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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
Change with the World and Remake America
与时俱进，重塑美国
导言阅读
贝拉克·奥巴马（1961— ）出生于美国夏威夷州火奴鲁鲁，祖籍肯尼亚（The Republicof Kenya）。父亲是一位来自肯尼亚的黑人穆斯林，母亲是堪萨斯州的白人。奥巴马是首位拥有黑人血统，并且童年在非洲成长的美国总统，在不同地方与不同文化背景的人共同生活过。
演讲实录
My fellow citizens:
I stand here today humbled2 by the task before us, grateful for the trust you have bestowed,mindful of the sacrifices borne by our ancestors. I thank President Bush for his service to ournation, as well as the generosity3 and cooperation he has shown throughout this transition.
Forty-four Americans have now taken the presidential oath. The words have been spokenduring rising tides of prosperity and the still waters of peace. Yet, every so often, the oath is takenamidst gathering5 clouds and raging storms. At these moments, America has carried on not simplybecause of the skill or vision of those in high office, but because we the People have remainedfaithful to the ideals of our forbearers, and true to our founding documents.
So it has been. So it must be with this generation of Americans.
That we are in the midst of crisis is now well understood. Our nation is at war, against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred6. Our economy is badly weakened, a consequence ofgreed and irresponsibility on the part of some, but also our collective failure to make hard choicesand prepare the nation for a new age. Homes have been lost; jobs shed; businesses shuttered. Ourhealth care is too costly7; our schools fail too many; and each day brings further evidence that theways we use energy strengthen our adversaries8 and threaten our planet.
These are the indicators10 of crisis, subject to data and statistics. Less measurable but no lessprofound is a sapping of confidence across our land — a nagging12 fear that America's decline isinevitable, and that the next generation must lower its sights.
Today I say to you that the challenges we face are real. They are serious and they are many.
They will not be met easily or in a short span of time. But know this, America: They will be met.
On this day, we gather because we have chosen hope over fear, unity13 of purpose over conflictand discord14.
On this day, we come to proclaim an end to the petty grievances15 and false promises, therecriminations and worn — out dogmas, that for far too long have strangled our politics.
We remain a young nation, but in the words of Scripture16, the time has come to set asidechildish things. The time has come to reaffirm our enduring spirit; to choose our better history; tocarry forward that precious gift, that noble idea, passed on from generation to generation: the God-given promise that all are equal, all are free, and all deserve a chance to pursue their full measureof happiness.
In reaffirming the greatness of our nation, we understand that greatness is never a given. Itmust be earned. Our journey has never been one of shortcuts17 or settling for less. It has not been thepath for the fainthearted — for those who prefer leisure over work, or seek only the pleasures ofriches and fame. Rather, it has been the risk — takers, the doers, the makers18 of things — somecelebrated, but more often men and women obscure in their labor19 — who have carried us up thelong, rugged20 path toward prosperity and freedom.
For us, they packed up their few worldly possessions and traveled across oceans in search ofa new life.
For us, they toiled21 in sweatshops and settled the West; endured the lash22 of the whip andplowed the hard earth.
For us, they fought and died, in places like Concord23 and Gettysburg; Normandy and KheSahn.
Time and again, these men and women struggled and sacrificed and worked till their handswere raw so that we might live a better life. They saw America as bigger than the sum of ourindividual ambitions; greater than all the differences of birth or wealth or faction24.
This is the journey we continue today. We remain the most prosperous, powerful nation onEarth. Our workers are no less productive than when this crisis began. Our minds are no lessinventive, our goods and services no less needed than they were last week or last month or lastyear. Our capacity remains25 undiminished. But our time of standing26 pat, of protecting narrowinterests and putting off unpleasant decisions — that time has surely passed. Starting today, wemust pick ourselves up, dust ourselves off, and begin again the work of remaking America.
For everywhere we look, there is work to be done. The state of the economy calls for action,bold and swift, and we will act — not only to create new jobs, but to lay a new foundation forgrowth. We will build the roads and bridges, the electric grids27 and digital lines that feed ourcommerce and bind28 us together. We will restore science to its rightful place, and wieldtechnology's wonders to raise health care's quality and lower its cost. We will harness the sun andthe winds and the soil to fuel our cars and run our factories. And we will transform our schoolsand colleges and universities to meet the demands of a new age. All this we can do. And all thiswe will do.
Now, there are some who question the scale of our ambitions — who suggest that our systemcannot tolerate too many big plans. Their memories are short. For they have forgotten what thiscountry has already done; what free men and women can achieve when imagination is joined tocommon purpose, and necessity to courage.
What the cynics fail to understand is that the ground has shifted beneath them — that thestale political arguments that have consumed us for so long no longer apply. The question we asktoday is not whether our government is too big or too small, but whether it works — whether ithelps families find jobs at a decent wage, care they can afford, a retirement29 that is dignified30 .
Where the answer is yes, we intend to move forward. Where the answer is no, programs will end.
And those of us who manage the public's dollars will be held to account — to spend wisely,reform bad habits, and do our business in the light of day — because only then can we restore thevital trust between a people and their government.
Nor is the question before us whether the market is a force for good or ill. Its power togenerate wealth and expand freedom is unmatched, but this crisis has reminded us that without awatchful eye, the market can spin out of control — and that a nation cannot prosper4 long when itfavors only the prosperous. The success of our economy has always depended not just on the sizeof our gross domestic product, but on the reach of our prosperity; on our ability to extendopportunity to every willing heart — not out of charity, but because it is the surest route to ourcommon good.
As for our common defense31, we reject as false the choice between our safety and our ideals.
Our Founding Fathers, faced with perils33 we can scarcely imagine, drafted a charter to assure therule of law and the rights of man, a charter expanded by the blood of generations. Those ideals stilllight the world, and we will not give them up for expedience34 ’s sake. And so to all other peoplesand governments who are watching today, from the grandest capitals to the small village wheremy father was born: Know that America is a friend of each nation and every man, woman andchild who seeks a future of peace and dignity, and that we are ready to lead once more.
Recall that earlier generations faced down fascism and communism not just with missiles andtanks, but with sturdy alliances and enduring convictions. They understood that our power alonecannot protect us, nor does it entitle us to do as we please. Instead, they knew that our powergrows through its prudent35 use; our security emanates37 from the justness of our cause, the force ofour example, the tempering qualities of humility38 and restraint.
We are the keepers of this legacy39. Guided by these principles once more, we can meet thosenew threats that demand even greater effort — even greater cooperation and understandingbetween nations. We will begin to responsibly leave Iraq to its people, and forge a hard-earnedpeace in Afghanistan. With old friends and former foes40, we will work tirelessly to lessen41 thenuclear threat, and roll back the specter of a warming planet. We will not apologize for our way oflife, nor will we waver in its defense, and for those who seek to advance their aims by inducingterror and slaughtering42 innocents, we say to you now that our spirit is stronger and cannot bebroken; you cannot outlast43 us, and we will defeat you.
For we know that our patchwork44 heritage is a strength, not a weakness. We are a nation ofChristians and Muslims, Jews and Hindus — and nonbelievers. We are shaped by every languageand culture, drawn45 from every end of this Earth; and because we have tasted the bitter swill46 ofcivil war and segregation47, and emerged from that dark chapter stronger and more united, wecannot help but believe that the old hatreds48 shall someday pass; that the lines of tribe shall soondissolve ; that as the world grows smaller, our common humanity shall reveal itself; and thatAmerica must play its role in ushering49 in a new era of peace.
To the Muslim world, we seek a new way forward, based on mutual50 interest and mutualrespect. To those leaders around the globe who seek to sow conflict, or blame their society's ills onthe West: Know that your people will judge you on what you can build, not what you destroy. Tothose who cling to power through corruption51 and deceit and the silencing of dissent52 , know thatyou are on the wrong side of history; but that we will extend a hand if you are willing to unclenchyour fist.
To the people of poor nations, we pledge to work alongside you to make your farms flourishand let clean waters flow; to nourish starved bodies and feed hungry minds. And to those nationslike ours that enjoy relative plenty, we say we can no longer afford indifference53 to sufferingoutside our borders; nor can we consume the world's resources without regard to effect. For theworld has changed, and we must change with it.
As we consider the road that unfolds before us, we remember with humble1 gratitude54 thosebrave Americans who, at this very hour, patrol far-off deserts and distant mountains. They havesomething to tell us today, just as the fallen heroes who lie in Arlington whisper through the ages.
We honor them not only because they are guardians55 of our liberty, but because they embody56 thespirit of service; a willingness to find meaning in something greater than themselves. And yet, atthis moment — a moment that will define a generation — it is precisely57 this spirit that mustinhabit us all.
For as much as government can do and must do, it is ultimately the faith and determination ofthe American people upon which this nation relies. It is the kindness to take in a stranger when thelevees break, the selflessness of workers who would rather cut their hours than see a friend losetheir job which sees us through our darkest hours. It is the firefighter's courage to storm a stairwayfilled with smoke, but also a parent's willingness to nurture58 a child, that finally decides our fate.
Our challenges may be new. The instruments with which we meet them may be new. Butthose values upon which our success depends — hard work and honesty, courage and fair play,tolerance and curiosity, loyalty59 and patriotism60 — these things are old. These things are true. Theyhave been the quiet force of progress throughout our history. What is demanded then is a return tothese truths. What is required of us now is a new era of responsibility — a recognition, on the partof every American, that we have duties to ourselves, our nation and the world; duties that we donot grudgingly61 accept but rather seize gladly, firm in the knowledge that there is nothing sosatisfying to the spirit, so defining of our character, than giving our all to a difficult task.
This is the price and the promise of citizenship62.
This is the source of our confidence — the knowledge that God calls on us to shape anuncertain destiny.
This is the meaning of our liberty and our creed63 — why men and women and children ofevery race and every faith can join in celebration across this magnificent Mall, and why a manwhose father less than 60 years ago might not have been served at a local restaurant can now standbefore you to take a most sacred oath.
So let us mark this day with remembrance , of who we are and how far we have traveled. Inthe year of America's birth, in the coldest of months, a small band of patriots64 huddled66 by dyingcampfires on the shores of an icy river. The capital was abandoned. The enemy was advancing.
The snow was stained with blood. At a moment when the outcome of our revolution was most indoubt, the father of our nation ordered these words be read to the people:
“Let it be told to the future world ... that in the depth of winter, when nothing but hope andvirtue could survive... that the city and the country, alarmed at one common danger, came forth68 tomeet it.”
America. In the face of our common dangers, in this winter of our hardship, let us rememberthese timeless words. With hope and virtue67, let us brave once more the icy currents, and endurewhat storms may come. Let it be said by our children's children that when we were tested, werefused to let this journey end, that we did not turn back, nor did we falter69; and with eyes fixed70 onthe horizon and God's grace upon us, we carried forth that great gift of freedom and delivered itsafely to future generations.
参考译文
同胞们：
我今天站在这里，深感面前使命的重大，深谢你们赋予的信任，并铭记我们前辈所付的代价。我感谢布什总统对国家的贡献以及他在整个过渡阶段给予的大度合作。
至此，有四十四位美国人发表过总统誓言。这些字词曾在蒸蒸日上的繁荣时期和宁静安详的和平年代诵读。但是间或，它们也响彻在阴云密布、风暴降临的时刻。美国能够历经这些时刻而勇往直前，不仅因为当政者具有才干或远见，而且也因为“我们人民”始终坚信我们先辈的理想，对我们的建国理念忠贞不渝。
这是过来之路。这是这一代美国的必由之路。
我们处于危机之中，这一点已得到充分认识。我国在进行战争，打击分布广泛的暴力和仇恨势力。我们的经济严重衰弱，部分归咎于一些人的贪婪不轨，同时也因为我们作为一个整体，未能痛下决心，让国家做好面对新时代的准备。如今，住房不再，就业减少，商业破产。医疗保健费用过度昂贵；学校质量没有保障；而每一天都在不断显示，我们使用能源的方式在助长敌人的威风，威胁我们的星球。
这些是危机的迹象，数据统计将予以证明。不易于衡量然而同样严重的是全国各地受动摇的信心——一种挥之不去的恐惧感，认为美国将不可避免地走下坡路，下一代人不得不放低眼光。
今天，我告诉大家，我们面临的挑战真实存在，并且严重而多重。它们不可能在一个短时间内被轻易征服。但是，美国，请记住这句话——它们将被征服。
我们今天聚集在这里是因为我们选择希望而不是恐惧，选择齐心协力而不是冲突对立。
我们今天在这里宣告，让斤斤计较与虚假承诺就此结束，让窒息我国政治为时太久的相互指责和陈词滥调就此完结。
我们仍是一个年轻的国家，但用圣经的话说，现在是抛弃幼稚的时候了。现在应是我们让永恒的精神发扬光大的时候，应是选择创造更佳历史业绩的时候，应是将代代相传的宝贵财富、崇高理想向前发展的时候：上帝赋予所有人平等、所有人自由和所有人充分追求幸福的机会。
在重申我们国家伟大精神的同时，我们懂得，伟大从非天生，而是必须赢得。我们的历程从来不是走捷径或退而求其次的历程。它不是弱者的道路——它不属于好逸恶劳或只图名利享受的人；这条路属于冒险者，实干家，创造者——有些人享有盛名，但大多数是默默无闻耕耘劳作的男女志士，是他们带我们走向通往繁荣和自由的漫长崎岖之路。
为了我们，他们打点起贫寒的行装上路，远赴重洋，追求新生活。
为了我们，他们在血汗工厂劳作，在西部原野拓荒，忍着鞭笞之痛在坚硬的土地上耕耘。
为了我们，他们奔赴疆场，英勇捐躯，长眠于康科德、葛底斯堡、诺曼底和溪山。
为了我们能够过上更好的生活，他们前赴后继，历尽艰辛，全力奉献，不辞劳苦，直至双手结起层层老茧。他们看到的美国超越了我们每一个人的雄心壮志，也超越了所有种族、财富或派系的差异。
今天，作为后来者，我们踏上了这一未竟的旅程。我们依然是地球上最繁荣、最强大的国家。我们的劳动者的创造力并没有因为眼前的这场危机而减弱。我们的头脑依然像以往那样善于发明创新。我们的产品与服务仍旧像上星期、上个月或去年一样受人欢迎。我们的能力丝毫无损。但是，维持现状、保护狭隘的利益集团、推迟困难抉择的时代无疑已成为过去。从今天起，我们必须振作起来，扫除我们身上的尘土，重新开启再造美国的事业。
无论我们把目光投向何处，都有工作在等待着我们。经济形势要求我们果敢而迅速地行动，我们将不辱使命——不仅要创造新的就业机会，而且要打下新的增长基础。我们将建造道路和桥梁，架设电网，铺设承载我们的商务和把我们紧密相连的电子通信网络。我们将恢复尊重科学的传统，利用高新技术的超常潜力提高医疗保健质量并降低成本。我们将利用太阳能、风力和地热为车辆和工厂提供能源。我们将改造我们的中小学和高等院校，以应对新时代的挑战。这一切我们都能做到。这一切我们必将做到。
现在，有人怀疑我们的雄心壮志——他们说我们的体制不能承受太多的宏伟规划。他们的记忆是短暂的，因为他们忘记了这个国家已经取得的成就，忘记了一旦共同的目标插上理想的翅膀、现实的要求鼓起勇气的风帆，自由的人民就会爆发出无穷的创造力。
那些冷眼旁观的人没有认识到他们脚下的大地已经移动——那些长期以来空耗我们精力的陈腐政治观点已经过时。我们今天提出的问题不是我们的政府太大还是太小，而是它是否行之有效——它是否能够帮助人们找到报酬合理的就业机会，是否能够为他们提供费用适度的医疗保健服务，是否能够确保他们在退休后不失尊严。如果回答是肯定的，我们就要向前推进。如果回答是否定的，计划和项目必须终止。作为公共资金的管理者，我们必须承担责任——明智地使用资金，抛弃坏习惯，在阳光下履行职责——因为只有这样我们才能恢复人民对政府的至关重要的信任。
我们提出的问题也不在于市场力量是替天行道还是为虎作伥。市场在生成财富和传播自由方面具有无与伦比的力量，但这场危机提醒我们：没有严格的监督，市场就会失控——如果一个国家仅仅施惠于富裕者，其富裕便不能持久。我们的经济成功从来不是仅仅依赖国内总产值的规模，而是还依赖繁荣的普及，即为每一位愿意致富的人提供机会的能力——不是通过施舍——因为这才是最可靠的共同富裕之路。
至于我们的共同防御，我们决不接受安全与理念不可两全的荒谬论点。建国先贤面对我们难以想见的险恶局面，起草了一部保障法治和人权的宪章，一部子孙后代以自己的鲜血使之更加完美的宪章。今天，这些理念仍然照耀着世界，我们不会为一时之利而弃之。
因此，对于今天正在观看此情此景的其他各国人民和政府──从最繁华的首都到我父亲出生的小村庄──我们希望他们了解：凡追求和平与尊严的国家以及每一位男人、妇女和儿童，美国是你们的朋友。我们已经做好准备，再一次走在前面。
回顾过去，几代人在战胜法西斯主义时依靠的不仅仅是导弹和坦克，更是牢固的联盟和不渝的信念。他们懂得单凭实力无法保护我们的安全，实力也并不赋予我们随心所欲的权利。相反，他们知道审慎使用实力会使我们更强大；我们的安全源于事业的正义性、典范的感召力，以及谦卑和克制的平衡作用。
我们是这一传统的继承者。我们只要重新以这些原则为指导，就能应对那些新威胁，为此必须付出更大的努力──推动国家间更多的合作与理解。我们将开始以负责任的方式把伊拉克移交给伊拉克人民，并在阿富汗巩固来之不易的和平。我们将与多年的朋友和昔日的对手一道不懈努力，减轻核威胁，扭转全球变暖的厄运。我们不会在价值观念上退缩，也不会动摇捍卫它的决心，对于那些妄图以煽动恐怖和屠杀无辜的手段达到其目的的人，我们现在就告诉你们，我们的意志更加顽强、坚不可摧；你们无法拖垮我们，我们必将战胜你们。
因为我们知道，我们百纳而成的传统是一种优势，而不是劣势。我们是一个由基督教徒和穆斯林、犹太教徒和印度教徒，以及无宗教信仰者组成的国家。我们受惠于地球上四面八方每一种语言和文化的影响。由于我们饮过南北战争和种族隔离的苦水，走出了那个黑暗时代并变得更加坚强和团结，我们不能不相信昔日的仇恨终有一天会成为过去；部族之间的界线很快会消失；随着世界变得越来越小，我们共同的人性将得到彰显；美国必须为迎来一个和平的新纪元发挥自己的作用。
面对穆斯林世界，我们寻求一条新的前进道路，以共同利益和相互尊重为基础。对于世界上那些妄图制造矛盾、将自己社会的弊端归罪于西方的领导人，我们奉劝你们：你们的人民将以你们的建设成就而不是你们的毁灭能力来评判你们。对于那些依靠腐败、欺骗、压制不同意见等手段固守权势的人，我们提醒你们：你们站在了历史错误的一边；但只要你们放弃压迫，我们将伸手相助。
对于贫困国家的人民，我们保证同你们并肩努力，为你们的农田带来丰收，让清洁的用水取之不竭；使饥饿的身体得以饱食，使饥渴的心灵受到滋润。对于那些像我们一样比较富裕的国家，我们要说我们再不能对他人的苦难无动于衷，也再不能肆意消耗世界的资源。世界已经改变，我们必须与时俱进。
在思索我们面前的道路时，我们怀着崇敬的心情感谢此刻正在偏远的沙漠和山区巡逻的英勇无畏的美国人。他们有话要说，正如在阿灵顿公墓长眠的阵亡英雄在漫漫岁月中低浅的吟诵。我们崇敬他们，不仅因为他们捍卫着我们的自由，而且因为他们代表着献身精神，体现了超越个人，寻求远大理想的意愿。然而，在这个时刻，这个具有划时代意义的时刻，我们大家必须具备的正是这种精神。
虽然政府能有许多作为也必须有许多作为，但最终离不开美国人民的信仰和决心，这便是我国的立国之本。正是因为人们在大堤崩裂时接纳陌生人的关爱之情，正是因为工人们宁愿减少自己的工时而不愿看到朋友失去工作的无私精神，才使我们度过了最暗淡的时光。正是因为消防队员们有勇气冲进浓烟滚滚的楼道，也正是因为做父母的希望培养一个孩子，我们才能决定最后的命运。
我们面临的挑战可能前所未闻。我们迎接挑战的方式也可能前所未有。然而，我们赖以成功的价值观──诚实和勤奋、勇气和公平、宽容心和探索精神、忠诚和爱国──均由来已久。这些价值观都是千真万确的。这些价值观是我国整个历史过程中一股无声的进步力量。现在需要的便是重归这些真理。我们现在需要做的是开创负责任的新时代──每一位美国人都需要认识到我们对自己、对国家、对全世界都承担着义务。对于这些义务，我们并非勉强接受，而是心甘情愿主动承担，同时坚信我们为艰巨的使命付出一切，没有任何事可以如此满足我们的道义感，也没有任何事能如此体现我们的特性。
这就是公民的义务和承诺。
这就是我们自信的来源──认识到上帝呼唤我们在前途不明的情况下掌握自己的命运。
这就是我们的自由和我们坚守的信条具有的意义──说明了为什么各种族、各类信仰的男女老少能在这个雄伟的大草坪上欢聚一堂，也说明了为什么今天有人能站在这里进行最庄严的宣誓，但不到60年前他父亲在当地餐馆还不能受到接待。
为此，让我们记住这一天，记住我们是什么样的人，记住我们已经走过了多长的路。
在美利坚诞生的年月，在那些最寒冷的日子里，为数不多的爱国者聚集在一条冰河的岸边，身旁的篝火即将熄灭。首都已经撤防。敌人正在进军。雪地沾满了斑斑血迹。在我们的革命何去何从，结局最难以估计的时刻，我国的开国元勋决定向人民宣读以下这段话：
“让我们昭告未来的世界……在这个酷寒的冬季，万物萧苏，只有希望和美德坚忍不拔……这个城市和这个国家，受到共同危难的召唤，挺身而出，奋起迎战。”
美利坚。在我们面临共同危难之际，在我们遇到艰难险阻的冬日，让我们牢记这些永恒的话语。心怀希望和美德，让我们再一次不惧严寒，勇为中流砥柱，不论什么风暴来袭，我们必将坚不可摧。今后，让我们的子孙后代如此评说：我们在遇到考验的时候没有半途而废，没有退缩不前，也没有丝毫动摇；让我们全神贯注，高瞻远瞩，感谢上帝对我们的恩典，继承自由这个宝贵的传统，平稳地世代相传。
Vocabulary Bank
1. oath ［'?uθ ］n 誓约，宣誓
There is a standard form of oath used in law courts.
法庭中使用的誓词有固定的格式。
2. adversary71 ［'?dv?s?ri ］n 竞赛中的对手
He defeated his old adversary.
他击败了他的老对手。
3. indicator9 ［'indikeit? ］n 指示者，指示器
Litmus paper can be used as an indicator of the presence of acid in a solution.
石蕊试纸可用以测试溶液是否含酸。
The problem had been nagging me for weeks.
那个问题让我困扰了好几个星期。
5. recrimination ［rikrimi'nei?(?)n ］n 反诉，反告Let's not indulge in mutual recrimination.
咱们不要总是互相指责了。
6. obscure ［?b'skju? ］adj 不易看清的，费解的His real motive72 for the crime remains obscure.
他犯罪的真正动机仍不清楚。
7. decent ［'di:snt ］adj 适当的，可接受的
The hospital has no decent equipment.
这家医院没有像样的设备。
8. dignify73 ［'diɡnifai ］v 使（某事物）显得有尊严I wouldn't dignify this trash by calling it a novel.
这部劣等作品我是不会美称为小说的。
9. peril32 ［'peril ］n 危险的事物或环境
These birds are able to survive the perils of the Arctic winter.
这些鸟能在北极的严冬中生存。
10. expedience ［ik'spi:di?ns ］n 有利，便利（但不一定合理或正当）He acted from expedience, not from principle.
他为求达到目的，丧失了原则。
11. alliance ［?'lai?ns ］n 结合，结盟
States seek to become stronger through alliance.
各国力求通过结盟而更加强大。
12. emanate36 ［'em?neit ］v (~ from sth./sb.) 从某物/某人流出，飘出Delicious smells were emanating74 from the kitchen.
香味从厨房飘了出来。
13. dissolve ［di'z?lv ］v 消失，消散
All his hopes dissolved at the terrible news.
那个极坏的消息使他的一切希望都破灭了。
14. corruption ［k?'r?p??n ］n 堕落，腐败
Sex and violence on TV are claimed to lead to the corruption of young people.
电视中所宣扬的色情和暴力据称会诱使年轻人堕落。
15. deceit ［di'si:t ］n 欺骗，欺诈
She won her promotion75 by deceit.
她用欺骗手段得以晋升。
16. dissent ［di'sent ］v 持有异议（不同于普通或官方的见解）In those days, religious dissent was not tolerated.
那年头不容许对宗教信仰持异议。
17. indifference ［in'difr?ns ］n 漠不关心，冷淡He treated my request with indifference.
他对我的请求置若罔闻。
18. grudge76 ［ɡr?? ］v 怨恨某事物，勉强做某事He grudges77 her earning more than he does.
他嫉妒她比他挣得多。
19. remembrance ［ri'membr?ns ］n 记忆，回忆
He sent us a small remembrance of his visit.
他送给我们一件他观光的小纪念品。
20. huddle65 ［'h?dl ］v 聚集在一起（尤指在某狭小空间内）We all huddled around the radio to hear the news.
我们大家围聚在收音机旁听新闻广播。
Language Guide
President Bush
美国前总统乔治·布什
乔治·沃克·布什为美国第43任总统。布什在2001年1月20日就职，并且在2004年的选举中击败民主党参选人约翰·克里连任总统。布什家族很早就开始投入共和党以及美国政治，布什的父亲是之前曾担任第41任总统的乔治·赫伯特·沃克·布什，他的弟弟杰布·布什也曾是佛罗里达州的州长，由于与父亲同样都是美国总统，因此又常被称为“小布什”以区别，而他父亲就被称为“老布什”。
Founding Fathers
美国开国元勋
美国开国元勋（Founding Fathers of the United States）是指签署《独立宣言》和《美国宪法》的政治领导人以及参与美国革命的领袖，其中包括本杰明·富兰克林，托马斯·杰斐逊，乔治·华盛顿等。
The Iraq War
伊拉克战争
伊拉克战争，又称美伊战争，是以英美军队为主的联合部队在2003年3月20日对伊拉克发动的军事行动，美国以伊拉克藏有大规模杀伤性武器并暗中支持恐怖分子为由，绕开联合国安理会，单方面对伊拉克实施军事打击。到2010年8月美国战斗部队撤出伊拉克为止，历时7年多，美方最终没有找到所谓的大规模杀伤性武器，反而找到萨达姆政权早已将其销毁的文件和人证。2011年12月18日，美军全部撤出。
The War in Afghanistan
阿富汗战争
2001年的阿富汗战争是以美国为首的联军在2001年10月7日发起的对阿富汗基地组织和塔利班的一场战争，为美国对“9·11事件”的报复，同时也标志着反恐战争的开始。本·拉登已于2011年5月1日被美军击毙。2009年12月1日，新就任的美国总统奥巴马宣布在6个月内向阿富汗增兵3万，并于2011年7月开始逐步从阿富汗战场撤出，美军将于2014年12月31日前完全撤出。
Grammar Master
1. 省略句在英语表达中很常见，在有些特殊语境中，有时可以省去句子的谓语。
例 Only one of us was injured, and he just slightly.
我们当中只有一人受了伤，而且只是轻伤。
（分析：he后省去谓语was injured。）
例 We went through the tests on a Monday. Jenny had hers during the day, and I mine afterwork.
某个星期一，我们进行了检查。詹尼在白天，我是在下班之后。
（分析：I之后省去谓语had。）
有时可以省去谓语中的主要动词。
例 I'll be around as quick as I can.
我将尽快赶来。
（分析：can之后省去主要动词be。）
例 I pitied her sincerely, as I would a child of my own.
我真心地爱怜她，就像爱怜我自己的孩子一样。
（分析：would之后省去主要动词pity。）
2. remain既可作不及物动词，又可作及物动词。在作不及物动词时，若表示“剩下，仍有”的意思，则只能用于主动语态，不可直接跟宾语。
例 They had all those that remained.
他们把剩下的全部拿走了。
例 This visit will always remain in my memory.
这次拜访将永远留在我的记忆之中。
当remain表示“留下，逗留”的意思时，特指在他人走后留下。
例 They went, but I remained.
他们走了，但我留了下来。
例 I shall remain here all the winter.
整个冬天我将留在这里。
remain还可表示“尚待，留待”，后面接被动语态的动词不定式。
例 One problem remains to be solved.
有一个问题尚待解决。
例 That remains to be proved.
那尚待证实。
remain作系动词用时，表示“一直保持，仍然（处于某种状态）”或是“继续存在，依然”的意思，后面可接名词作表语。
例 Language was, is and will remain the chief means of exchange of ideas.
语言，过去、现在和将来依然是交流思想的主要工具。
例 In spite of their quarrel, they remained the best friends.
他们尽管吵过架，却仍是最好的朋友。
remain后面还可接形容词作表语。
例 We must always remain modest and prudent.
我们必须经常保持谦虚，谨慎。
例 Despite the danger, she remained calm.
尽管危险，可她依然镇定自若。
remain后面若接介词短语，可用作表语。
例 I have remained in touch with the Greens for more than 10 years.
我和格林一家保持了十多年的联系。
例 He had to remain in hospital until he felt better.
他不得不住院，直到身体好转。
例 Victories remain with us.
胜利属于我们。
remain后面还可接动名词，过去分词用作表语。
例 She remained standing though we repeatedly asked her to sit down.
虽然我们三番五次地请她坐下，她还是站着。
例 The situation remains unchanged.
局势依然未变。
remain后接不定式作表语时，表示将来的动作。
例 This remains to be proved.
这有待证实。
例 Whether it will do us good remains to be seen.
这是否对我们有好处，还要看一看。
收听单词发音 |
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humble
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| adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低 | |
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humbled
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| adj. 卑下的，谦逊的，粗陋的 vt. 使 ... 卑下，贬低 | |
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generosity
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| n.大度，慷慨，慷慨的行为 | |
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prosper
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| v.成功，兴隆，昌盛；使成功，使昌隆，繁荣 | |
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gathering
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| n.集会，聚会，聚集 | |
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hatred
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| n.憎恶，憎恨，仇恨 | |
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costly
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| adj.昂贵的，价值高的，豪华的 | |
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adversaries
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| n.对手，敌手( adversary的名词复数 ) | |
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indicator
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| n.指标；指示物，指示者；指示器 | |
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indicators
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| （仪器上显示温度、压力、耗油量等的）指针( indicator的名词复数 )； 指示物； （车辆上的）转弯指示灯； 指示信号 | |
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nag
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| v.(对…)不停地唠叨；n.爱唠叨的人 | |
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nagging
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| adj.唠叨的，挑剔的；使人不得安宁的v.不断地挑剔或批评（某人）( nag的现在分词 )；不断地烦扰或伤害（某人）；无休止地抱怨；不断指责 | |
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unity
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| n.团结，联合，统一；和睦，协调 | |
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discord
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| n.不和，意见不合，争论，（音乐）不和谐 | |
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grievances
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| n.委屈( grievance的名词复数 )；苦衷；不满；牢骚 | |
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scripture
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| n.经文，圣书，手稿；Scripture:(常用复数)《圣经》，《圣经》中的一段 | |
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shortcuts
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| n.捷径( shortcut的名词复数 )；近路；快捷办法；被切短的东西（尤指烟草） | |
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makers
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| n.制造者，制造商（maker的复数形式） | |
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labor
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| n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦 | |
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rugged
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| adj.高低不平的，粗糙的，粗壮的，强健的 | |
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toiled
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| 长时间或辛苦地工作( toil的过去式和过去分词 )； 艰难缓慢地移动，跋涉 | |
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lash
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| v.系牢；鞭打；猛烈抨击；n.鞭打；眼睫毛 | |
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concord
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| n.和谐；协调 | |
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faction
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| n.宗派，小集团；派别；派系斗争 | |
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remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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grids
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| n.格子( grid的名词复数 )；地图上的坐标方格；（输电线路、天然气管道等的）系统网络；（汽车比赛）赛车起跑线 | |
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bind
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| vt.捆，包扎；装订；约束；使凝固；vi.变硬 | |
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retirement
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| n.退休，退职 | |
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dignified
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| a.可敬的，高贵的 | |
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defense
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| n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩 | |
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peril
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| n.(严重的)危险；危险的事物 | |
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perils
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| 极大危险( peril的名词复数 )； 危险的事（或环境） | |
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expedience
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| n.方便，私利，权宜 | |
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prudent
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| adj.谨慎的，有远见的，精打细算的 | |
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emanate
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| v.发自，来自，出自 | |
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emanates
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| v.从…处传出，传出( emanate的第三人称单数 )；产生，表现，显示 | |
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humility
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| n.谦逊，谦恭 | |
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legacy
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| n.遗产，遗赠；先人(或过去)留下的东西 | |
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foes
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| 敌人，仇敌( foe的名词复数 ) | |
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lessen
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| vt.减少，减轻；缩小 | |
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slaughtering
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| v.屠杀，杀戮，屠宰( slaughter的现在分词 ) | |
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outlast
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| v.较…耐久 | |
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patchwork
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| n.混杂物；拼缝物 | |
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drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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swill
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| v.冲洗；痛饮；n.泔脚饲料；猪食；（谈话或写作中的）无意义的话 | |
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segregation
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| n.隔离，种族隔离 | |
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hatreds
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| n.仇恨，憎恶( hatred的名词复数 )；厌恶的事 | |
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49
ushering
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| v.引，领，陪同( usher的现在分词 ) | |
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50
mutual
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| adj.相互的，彼此的；共同的，共有的 | |
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51
corruption
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| n.腐败，堕落，贪污 | |
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52
dissent
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| n./v.不同意，持异议 | |
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53
indifference
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| n.不感兴趣，不关心，冷淡，不在乎 | |
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54
gratitude
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| adj.感激，感谢 | |
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55
guardians
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| 监护人( guardian的名词复数 )； 保护者，维护者 | |
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56
embody
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| vt.具体表达，使具体化；包含，收录 | |
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57
precisely
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| adv.恰好，正好，精确地，细致地 | |
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58
nurture
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| n.养育，照顾，教育；滋养，营养品；vt.养育，给与营养物，教养，扶持 | |
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59
loyalty
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| n.忠诚，忠心 | |
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60
patriotism
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| n.爱国精神，爱国心，爱国主义 | |
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61
grudgingly
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62
citizenship
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| n.市民权，公民权，国民的义务(身份) | |
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63
creed
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| n.信条；信念，纲领 | |
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64
patriots
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| 爱国者，爱国主义者( patriot的名词复数 ) | |
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65
huddle
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| vi.挤作一团；蜷缩；vt.聚集；n.挤在一起的人 | |
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66
huddled
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| 挤在一起（huddle的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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67
virtue
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| n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力 | |
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68
forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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69
falter
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| vi.(嗓音)颤抖，结巴地说；犹豫；蹒跚 | |
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70
fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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71
adversary
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| adj.敌手，对手 | |
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72
motive
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| n.动机，目的；adv.发动的，运动的 | |
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73
dignify
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| vt.使有尊严；使崇高；给增光 | |
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74
emanating
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| v.从…处传出，传出( emanate的现在分词 )；产生，表现，显示 | |
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75
promotion
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| n.提升，晋级；促销，宣传 | |
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76
grudge
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| n.不满，怨恨，妒嫉；vt.勉强给，不情愿做 | |
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77
grudges
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| 不满，怨恨，妒忌( grudge的名词复数 ) | |
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