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They may be a little safer here. But the food in the forest is far less nutritious1 than on the riverbanks. If they want to eat well and avoid wolves this winter, they'll need to keep on moving. As the elk2 move gradually downwards3, they follow the rivers out of Yellowstone’s central plateau.
The rivers in turn follow the path of glaciers4 that flowed from this great bowl in the last Ice Age, and carved their way right through the barrier of surrounding mountains. Today, these valleys are escape routes for animals from the returning ice of winter.
Lower down, the valleys broaden, the rivers slow, and a richer variety of trees grows in the alluvial5 soils, the perfect home for Yellowstone’s most industrious6 creature.
A beaver7 can fell a cottonwood tree in just a few hours, hundreds in a year. The beaver doesn't chew through the whole trunk, just enough to make the tree unstable8. It then retreats, and lets the wind do the rest.
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1 nutritious | |
adj.有营养的,营养价值高的 | |
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2 elk | |
n.麋鹿 | |
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3 downwards | |
adj./adv.向下的(地),下行的(地) | |
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4 glaciers | |
冰河,冰川( glacier的名词复数 ) | |
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5 alluvial | |
adj.冲积的;淤积的 | |
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6 industrious | |
adj.勤劳的,刻苦的,奋发的 | |
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7 beaver | |
n.海狸,河狸 | |
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8 unstable | |
adj.不稳定的,易变的 | |
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