大学里不会教你如何成为好员工

 　　No one teaches you how to be a good employee or manager. So what do you do once you graduate with plenty of knowledge about your degree field, but a blank slate¹ about how to push the needle in the office?

　　没有人教你如何成为一个好的员工或经理，所以当你怀着很多专业知识毕业却没有在办公室工作的经验时，你该怎么办呢？

　　In these days of endless distractions² from technology and too much to do, the workplace winners are often those who can get the most done in the least time – in other words, the most productive.

　　现在有很多科技让人分心又有很多事要做，职场赢家往往是那些在最短的时间内做最多事的人，换句话说，也就是最具生产力的人。

　　Consider these timeless tips from business thought leaders on how new grads and veteran desk jockeys alike can give better on-the-job performance:

　　考虑以下这些经久不衰的建议，这是关于企业领导告诉毕业生和学生该如何在职场取得更好的表现的：

　　1.Manage Interruptions

　　1.处理干扰

　　To have time for what matters, you must learn to manage minutiae³. Many people think it is optimal⁴ to juggle⁵ multiple tasks at once, but the truth is you aren't iron man. The brain has to switch gears between tasks, and this lowers your efficiency and performance.

　　为了有时间做重要的事，你必须学会处理一些细枝末节。很多人认为在同一时间处理多种任务是最理想的，但是事实是你又不是钢铁侠，大脑在不同的任务间切换会降低你的效率和表现。

　　One of the biggest interrupters is technology. Although tech-toys can sometimes help you do your job better, at other times they take you off-point and off-task. Email isn't work. Stop checking your iPhone, Twitter, text and inbox all the time, and you will automatically double your productivity.

　　最大的干扰之一就是科技。尽管一些技术小工具有时能帮助你把工作做得更好，但有时候它们也会影响你的任务。收发邮件并不是工作。别再看手机、微博、短信和收件箱了，这样你的工作效率自然就会提高起来。

　　Another tactic⁶ is to force yourself to eliminate all distractions during set periods during the work day. This means choosing some time blocks to silence email and cell phones, disable "push" notifications and turn off instant messaging. We mistakenly think that the most productive way to work is to be in constant communication with others. But it is only through disconnecting and focusing that we can truly be our most productive.

　　另一条策略就是强制自己在工作日的特定时间段中远离干扰物。这意味着对邮件和手机设置静音提醒，停止消息推送功能以及关闭即时通信功能。我们错误地认为最具效率的工作方式就是与别人进行及时沟通，但是正是通过不联系和集中注意才能让我们真正变得有效率。

　　2.Don't Major in the Minors⁸

　　2.不要拘泥于次要的事

　　No matter what your job is, chances are you have too much to do in too little time. Without an efficient system for prioritizing your projects, you may quickly find yourself buried and behind.

　　无论你的工作是什么，你都必须在有限的时间内做很多事。如果没有一个有效的处理分配任务的系统，你将很快发现自己落后于人。

　　You should make sure you don't neglect projects that you would prefer not to do. It is easy to back burner the undesirable⁹ tasks and those are the ones – always unfinished or rushed – that get us into trouble.

　　千万不要忽视那些你不想做的事。往往是那些我们不想做或未完成或匆匆了事的任务容易给我们带来麻烦。

　　Before you start your work day, think about what your high-leverage and low-leverage activities are. For the low-leverage activities, such as sending an email, perfection isn't necessary. When you can accomplish these minor⁷ tasks more efficiently¹⁰, you'll have the time you need to do those major tasks justice.

　　在每天工作之前，首先想清楚哪些活动的影响力高，哪些低。对于那些影响不是很大的事，比如发一个邮件，不需要追求完美。当你能更高效地完成这些次要任务，你就有更多时间去做那些对你影响很大的事了。

　　3.Use Reverse Technology

　　3.与科技背道而驰

　　New grads were practically born emailing, and have no trouble with Facebook and texting. But these forms of communication are much more impersonal¹¹ than what you can achieve by actually meeting with people.

　　新毕业生尤其擅长电邮，脸书和短信等技术，但是这些沟通方式比起亲自沟通来说会显得比较冷漠。

　　You would often get frustrated¹² after not receiving a response to an email for several days, forgetting that sometimes all it takes is a simple phone call or walking to someone else's desk to get answers.

　　如果你发出去的邮件几天都没有收到回复，你一定会感到十分受挫。但有时你只需要简单的一个电话或是直接走去对方的办公桌就可以得到答案。

　　Take the time to do things the old school way. Meeting with someone face-to-face does wonders for working relationships.

　　试一试以前用的老办法吧，与人面对面交流对人际关系十分有助。”

　　4.Utilize¹³ "Mini-Mentors"

　　4.利用“迷你导师”

　　When you're just starting your career, it's unlikely you'll have a mentor¹⁴, because it takes experience in the workplace to develop true mentoring¹⁵ relationships. However, that doesn't mean you can't find people to help you navigate¹⁶ your new job. It is suggested finding "mini-mentors" in your office – people who can help you with a small part of your job.

　　当你刚刚开始你的工作时，不可能会有导师，因为发展真正的导师关系需要花很多经验。但是，那并不意味着你不能找到人帮助你指导你的新工作。建议你可以在办公室中找一位“迷你导师”——能在部分工作中帮到你的人。

　　A mentor is not just that one experienced executive who has reached great career successes. They come in many shapes and forms. Try calling on specific mini-mentors for discreet¹⁷ projects, like interviewing or salary negotiations¹⁸. Having an expert to call on for these simple things can help you accomplish more without always having to rely on help from your boss or one single mentor.

　　一个导师并不只是一位拥有巨大的事业成功且经验丰富的执行官，他们是多种多样的。试着找到不同项目的专门的迷你导师，比如说面试或薪资商议。让这些专业人士来帮助你完成这些简单的事能让你不在上司或同一个导师的帮助下也能完成更多任务。

　　5.Unplug as Needed

　　5.拔掉“工作插头”休息一下

　　One of the simplest and most effective ways to work smarter is by getting enough rest. While coffee and sugar give employees a temporary energy boost, an adequate night's rest drives efficient, high-quality performance throughout the day.

　　最简单也是最有效的方式之一就是好好休息。咖啡和糖让员工有短暂的精神复原，而一整晚的好好休息能让第二天的工作表现更好。

　　World class performers are aware that human beings need recovery strategies if they are going to be at their best day in and day out. When it comes to getting big results, the best employees cut back on traditional work time to allow their creative minds to operate at greater capacity.

　　世界级的执行者都知道人们如果想要有状态很好的一天的话需要精力恢复策略。如果要做什么比较重要的事的话，最佳员工往往需要减少传统工作时间来让灵感和创意达到最佳水平。

1 slate   

n.板岩，石板，石片，石板色，候选人名单；adj.暗蓝灰色的，含板岩的；vt.用石板覆盖，痛打，提名，预订

参考例句：

• The nominating committee laid its slate before the board.提名委员会把候选人名单提交全体委员会讨论。
• What kind of job uses stained wood and slate? 什么工作会接触木头污浊和石板呢？

2 distractions   

n.使人分心的事[人]( distraction的名词复数 )；娱乐，消遣；心烦意乱；精神错乱

参考例句：

• I find it hard to work at home because there are too many distractions. 我发觉在家里工作很难，因为使人分心的事太多。
• There are too many distractions here to work properly. 这里叫人分心的事太多，使人无法好好工作。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 minutiae   

n.微小的细节，细枝末节；（常复数）细节，小事( minutia的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• the minutiae of the contract 合同细节
• He had memorized the many minutiae of the legal code. 他们讨论旅行的所有细节。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 optimal   

adj.最适宜的；最理想的；最令人满意的

参考例句：

• What is the optimal mix of private and public property rights in natural resources?私人和国家的自然资源产权的最适宜的组合是什么？
• Optimal path planning is a key link for the sailing contest.帆船最优行驶路径规划是帆船比赛取胜的关键环节。

5 juggle   

v.变戏法，纂改，欺骗，同时做；n.玩杂耍，纂改，花招

参考例句：

• If you juggle with your accounts,you'll get into trouble.你要是在帐目上做手脚，你可要遇到麻烦了。
• She had to juggle her job and her children.她得同时兼顾工作和孩子。

6 tactic   

n.战略，策略；adj.战术的，有策略的

参考例句：

• Reducing prices is a common sales tactic.降价是常用的销售策略。
• She had often used the tactic of threatening to resign.她惯用以辞职相威胁的手法。

7 minor   

adj.较小(少)的，较次要的；n.辅修学科；vi.辅修

参考例句：

• The young actor was given a minor part in the new play.年轻的男演员在这出新戏里被分派担任一个小角色。
• I gave him a minor share of my wealth.我把小部分财产给了他。

8 minors   

n.未成年人( minor的名词复数 )；副修科目；小公司；[逻辑学]小前提v.[主美国英语]副修，选修，兼修( minor的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• The law forbids shops to sell alcohol to minors. 法律禁止商店向未成年者出售含酒精的饮料。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He had three minors this semester. 这学期他有三门副修科目。 来自《简明英汉词典》

9 undesirable   

adj.不受欢迎的，不良的，不合意的，讨厌的；n.不受欢迎的人，不良分子

参考例句：

• They are the undesirable elements among the employees.他们是雇员中的不良分子。
• Certain chemicals can induce undesirable changes in the nervous system.有些化学物质能在神经系统中引起不良变化。

10 efficiently   

adv.高效率地，有能力地

参考例句：

• The worker oils the machine to operate it more efficiently.工人给机器上油以使机器运转更有效。
• Local authorities have to learn to allocate resources efficiently.地方政府必须学会有效地分配资源。

11 impersonal   

adj.无个人感情的，与个人无关的，非人称的

参考例句：

• Even his children found him strangely distant and impersonal.他的孩子们也认为他跟其他人很疏远，没有人情味。
• His manner seemed rather stiff and impersonal.他的态度似乎很生硬冷淡。

12 frustrated   

adj.挫败的，失意的，泄气的v.使不成功( frustrate的过去式和过去分词 )；挫败；使受挫折；令人沮丧

参考例句：

• It's very easy to get frustrated in this job. 这个工作很容易令人懊恼。
• The bad weather frustrated all our hopes of going out. 恶劣的天气破坏了我们出行的愿望。 来自《简明英汉词典》

13 utilize   

vt.使用，利用

参考例句：

• The cook will utilize the leftover ham bone to make soup.厨师要用吃剩的猪腿骨做汤。
• You must utilize all available resources.你必须利用一切可以得到的资源。

14 mentor   

n.指导者，良师益友；v.指导

参考例句：

• He fed on the great ideas of his mentor.他以他导师的伟大思想为支撑。
• He had mentored scores of younger doctors.他指导过许多更年轻的医生。

15 mentoring   

n.mentoring是一种工作关系。mentor通常是处在比mentee更高工作职位上的有影响力的人。他/她有比‘mentee’更丰富的工作经验和知识，并用心支持mentee的职业（发展）。v.（无经验之人的）有经验可信赖的顾问( mentor的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• One of the most effective instruments for coaching and mentoring is the "role rehearsal" . 辅导和教学的最有效的手段之一是“角色排练。” 来自辞典例句
• Bell Canada called their mentoring system a buddy-buddy system. 加拿大贝尔公司称他们的训导系统是伙伴—伙伴系统。 来自互联网

16 navigate   

v.航行，飞行；导航，领航

参考例句：

• He was the first man to navigate the Atlantic by air.他是第一个飞越大西洋的人。
• Such boats can navigate on the Nile.这种船可以在尼罗河上航行。

17 discreet   

adj.(言行)谨慎的；慎重的；有判断力的

参考例句：

• He is very discreet in giving his opinions.发表意见他十分慎重。
• It wasn't discreet of you to ring me up at the office.你打电话到我办公室真是太鲁莽了。

18 negotiations   

协商( negotiation的名词复数 )； 谈判； 完成（难事）； 通过

参考例句：

• negotiations for a durable peace 为持久和平而进行的谈判
• Negotiations have failed to establish any middle ground. 谈判未能达成任何妥协。