为何不愉快的事情难以忘怀

 A new study has shown that we tend to remember the bad times better than the good.

　　The study, from Boston College psychologist, Elizabeth Kensinger and colleagues, has suggested that we retain and bear in mind events that carry negative emotional burden.

　　Her research shows that whether an event is pleasing or aversive seems to be a critical determinant of the accuracy with which the event is remembered, with negative events being remembered in greater detail than positive ones.

　　To substantiate¹ her theory, Kensinger gives the example of a sight of a man on a street holding a gun. After seeing the man, people remember the gun clearly, but they forget the details of the street.

　　Functional² Magnetic Resonance³ Imaging (fMRI) studies have shown increased cellular⁴ activity in emotion-processing regions at the time that a negative event is experienced.

　　The more activity in the orbitofrontal cortex and the amygdala, two emotion-processing regions of the brain, the more likely an individual is to remember detailsintrinsically linked to the emotional aspect of the event, such as the exact appearance of the gun.

　　Kensinger argues that recognizing the effects of negative emotion on memory for detail may, at some point, save our lives by guiding our actions and allowing us to plan for similar future occurrences.

　　“These benefits make sense within an evolutionary⁵ framework. It is logical that attention would be focused on potentially threatening information,” says Kensinger.

　　一项最新研究显示，不愉快的时光往往比美好的时光令人难以忘怀。

　　波士顿大学心理学者伊丽莎白?基辛格及其同事们进行的这项研究表明，人们把那些令自己情绪消极的事情牢记在心。

　　她的研究显示，一件事能否被人准确地记住关键取决于这件事是令人愉快还是令人厌恶。消极事件比积极事件让人记得更清楚。

　　为了证实她的理论，基辛格举了一个看见大街上有个男人持枪的例子。人们看见这个男人后，能清楚地记得这把枪，但却不记得这条街的具体细节。

　　功能性磁共振造影研究显示，一个人在经历消极事件时，其脑部情绪处理区域的细胞活动会增强。

　　人的前额脑区底部和扁桃体两处脑部情绪处理区域的活动越强，越能记住与此事件情绪方面具有本质联系的细节，比如枪的具体外观。

　　基辛格认为，清楚地识别记忆中消极情绪的影响在某些时刻能够指导我们的行动、可以让我们为将来发生类似事件做好准备，从而挽救我们的生命。

　　她说：“这些好处从进化的角度来讲也是行得通的。人们容易把注意力集中在具有潜在威胁的信息上，这是合乎逻辑的。”

1 substantiate   

v.证实；证明...有根据

参考例句：

• There is little scientific evidence to substantiate the claims.这些主张几乎找不到科学依据来证实。
• These theories are used to substantiate the relationship between the phenomenons of the universe.这些学说是用来证实宇宙现象之间的关系。

2 functional   

adj.为实用而设计的，具备功能的，起作用的

参考例句：

• The telephone was out of order,but is functional now.电话刚才坏了，但现在可以用了。
• The furniture is not fancy,just functional.这些家具不是摆着好看的，只是为了实用。

3 resonance   

n.洪亮；共鸣；共振

参考例句：

• Playing the piano sets up resonance in those glass ornaments.一弹钢琴那些玻璃饰物就会产生共振。
• The areas under the two resonance envelopes are unequal.两个共振峰下面的面积是不相等的。

4 cellular   

adj.移动的；细胞的，由细胞组成的

参考例句：

• She has a cellular telephone in her car.她的汽车里有一部无线通讯电话机。
• Many people use cellular materials as sensitive elements in hygrometers.很多人用蜂窝状的材料作为测量温度的传感元件。

5 evolutionary   

adj.进化的；演化的，演变的；[生]进化论的

参考例句：

• Life has its own evolutionary process.生命有其自身的进化过程。
• These are fascinating questions to be resolved by the evolutionary studies of plants.这些十分吸引人的问题将在研究植物进化过程中得以解决。