decision-making is shared. 合伙企业的另一主要缺点是决定要由大家来作。 来自英汉非文学 - 政府文件
• It involved selling off limited partnerships. 它涉及到售出有限的合伙权。 来自辞典例句

23 sector   

n.部门，部分；防御地段，防区；扇形

参考例句：

• The export sector will aid the economic recovery. 出口产业将促进经济复苏。
• The enemy have attacked the British sector.敌人已进攻英国防区。

24 lucrative   

adj.赚钱的，可获利的

参考例句：

• He decided to turn his hobby into a lucrative sideline.他决定把自己的爱好变成赚钱的副业。
• It was not a lucrative profession.那是一个没有多少油水的职业。

25 improper   

adj.不适当的，不合适的，不正确的，不合礼仪的

参考例句：

• Short trousers are improper at a dance.舞会上穿短裤不成体统。
• Laughing and joking are improper at a funeral.葬礼时大笑和开玩笑是不合适的。

26 activists   

n.（政治活动的）积极分子，活动家( activist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His research work was attacked by animal rights activists . 他的研究受到了动物权益维护者的抨击。
• Party activists with lower middle class pedigrees are numerous. 党的激进分子中有很多出身于中产阶级下层。 来自《简明英汉词典》

27 revoke   

v.废除，取消，撤回

参考例句：

• The university may revoke my diploma.大学可能吊销我的毕业证书。
• The government revoked her husband's license to operate migrant labor crews.政府撤销了她丈夫管理外来打工人群的许可证。