英语听力精选进阶版 10588

We start with that new study suggesting that HIV is becoming less infectious and less deadly as it evolves. Scientists at the University of Oxford¹ studied hundreds of women carrying the virus in Botswana. As a result, they’ve concluded that the viruses are now replicating² more slowly and taking longer to cause full blown AIDS. So how significant a finding is this?

第一则消息：最新研究表明，艾滋病毒在演变得过程中，传染性和致命性不断降低。牛津大学科学家以携带艾滋病毒的数百位博茨瓦纳女性为研究对象，得出的结论是：艾滋病毒的复制速度正在降低，发展为典型艾滋病的速度正在减慢。这项发现有何重要性呢？

Well, it’s a good study that showed what we call the virus adapting to certain types of genetic³ backgrounds in individuals referred to as HLA. Each of us have different HLA profiles. The study is elegant science. I think it would be really premature⁴ at his time, to now say that the viruses are gonna be much less virulent⁵ and not really transmitting very effectively. I think the science behind the observation of the adaptation is sound. But we’ve got to be very careful that we make a real projection⁶ of what the ultimate end point of this is going to be. It’s really too early to say that, I believe.

这项研究很好地展示了什么是病毒适应人体特定类型的遗传背景，即人类白细胞抗原（HLA）。我们每个人的HLA情况都不同。这项研究是优雅的科学。我认为现在下结论说艾滋病毒的致命性以及传染的有效性将大大降低还为时过早。我认为适应的观察背后有充分的科学理论，但是至于现在的结论是不是最终的结论，我们则需要非常谨慎。我觉得下结论还为时过早。

And a weakened HIV virus would still be dangerous?

那么，减弱后的艾滋病毒依然危险吗？

Well, certainly the HIV that’s right now circuiting in the global community is a highly dangerous virus. If you show, as the studies show, that there are adaptations to certain genetic backgrounds that could suggest that the adaptation could weaken the virus. That’s interesting observation, but the impact on the global AIDS pandemic right now, I think it’s too premature to say that that’s going to have a significant impact.

现在国际社会中传播的艾滋病毒当然十分危险，如果你能说明，正如研究中说明的那样，遗传背景可以被适应，从而表明这种适应性可以减弱病毒，那么这是个有趣的观察报告，但至于它对全球艾滋病疫情的影响，我认为现在说它将产生重要的影响还为时过早。

So are there implications for people already infected with the HIV virus?

那么对已经感染艾滋病毒的人群来说有什么影响吗？

No, I don’t believe so. What they are talking about is the future evolution of the virus.

我认为没有，他们说的是病毒将来的发展趋势。

The Glasgow-based film maker⁷ Duncan Campbell has won the Turner Prize, Britain’s best know award for contemporary art. The winning entry was a video reflecting on African art and images from the conflict in Northern Island. The announcement was made at the art gallery Tate Britain from where our arts correspondent Rebecca Jones sent us this report.

日前，格拉斯哥电影制作人邓肯·坎贝尔荣获英国最著名的当代艺术奖——特纳奖，获奖作品为反映非洲艺术和北爱尔兰岛冲突画面的视频。本台文艺记者丽贝卡·琼斯从颁奖地泰特不列颠美术馆发来了报道。

The winner of the 2014 Turner Prize is Duncan Campbell.

获得2014年特纳奖的是邓肯·坎贝尔。

You’ll spend a long time sitting in a darkened room if you want to see this year’s winner. Duncan Campbell’s complex video “It for Others” weighs in at a hefty 54 minutes but he is unapologetic.

如果你想看到今年的获奖人，就得在昏暗的屋子里坐很长时间。邓肯·坎贝尔的合成视频“It for Others”已长达54分钟的时长加入比赛，对此他并无歉意。

1 Oxford   

n.牛津（英国城市）

参考例句：

• At present he has become a Professor of Chemistry at Oxford.他现在已是牛津大学的化学教授了。
• This is where the road to Oxford joins the road to London.这是去牛津的路与去伦敦的路的汇合处。

2 replicating   

复制( replicate的现在分词 )； 重复； 再造； 再生

参考例句：

• Applications create these partitions for storing and replicating data. 应用程序创建这些分区用来储存和复制数据。
• The closest real things to these creatures were bits of self-replicating RNA. 最贴近这些造物的实物是能做一点微不足道的自复制的核糖核酸。

3 genetic   

adj.遗传的，遗传学的

参考例句：

• It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
• Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。

4 premature   

adj.比预期时间早的；不成熟的，仓促的

参考例句：

• It is yet premature to predict the possible outcome of the dialogue.预言这次对话可能有什么结果为时尚早。
• The premature baby is doing well.那个早产的婴儿很健康。

5 virulent   

adj.有毒的，有恶意的，充满敌意的

参考例句：

• She is very virulent about her former employer.她对她过去的老板恨之入骨。
• I stood up for her despite the virulent criticism.尽管她遭到恶毒的批评，我还是维护她。

6 projection   

n.发射，计划，突出部分

参考例句：

• Projection takes place with a minimum of awareness or conscious control.投射在最少的知觉或意识控制下发生。
• The projection of increases in number of house-holds is correct.对户数增加的推算是正确的。

7 maker   

n.制造者，制造商

参考例句：

• He is a trouble maker，You must be distant with him.他是个捣蛋鬼，你不要跟他在一起。
• A cabinet maker must be a master craftsman.家具木工必须是技艺高超的手艺人。