一带一路引发印度矛盾心理

 Talk of a new Silk Road may be intended to evoke¹ romantic, non-threatening images of desert caravans², ancient ships and trade in exotic commodities. But China’s grand plan for a network of railways, highways, pipelines³ and ports across central Asia, and around Southeast Asia is generating anxiety in New Delhi. 

“新丝绸之路”的说法或许是有意唤起人们对沙漠商队、古代商船以及舶来品贸易的不具威胁的浪漫联想。但是，中国对横穿中亚和环绕东南亚的铁路网、公路网、输油管线路以及港口的宏伟计划，正在引起新德里方面的焦虑。

With the 3,488km border between the two Asian neighbours still a matter of formal dispute, Indian strategic policy analysts⁴ are divided on whether China’s new Silk Road project is a strategic and economic threat to their country — or an opportunity. Many see the project — which the Chinese have called One Belt, One Road (OBOR) — as something that must be carefully navigated⁵, as Beijing develops large projects in countries that India considers part of its natural sphere of influence. However, New Delhi lacks the financial power to offer a credible⁶ alternative.

在这两个亚洲邻居之间3488千米的边界仍然处于正式纠纷状态的情况下，对于中国“新丝绸之路”项目是否对印度构成战略和经济威胁，抑或带来机遇，印度的战略政策分析人士意见分歧。很多人认为，必须谨慎应对中方所称的“一带一路”(One Belt, One Road)项目，因为中国将要在印度认为属于其天然影响范围的一些国家开发大型项目。然而，新德里方面缺乏提供可信替代选择的财力。

一带一路引发印度矛盾心理

“The Indian government is very careful about the way it handles the China rhetoric⁷, and it isn’t ready to come out arms swinging against OBOR, but it is sitting with its arms folded making it very clear that it will not endorse⁸ the project if it doesn’t like the way it was put together as a Chinese fait accompli,” says Shashank Joshi, a senior research fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, a British defence and security think-tank.

“印度政府对待中国的措辞非常谨慎，它没有准备好跳出来明确反对‘一带一路’，但是它双臂交叉坐着等待，表明如果它不喜欢这个项目被当作中方既成事实的方式，它就不会支持该项目，”英国国防和安全智库——皇家联合军种研究院(Royal United Services Institute)高级研究员沙善?乔希(Shashank Joshi)表示。

 “They cannot be seen to be outwardly hostile to a scheme which many smaller Asian neighbours view as a good opportunity for large flows of Chinese capital that India cannot deliver,” he says.

“他们不能从表面上被看出来对一带一路怀有敌意，因为该计划被很多亚洲较小邻国视为引入大量中国资本的良机，而这类资本是印度无力输送的，”他表示。

Brahma Chellaney, professor of strategic studies at New Delhi’s Centre for Policy Research, sees China’s new Silk Road initiative as a repackaging — in more palatable⁹ terms — of China’s so-called “string of pearls” strategy, which India views as an attempt to strategically encircle it.

新德里政策研究中心(Centre for Policy Research)战略研究教授布拉马?切拉尼(Brahma Chellaney)把中国的“新丝绸之路”计划视为——以更容易让人接受的方式——对中国“珍珠链”战略的重新包装；印度把这一战略视为中国企图对其实施战略包围。

The “string of pearls” theory argues that Chinese investment in ports in south Asia is a precursor¹⁰ to developing overseas naval¹¹ bases. China has, for example, already built a major port at Hambantota in Sri Lanka, which overlooks important shipping¹² lanes that carry much of the world’s oil trade, and which India views as strategically important for its own defence.

按照“珍珠链”理论，中国在南亚投资建设港口是开发海外海军基地的先兆。例如，中国已经在斯里兰卡的汉班托特(Hambantota)建设了一个大型港口；斯里兰卡濒临全球很大一部分原油贸易必经的重要航道，同时印度认为斯里兰卡对其自己的国防具有战略重要性。

The visit of Chinese submarines at the Colombo port in 2014 raised fears that the facility’s purpose is not economic but military. Chinese investment is also planned for ports in Bangladesh and Myanmar, raising concerns that they may serve a dual¹³ purpose.

2014年中国海军潜艇访问斯里兰卡科伦坡港，此举引发了人们对于该港的用途并非经贸而是军用的担忧。中国在孟加拉国和缅甸投资的港口也在规划中，引发了人们对于这些港口可能军民两用的担忧。

 “The new Silk Road is just a nice new name for the strategy they’ve been pursuing,” says Mr Chellaney. “They’ve wrapped that strategy in more benign¹⁴ terms. The Chinese dream is pre-eminence in Asia, and this goes to the heart of that dream.”

“‘新丝绸之路’只是给他们在一直追求的战略换了一个好听的新名字，”切拉尼称，“他们给该战略换了一身更加和善的包装。中国的梦想是称雄亚洲，而该计划处于中国梦的核心。”

“It’s not just a trade initiative,” he says. “What China is doing has a strategic element that is increasingly obvious.”

“它不只是一个贸易倡议，”他称，“中国在做的事情带有战略元素，这一点日益明显。”

India is most exercised about plans for a $46bn economic corridor linking China and Pakistan, India’s nuclear-armed neighbour and rival. That blueprint¹⁵ envisions goods travelling from China’s western region to Pakistan’s Gwadar, a once sleepy Arabian Sea port now run by the China Overseas Port Holding Company. It is considered a staging point between central Asia and the Gulf¹⁶.

印度最担心的是连接中国和巴基斯坦的460亿美元经济走廊计划；巴基斯坦是印度的邻国以及对手，拥有核武器。按照该计划的蓝图，商品将从中国西部运往巴基斯坦的瓜达尔港(Gwadar)。瓜达尔曾经是坐落于阿拉伯海之滨的一个沉寂的港口，如今由中国海外港口控股有限公司(China Overseas Port Holding Company)经营。它被认为是中亚和海湾地区之间的中转点。

Part of the corridor will pass through Pakistan-held Kashmir, a territory that is still the subject of a decades-old, unresolved dispute between India and Pakistan. Indian analysts say that acceptance of the corridor would effectively acknowledge Pakistan’s rights over the territory now under its control, while India’s own claims over Kashmir have yet to be resolved — something New Delhi considers unacceptable. “This is a large scale project bringing People’s Liberation Army personnel [said to be guarding some project locations] right into the heart of what India considers to be occupied territory,” Mr Joshi says.

中巴经济走廊的一部分将穿过克什米尔地区巴基斯坦控制的部分，该地区是印度和巴基斯坦之间好几十年未能解决的领土纠纷的对象。印度分析人士表示，接受这条经济走廊相当于承认巴基斯坦对目前在其控制下的那部分克什米尔领土的主权，而印度本身对克什米尔的主权主张尚未解决——这在新德里方面看来是无法接受的。“这是一项大规模的工程，会把解放军人员（据称是为了守卫一些项目地点）直接带到被印度视为被占领土的心脏地带，”皇家联合军种研究院的乔希表示。

At a recent conference in Gwadar, Pakistan’s Army Chief, General Raheel Sharif, accused India of deliberately¹⁷ attempting to undermine the project. “India, our neighbour, has openly challenged this development initiative,” he said. “We will not allow anyone to create impediments or turbulence¹⁸ in any parts of Pakistan.”

最近在瓜达尔召开的一次会议上，巴基斯坦陆军参谋长拉希勒?谢里夫上将(Raheel Sharif)指责印度企图破坏该项目。“我们的邻国印度公开叫板这个开发项目，”他称，“我们不会允许任何人在巴基斯坦任何地方制造障碍或引起动荡。”

But wary¹⁹ as India may be of Chinese ambitions, analysts say New Delhi needs to take a measured approach to the new Silk Road, and embrace individual components²⁰.

但是，尽管印度可能对中国的野心抱有戒心，但是分析师称，新德里需要有分寸地对待新丝绸之路，欢迎某些个别项目。

India is already a member of the Chinese-led Asian Infrastructure²¹ Investment Bank, which will finance much of the infrastructure, potentially giving it some leverage²² over how the plan unfolds.

印度已经是中国主导创立的亚洲基础设施投资银行（AIIB，简称亚投行）的成员国之一，而该行将为很多基础设施项目提供资金，这可能会使印度在该计划如何展开的问题上具有一些影响力。

“For every belt they create, and every road that we create, can we create a slip road that connects Indian opportunities to the larger global market rather than reject it outright²³?” asks Samir Saran, of the Observer Research Foundation. “Can we?…?use their institutions to our own advantage?”

“对于他们创建的每一带和每一路，我们能不能打造一条匝道，让印度的机遇与更大的全球市场互联互通，而不是把这个计划一概拒之门外？”新德里观察者研究基金会(Observer Research Foundation)的萨米尔?萨兰(Samir Saran)称，“我们能把他们的机构为我所用吗？”

1 evoke   

vt.唤起，引起，使人想起

参考例句：

• These images are likely to evoke a strong response in the viewer.这些图像可能会在观众中产生强烈反响。
• Her only resource was the sympathy she could evoke.她以凭借的唯一力量就是她能从人们心底里激起的同情。

2 caravans   

（可供居住的）拖车（通常由机动车拖行）( caravan的名词复数 )； 篷车； （穿过沙漠地带的）旅行队（如商队）

参考例句：

• Old-fashioned gypsy caravans are painted wooden vehicles that are pulled by horses. 旧式的吉卜赛大篷车是由马拉的涂了颜色的木质车辆。
• Old-fashioned gypsy caravans are painted wooden vehicles. 旧时的吉普赛大篷车是涂了颜色的木质车辆。

3 pipelines   

管道( pipeline的名词复数 )； 输油管道； 在考虑（或规划、准备） 中； 在酿中

参考例句：

• The oil is carried to the oil refinery by pipelines. 石油通过输油管输送到炼油厂。
• The oil carried in pipelines. 石油用管道输送。

4 analysts   

分析家，化验员( analyst的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• City analysts forecast huge profits this year. 伦敦金融分析家预测今年的利润非常丰厚。
• I was impressed by the high calibre of the researchers and analysts. 研究人员和分析人员的高素质给我留下了深刻印象。

5 navigated   

v.给（船舶、飞机等）引航，导航( navigate的过去式和过去分词 )；（从海上、空中等）横越；横渡；飞跃

参考例句：

• He navigated the plane through the clouds. 他驾驶飞机穿越云层。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The ship was navigated by the North Star. 那只船靠北极星来导航。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 credible   

adj.可信任的，可靠的

参考例句：

• The news report is hardly credible.这则新闻报道令人难以置信。
• Is there a credible alternative to the nuclear deterrent?是否有可以取代核威慑力量的可靠办法？

7 rhetoric   

n.修辞学，浮夸之言语

参考例句：

• Do you know something about rhetoric?你懂点修辞学吗？
• Behind all the rhetoric,his relations with the army are dangerously poised.在冠冕堂皇的言辞背后，他和军队的关系岌岌可危。

8 endorse   

vt.(支票、汇票等)背书，背署；批注；同意

参考例句：

• No one is foolish enough to endorse it.没有哪个人会傻得赞成它。
• I fully endorse your opinions on this subject.我完全拥护你对此课题的主张。

9 palatable   

adj.可口的，美味的；惬意的

参考例句：

• The truth is not always very palatable.事实真相并非尽如人意。
• This wine is palatable and not very expensive.这种酒味道不错，价钱也不算贵。

10 precursor   

n.先驱者；前辈；前任；预兆；先兆

参考例句：

• Error is often the precursor of what is correct.错误常常是正确的先导。
• He said that the deal should not be seen as a precursor to a merger.他说该笔交易不应该被看作是合并的前兆。

11 naval   

adj.海军的，军舰的，船的

参考例句：

• He took part in a great naval battle.他参加了一次大海战。
• The harbour is an important naval base.该港是一个重要的海军基地。

12 shipping   

n.船运（发货，运输，乘船）

参考例句：

• We struck a bargain with an American shipping firm.我们和一家美国船运公司谈成了一笔生意。
• There's a shipping charge of ￡5 added to the price.价格之外另加五英镑运输费。

13 dual   

adj.双的；二重的，二元的

参考例句：

• The people's Republic of China does not recognize dual nationality for any Chinese national.中华人民共和国不承认中国公民具有双重国籍。
• He has dual role as composer and conductor.他兼作曲家及指挥的双重身分。

14 benign   

adj.善良的，慈祥的；良性的，无危险的

参考例句：

• The benign weather brought North America a bumper crop.温和的气候给北美带来大丰收。
• Martha is a benign old lady.玛莎是个仁慈的老妇人。

15 blueprint   

n.蓝图，设计图，计划；vt.制成蓝图，计划

参考例句：

• All the machine parts on a blueprint must answer each other.设计图上所有的机器部件都应互相配合。
• The documents contain a blueprint for a nuclear device.文件内附有一张核装置的设计蓝图。

16 gulf   

n.海湾；深渊，鸿沟；分歧，隔阂

参考例句：

• The gulf between the two leaders cannot be bridged.两位领导人之间的鸿沟难以跨越。
• There is a gulf between the two cities.这两座城市间有个海湾。

17 deliberately   

adv.审慎地；蓄意地；故意地

参考例句：

• The girl gave the show away deliberately.女孩故意泄露秘密。
• They deliberately shifted off the argument.他们故意回避这个论点。

18 turbulence   

n.喧嚣，狂暴，骚乱，湍流

参考例句：

• The turbulence caused the plane to turn over.空气的激流导致飞机翻转。
• The world advances amidst turbulence.世界在动荡中前进。

19 wary   

adj.谨慎的，机警的，小心的

参考例句：

• He is wary of telling secrets to others.他谨防向他人泄露秘密。
• Paula frowned,suddenly wary.宝拉皱了皱眉头，突然警惕起来。

20 components   

（机器、设备等的）构成要素，零件，成分； 成分( component的名词复数 )； [物理化学]组分； [数学]分量； （混合物的）组成部分

参考例句：

• the components of a machine 机器部件
• Our chemistry teacher often reduces a compound to its components in lab. 在实验室中化学老师常把化合物分解为各种成分。

21 infrastructure   

n.下部构造，下部组织，基础结构，基础设施

参考例句：

• We should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。
• We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设，发展各类群众文化。

22 leverage   

n.力量，影响；杠杆作用，杠杆的力量

参考例句：

• We'll have to use leverage to move this huge rock.我们不得不借助杠杆之力来移动这块巨石。
• He failed in the project because he could gain no leverage. 因为他没有影响力，他的计划失败了。

23 outright   

adv.坦率地；彻底地；立即；adj.无疑的；彻底的

参考例句：

• If you have a complaint you should tell me outright.如果你有不满意的事，你应该直率地对我说。
• You should persuade her to marry you outright.你应该彻底劝服她嫁给你。