英语听力精选进阶版 10462

It appears that when it comes to choosing our friends, much of our choice depends on genes¹. We are more genetically³ similar to our friends than we are to strangers.

在选择朋友时，我们的选择其实大部分是由基因决定的。和陌生人相比，我们和朋友在遗传学上更加相似。

The theme tune⁴ to Friends, a 90s American sitcom⁵ about a bunch of best mates. Two of the characters were related, but if they’ve been real life friends, the rest of them could have been as biologically close as cousins. Researchers from the University of California have analyzed⁶ gene² variation in around 2000 people, comparing pairs of unrelated friends with pairs of unrelated strangers. They found that the friends had about 0.1% more DNA⁷ in common on average than strangers did. It’s a small fraction that makes a big difference.

这是讲述好朋友之间故事的90年代情景喜剧《老友记》的主题曲。剧中两位主角有血缘关系，但如果这些人在现实生活中也是朋友的话，他们在生物学上的亲近关系相当于表亲。加利福尼亚大学研究人员分析了2000人左右的基因变异，同时，将没有血缘关系的朋友和没有血缘关系的陌生人比较。他们发现，朋友比陌生人平均多出0.1%的共同DNA，这个小数据意义却很大。

It’s sort of like their family members. And in fact the number of genes they share in common is so large. And that is almost that they share a common ancestor. It’s like their fourth cousins.

这有点像是亲属关系。实际上，他们拥有的相同基因数量很大，几乎相当于他们拥有同一个祖先，互为第四代表亲。

The friends were most alike when it came to their sense of smell but the study suggests that we could be drawn⁸ to people with similar traits because it helps us to survive.

朋友之间拥有相似的嗅觉，但研究表明，我们容易接近拥有相似特质的人，因为这有助于我们生存。

If you are the first person that has a mutation⁹ and you don’t have any friends, you need surround yourself with other people who also have that trait. This is not just the case that people with the best trait, it’s the people we have similar genes so they are friends.

如果你是第一个拥有一种突变的人，而且你没有朋友，那么你身边需要相同特质的人。不是说身边要有最好特质的人，而是要拥有相似的基因，才能成为朋友。

When it comes to our immunities¹⁰ though, the friends’ genes were more different than that of the strangers. The scientists say this trend could also give us an evolutionary¹¹ edge though because if your friends can fight different diseases than you, you are less likely to spread infections. It gives a new meaning perhaps to being their bio-friends.

但是，和陌生人相比，朋友之间的免疫性更加不同。但科学家说，这个趋势可以为我们的进化增加优势，因为如果你的朋友们比你更能抵抗各种疾病，那么你传播传染病的几率就会小很多。也许这能为“生物学朋友”增加新的意义。

President Putin has ordered a criminal investigation¹² into a crash on a Moscow underground system which left 21 passengers dead. Scores of people were injured, 40 of them seriously when a train derailed. The cause of derailment is not yet known but the authorities have ruled out a terrorist attack. The mayor of Moscow has declared Wednesday a day of mourning. BBC Russian spoke¹³ to some of the survivors¹⁴.

近日，俄罗斯总统普京下达刑事侦查令，要求调查致21名乘客死亡的莫斯科地铁撞车事件。列车脱轨导致数人受伤，其中40人重伤。脱轨原因尚不清楚，但是俄罗斯当局排除了恐怖袭击的嫌疑。莫斯科市长宣布周三为哀悼日。BBC俄罗斯频道采访了一些幸存者。

I was inside the carriage. I fell down. The light went off. Everyone was on the floor.

我当时在车厢内，跌到了。灯全部熄灭，所有人都跌倒了。

The whole train?

整列车厢吗？

I don’t know. I’ve only seen my carriage. I was in the front carriage.

我不知道，我只看见我所在车厢的情况，我在前面的车厢里。

Was it full?

车厢坐满了吗？

Not full but half full for sure.

没有，但肯定有一半坐满了。

1 genes   

n.基因( gene的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• You have good genes from your parents, so you should live a long time. 你从父母那儿获得优良的基因，所以能够活得很长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Differences will help to reveal the functions of the genes. 它们间的差异将会帮助我们揭开基因多种功能。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 生物技术的世纪

2 gene   

n.遗传因子，基因

参考例句：

• A single gene may have many effects.单一基因可能具有很多种效应。
• The targeting of gene therapy has been paid close attention.其中基因治疗的靶向性是值得密切关注的问题之一。

3 genetically   

adv.遗传上

参考例句：

• All the bees in the colony are genetically related. 同一群体的蜜蜂都有亲缘关系。
• Genetically modified foods have already arrived on American dinner tables. 经基因改造加工过的食物已端上了美国人的餐桌。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 基因与食物

4 tune   

n.调子；和谐，协调；v.调音，调节，调整

参考例句：

• He'd written a tune,and played it to us on the piano.他写了一段曲子，并在钢琴上弹给我们听。
• The boy beat out a tune on a tin can.那男孩在易拉罐上敲出一首曲子。

5 sitcom   

n.情景喜剧，（广播、电视的）系列幽默剧

参考例句：

• This sitcom is produced in cooperation with Hong Kong TV.这部连续剧是同香港电视台联合制作的。
• I heard that a new sitcom is coming out next season.我听说下一季会推出一个新的情境喜剧。

6 analyzed   

v.分析( analyze的过去式和过去分词 )；分解；解释；对…进行心理分析

参考例句：

• The doctors analyzed the blood sample for anemia. 医生们分析了贫血的血样。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The young man did not analyze the process of his captivation and enrapturement, for love to him was a mystery and could not be analyzed. 这年轻人没有分析自己蛊惑著迷的过程，因为对他来说，爱是个不可分析的迷。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 DNA   

(缩)deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸

参考例句：

• DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell.脱氧核糖核酸储存于细胞的细胞核里。
• Gene mutations are alterations in the DNA code.基因突变是指DNA密码的改变。

8 drawn   

v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的

参考例句：

• All the characters in the story are drawn from life.故事中的所有人物都取材于生活。
• Her gaze was drawn irresistibly to the scene outside.她的目光禁不住被外面的风景所吸引。

9 mutation   

n.变化，变异，转变

参考例句：

• People who have this mutation need less sleep than others.有这种突变的人需要的睡眠比其他人少。
• So far the discussion has centered entirely around mutation in the strict sense.到目前为止，严格来讲，讨论完全集中于围绕突变问题上。

10 immunities   

免除，豁免( immunity的名词复数 )； 免疫力

参考例句：

• Supplying nutrients and immunities to my baby? 为我的宝贝提供营养物质和免疫物质？
• And these provide immunities against the a host of infections and diseases. 这些物质可提高婴儿的免疫力，使之免受病毒感染和疾病侵袭。

11 evolutionary   

adj.进化的；演化的，演变的；[生]进化论的

参考例句：

• Life has its own evolutionary process.生命有其自身的进化过程。
• These are fascinating questions to be resolved by the evolutionary studies of plants.这些十分吸引人的问题将在研究植物进化过程中得以解决。

12 investigation   

n.调查，调查研究

参考例句：

• In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
• He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。

13 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

14 survivors   

幸存者，残存者，生还者( survivor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The survivors were adrift in a lifeboat for six days. 幸存者在救生艇上漂流了六天。
• survivors clinging to a raft 紧紧抓住救生筏的幸存者