英语六级真题长难句分析（5）

 　　28. Conflict, defined as opposition¹ among social entities² directed against one another is distinguished³ from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something which is in inadequate⁴ supply. (1996. 阅读. 1. Text 2)

　　译文：冲突的定义是社会实体与另一实体间的对抗，而竞争的定义是不同社会实体间独立争夺供应不足的资源而发生的对抗。这两者的性质是截然不同。

　　分析：主句是Conflict is distinguished from competition,主语conflict后，defined as oppostion among social entities directed against one another为过去分词作定语，相当于which is defined as...。同样，介词宾语competition后也有相同的结构，使得句子前后对称。而后一句中，social entities后又有striving for some thing现在分词作定语修饰social entities,而something后是which引导的定语从句。

　　29. While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that war-like conflict among nations is inevitable⁵, although competition is. (1996. 阅读. 1. Text 2)

　　译文：这种竞争可能真得会导致国家竭力侵占他国以扩大本国领土，冲突随之产生，但是即使国家之间的竞争是不可避免的，也不能说发生类似战争的冲突同样无法避免。

　　分析：复合句。首先是while作连词引导的与主句含义相反的句子，while it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand...and thus lead to conflict,it is true that从句中，it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that引导的主语从句。主句在句中，同样是it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句，而that从句中，主句是war-like conflict is inevitable，后面是although引导的让步状语从句。

　　30. Having evolved when the pace of life was slower, the human brain has an inherent defect that prevents it from absorbing several streams of information simultaneously⁶ and acting⁷ on them quickly. (1996. 阅读. 1. Text3)

　　译文：人脑在生活节奏更慢的过去得到进化，因此人脑内部存在着缺陷，使它不能同时理解多条信息流并迅速采取行动。

　　分析：复合句。主句是the human brain has an inherent defect,defect后是定语从句that prevents it from absorbing...and acting...。主句前，having evolved...是现在分词作原因状语，同时句子中又包含了时间主语从句when the pace of life was slower表明having evolved的时间。

　　31. Based on an analysis of over 70 million words recorded from the BBC World Service and National Public Radio of Washington over a period of four years, their 1,000 brief encyclopedic entries are based on people and places that have featured in the news recently. (1996. 阅读. 6. Text 1)

　　译文：一项针对BBC和华盛顿国家广播四年多来记录的超过七千万单词的研究表明，其中有1000条百科式词条收录了近来出现在新闻中的人物和地点。

　　分析：本句结构并不复杂，主句是their 1000 breif encyclopedic entries are based on people and places,that have featured in the news recently作定语从句修饰people and places。句首based on an analysis of ...是过去分词作状语，逻辑主语等于句子主语。

　　32. We will be faced with a situation where many of the users of these dictionaries will at the very least have distinct socio-cultural perspectives and may have world views which are totally opposed and even hostile to those of the West. (1996. 阅读. 6. Text 1)

　　译文：我们将会面对这样一种局面，很多这些词典的使用者们都有着鲜明的社会文化背景，世界观可能与西方人完全不同甚至对立。

　　分析：复合句。主句We will be faced with a situation,where引导定语从句修饰a situation,而在定语从句where many of the users of these dictionaries will have distinct socio-cultural perspectives and may have world views中，有两个并列的谓语动词will have和may have由and连接，最后，views后有which引导的定语从句修饰views。

　　33. And this separation the detective feels between himself and the rest of the world is deepened by the simples mindedness as he sees it-of citizens, social workers, doctors, law-makers, and judges, who, instead of eliminating crime punish the criminals less severely⁸ in the hope that this will make them reform. (1996. 阅读. 6. Text 2)

　　译文：由于警察认为人们(市民、社会工作者、医生、立法人员以及法官)头脑简单—比如，法官不是重罚以消除犯罪而是从轻量刑，希以此望促使罪犯改过自新—因此，他们与社会之间的隔阂更深一层。

　　分析：主句是this separation is deepened by the simple mindedness-of citizens...judges。在this separation后，the detective feels between himself and the rest of the world是省略了that的定语从句。as he sees it是状语从句，而judges后who punish the criminals less deverely是定语从句，in the hope that引导目的状语从句。

1 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

2 entities   

实体对像； 实体，独立存在体，实际存在物( entity的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Our newspaper and our printing business form separate corporate entities. 我们的报纸和印刷业形成相对独立的企业实体。
• The North American continent is made up of three great structural entities. 北美大陆是由三个构造单元组成的。

3 distinguished   

adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的

参考例句：

• Elephants are distinguished from other animals by their long noses.大象以其长长的鼻子显示出与其他动物的不同。
• A banquet was given in honor of the distinguished guests.宴会是为了向贵宾们致敬而举行的。

4 inadequate   

adj.(for,to)不充足的，不适当的

参考例句：

• The supply is inadequate to meet the demand.供不应求。
• She was inadequate to the demands that were made on her.她还无力满足对她提出的各项要求。

5 inevitable   

adj.不可避免的，必然发生的

参考例句：

• Mary was wearing her inevitable large hat.玛丽戴着她总是戴的那顶大帽子。
• The defeat had inevitable consequences for British policy.战败对英国政策不可避免地产生了影响。

6 simultaneously   

adv.同时发生地，同时进行地

参考例句：

• The radar beam can track a number of targets almost simultaneously.雷达波几乎可以同时追着多个目标。
• The Windows allow a computer user to execute multiple programs simultaneously.Windows允许计算机用户同时运行多个程序。

7 acting   

n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的

参考例句：

• Ignore her,she's just acting.别理她，她只是假装的。
• During the seventies,her acting career was in eclipse.在七十年代，她的表演生涯黯然失色。

8 severely   

adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地

参考例句：

• He was severely criticized and removed from his post.他受到了严厉的批评并且被撤了职。
• He is severely put down for his careless work.他因工作上的粗心大意而受到了严厉的批评。