英语专业晨读美文-人物篇 11 Psychoanalyst

[00:02.56]Psychoanalyst---Sigmund Freud
[00:04.94]There are no neutrals in the Freud wars.
[00:09.83]Admiration, on one side; skepticism, on the other.
[00:13.05]But on one thing the contending parties agree:
[00:15.97]for good or ill, Sigmund Freud,
[00:18.67]more than any other explorer of the psyche¹,
[00:22.22]has shaped the mind of the 20th century.
[00:24.07]The very fierceness and persistence² of his detractors
[00:27.44]are a tribute to the staying power of Freud's ideas.
[00:30.90]There is nothing new about such confrontations³;
[00:34.15]they have dogged Freud's footsteps
[00:36.63]since he developed the luster⁴ of theories
[00:39.21]he would give the name of psychoanalysis.
[00:41.88]His fundamental idea has struck many as a romantic,
[00:45.69]scientifically improvable notion.
[00:48.17]His contention⁵ that the catalog of neurotic⁶ ailments⁷
[00:52.10]to which humans are susceptible⁸ is nearly always
[00:55.07]the work of sexual maladjustments,
[00:57.20]and that erotic desire starts not in puberty but in infancy⁹,
[01:01.64]seemed to the respectable nothing less than obscene.
[01:05.11]His dramatic evocation¹⁰ of a universal
[01:08.97]Oedipus complex, in which the little boy
[01:11.43]loves his mother and hates his father,
[01:13.91]seems more like a literary conceit¹¹ than a thesis
[01:17.07]worthy of a scientifically minded psychologist.
[01:19.73]The book that made his reputation in the profession—
[01:22.96]although it sold poorly—was “The Interpretation¹² of Dreams” (1900),
[01:29.10]an indefinable masterpiece—part dream analysis,
[01:32.97]part autobiography¹³, part theory of the mind,
[01:36.40]part history of contemporary Vienna.
[01:39.48]The principle that underlay¹⁴ this work was that
[01:42.70]mental experiences are part of nature.
[01:45.13]The most nonsensical notion,
[01:47.69]the most casual slip of the tongue,
[01:49.86]the most fantastic dream, must have a meaning
[01:53.34]and can be used to unriddle the often
[01:55.93]incomprehensible maneuvers¹⁵ we call thinking.
[01:58.39]In 1974, he published another book.
[02:01.94]A glance at its chapter headings will
[02:04.57]indicate some of the aspects of behaviour covered by the book:
[02:07.71]Forgetting of proper names
[02:09.93]Forgetting of foreign words
[02:12.49]Childhood and concealing¹⁶ memories
[02:14.82]Mistakes in speech
[02:16.65]Mistakes in reading and writing
[02:18.80]Broadly, Freud demonstrates that
[02:21.85]there are good reasons for many of the slips
[02:24.01]and errors that we make. We forget a name because,
[02:27.52]unconsciously, we do not wish to remember that name.
[02:31.27]We repress a childhood memory
[02:33.86]because that memory is painful to us.
[02:36.38]A slip of the tongue or of the pen betrays a wish
[02:40.08]or a thought of which we are ashamed.
[02:42.38]Freud was intent not merely on originating a sweeping¹⁷ theory
[02:46.08]of mental functioning and malfunctioning¹⁸,
[02:48.92]he also wanted to develop the rules of psychoanalytic therapy.
[02:53.24]As to the first, he created the largely silent listener
[02:57.86]who encouraged the analysand to say
[03:00.99]whatever came to mind, no matter how foolish,
[03:03.84]repetitive or outrageous¹⁹,
[03:05.75]and who intervened occasionally to interpret
[03:09.42]what the patient was struggling to say.
[03:11.50]The efficacy of analysis remains²⁰ a matter of controversy²¹,
[03:14.57]though the possibility of mixing psychoanalysis
[03:17.95]and drug therapy is gaining support.
 

1 psyche   

n.精神；灵魂

参考例句：

• His exploration of the myth brings insight into the American psyche.他对这个神话的探讨揭示了美国人的心理。
• She spent her life plumbing the mysteries of the human psyche.她毕生探索人类心灵的奥秘。

2 persistence   

n.坚持，持续，存留

参考例句：

• The persistence of a cough in his daughter puzzled him.他女儿持续的咳嗽把他难住了。
• He achieved success through dogged persistence.他靠着坚持不懈取得了成功。

3 confrontations   

n.对抗，对抗的事物( confrontation的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• At times, this potential has escalated into actual confrontations. 有时，这一矛盾升级为实际的对抗。 来自英汉非文学 - 行政法
• These confrontations and uncertainties were bing played out for the first time on a global scale. 所有这一切对抗和不稳定，第一次在全球范围内得到充分的表演。 来自辞典例句

4 luster   

n.光辉；光泽，光亮；荣誉

参考例句：

• His great books have added luster to the university where he teaches.他的巨著给他任教的大学增了光。
• Mercerization enhances dyeability and luster of cotton materials.丝光处理扩大棉纤维的染色能力，增加纤维的光泽。

5 contention   

n.争论，争辩，论战；论点，主张

参考例句：

• The pay increase is the key point of contention. 加薪是争论的焦点。
• The real bone of contention,as you know,is money.你知道，争论的真正焦点是钱的问题。

6 neurotic   

adj.神经病的，神经过敏的；n.神经过敏者，神经病患者

参考例句：

• Nothing is more distracting than a neurotic boss. 没有什么比神经过敏的老板更恼人的了。
• There are also unpleasant brain effects such as anxiety and neurotic behaviour.也会对大脑产生不良影响，如焦虑和神经质的行为。

7 ailments   

疾病（尤指慢性病），不适( ailment的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His ailments include a mild heart attack and arthritis. 他患有轻度心脏病和关节炎。
• He hospitalizes patients for minor ailments. 他把只有小病的患者也送进医院。

8 susceptible   

adj.过敏的，敏感的；易动感情的，易受感动的

参考例句：

• Children are more susceptible than adults.孩子比成人易受感动。
• We are all susceptible to advertising.我们都易受广告的影响。

9 infancy   

n.婴儿期；幼年期；初期

参考例句：

• He came to England in his infancy.他幼年时期来到英国。
• Their research is only in its infancy.他们的研究处于初级阶段。

10 evocation   

n. 引起，唤起 n. <古> 召唤，招魂

参考例句：

• Against this brilliant evocation of airlessness we may put Whitman's view of the poet. 我们从他这段批评诗人无生气的精采论述中，可以看出惠特曼对于诗人的看法。
• It prefers evocation spells and illusions to help it disguise It'self. 他更喜欢塑能系法术和可以辅助伪装自己的幻术。

11 conceit   

n.自负，自高自大

参考例句：

• As conceit makes one lag behind,so modesty helps one make progress.骄傲使人落后，谦虚使人进步。
• She seems to be eaten up with her own conceit.她仿佛已经被骄傲冲昏了头脑。

12 interpretation   

n.解释，说明，描述；艺术处理

参考例句：

• His statement admits of one interpretation only.他的话只有一种解释。
• Analysis and interpretation is a very personal thing.分析与说明是个很主观的事情。

13 autobiography   

n.自传

参考例句：

• He published his autobiography last autumn.他去年秋天出版了自己的自传。
• His life story is recounted in two fascinating volumes of autobiography.这两卷引人入胜的自传小说详述了他的生平。

14 underlay   

v.位于或存在于（某物）之下( underlie的过去式 )；构成…的基础（或起因），引起n.衬垫物

参考例句：

• That would depend upon whether the germs of staunch comradeship underlay the temporary emotion. 这得看这番暂时的情感里，是否含有生死不渝友谊的萌芽。 来自辞典例句
• Sticking and stitching tongue overlay and tongue underlay Sticking 3㎜ reinforcement. 贴车舌上片与舌下片：贴3㎜补强带。 来自互联网

15 maneuvers   

n.策略，谋略，花招( maneuver的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• He suspected at once that she had been spying upon his maneuvers. 他立刻猜想到，她已经侦察到他的行动。 来自辞典例句
• Maneuvers in Guizhou occupied the Reds for four months. 贵州境内的作战占了红军四个月的时间。 来自辞典例句

16 concealing   

v.隐藏，隐瞒，遮住( conceal的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• Despite his outward display of friendliness, I sensed he was concealing something. 尽管他表现得友善，我还是感觉到他有所隐瞒。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• SHE WAS BREAKING THE COMPACT, AND CONCEALING IT FROM HIM. 她违反了他们之间的约定，还把他蒙在鼓里。 来自英汉文学 - 三万元遗产

17 sweeping   

adj.范围广大的，一扫无遗的

参考例句：

• The citizens voted for sweeping reforms.公民投票支持全面的改革。
• Can you hear the wind sweeping through the branches?你能听到风掠过树枝的声音吗？

18 malfunctioning   

出故障

参考例句：

• But something was malfunctioning in the equipment due to human error. 但由于人为的错误，设备发生故障了。 来自超越目标英语 第4册
• Choke coils are useful for prevention of malfunctioning electronic equipment. 扼流圈对于防止电器设备的故障很有帮助。 来自互联网

19 outrageous   

adj.无理的，令人不能容忍的

参考例句：

• Her outrageous behaviour at the party offended everyone.她在聚会上的无礼行为触怒了每一个人。
• Charges for local telephone calls are particularly outrageous.本地电话资费贵得出奇。

20 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

21 controversy   

n.争论，辩论，争吵

参考例句：

• That is a fact beyond controversy.那是一个无可争论的事实。
• We ran the risk of becoming the butt of every controversy.我们要冒使自己在所有的纷争中都成为众矢之的的风险。