英语听力：自然百科 消失的西藏王朝古格(10)

What emerged from the battle, and the bloodshed, was a separate kingdom, Guge.

古格王朝遂在这些内乱及杀戮中应运而生。

Guge flourished at the geographical¹ crossroad to some of the greatest civilizations of the time.

位居地理要道的古格王朝繁荣发展,成为当时最伟大的文明。

Tsaparang was the center of trade for the Guge kingdom in the autumn and spring, nornads would bring wool, skins and salt to trade in Tsaparang.

札布让曾经是古格王朝的贸易中心,每逢秋季和夏季游牧民族会带着羊毛毛皮和食盐到札布让交易。

And in the summer, people from the south side of the Himalaya would come down here to trade.

到了夏天喜马拉雅山南部的居民也会下山来这里交易。

Therefore the prosperity of the Guge kingdom depended on all this trade.

古格王朝的繁荣全都仰赖这些贸易。

The king's wealth came from gold mines.

国王的财富来自金矿。

And they are supplemented by arms given by the pilgrims traveling through the kingdom.

来到古格王朝的朝圣者所捐献的香火钱更增加了国王的财富。

None of these which is however, could ensure what the kingdom needed most, water.

然而这些财富却无法担保古格王朝有源源不绝的水。

Tsaparang lay admits a vast and arid² desert.

札布让位在一望无际的干漠中。

In order to guarantee Guge’s survival, the king was forced to spend much of his resources transporting water to the city and to the farms that it depended on.

为了让古格王朝千古流传，国王花大量的资源将水运到王城及农田。

The ancient irrigation canals, wells and even a 20-kilometer-long aqueduct, stretching from the sit-lege river to the citadel³, can still be seen amidst the ruins-evidence of the massive undertakings⁴ to keep this oasis⁵ alive.

在古格王朝的遗址中，依然可以见到古老的灌溉沟渠，水井，甚至从象泉河绵延二十公里，将水送到札布让城。

With their power and livelihood⁶ secure, the royal proceeded to live a life full of absolute opulence⁷.

一切显示国王花了多大的工程维持古格王朝这座沙漠绿洲。

1 geographical   

adj.地理的；地区(性)的

参考例句：

• The current survey will have a wider geographical spread.当前的调查将在更广泛的地域范围內进行。
• These birds have a wide geographical distribution.这些鸟的地理分布很广。

2 arid   

adj.干旱的；(土地)贫瘠的

参考例句：

• These trees will shield off arid winds and protect the fields.这些树能挡住旱风,保护农田。
• There are serious problems of land degradation in some arid zones.在一些干旱地带存在严重的土地退化问题。

3 citadel   

n.城堡；堡垒；避难所

参考例句：

• The citadel was solid.城堡是坚固的。
• This citadel is built on high ground for protecting the city.这座城堡建于高处是为保护城市。

4 undertakings   

企业( undertaking的名词复数 )； 保证； 殡仪业； 任务

参考例句：

• The principle of diligence and frugality applies to all undertakings. 勤俭节约的原则适用于一切事业。
• Such undertakings require the precise planning and foresight of military operations. 此举要求军事上战役中所需要的准确布置和预见。

5 oasis   

n.（沙漠中的）绿洲，宜人的地方

参考例句：

• They stopped for the night at an oasis.他们在沙漠中的绿洲停下来过夜。
• The town was an oasis of prosperity in a desert of poverty.该镇是贫穷荒漠中的一块繁荣的“绿洲”。

6 livelihood   

n.生计，谋生之道

参考例句：

• Appropriate arrangements will be made for their work and livelihood.他们的工作和生活会得到妥善安排。
• My father gained a bare livelihood of family by his own hands.父亲靠自己的双手勉强维持家计。

7 opulence   

n.财富，富裕

参考例句：

• His eyes had never beheld such opulence.他从未见过这样的财富。
• He owes his opulence to work hard.他的财富乃辛勤工作得来。