运动反而使人变胖吗？

 　　In an age of 'fitspiration', it might come as a surprise that new research claims that exercise is in fact what is stopping us shedding those dreaded¹ love handles.

　　如今在这样一个人人追求健美的时代，一项新研究调查结果可能会令人们感到吃惊。该研究称运动实际上正是阻止我们甩掉可怕腰间赘肉的原因。

　　The survey conducted by the Weightloss and Health Institute asked over 1000 Australians to share whether their exercise and weight loss methods were proving effective. More than half of those who participated admitted that while they exercise, they can't seem to reach their weight loss goals.

　　健康瘦身研究所（Weightloss and Health Institute，以下简称WHI） 近日对1000名通过运动减重的澳洲人进行了调查访问，请他们分享自己的锻炼减肥方法是否真的行之有效。其中超过半数人承认，虽然他们进行了锻炼，但似乎总是不能达到自己所定的减肥目标。

　　The biggest factor the WHI found that was leading to stilted² weight loss was the direct link between strenuous³ exercise (any exercise seen to over exert the body) and the need to 'reward' or 'treat' yourself after your workout.

　　WHI发现，导致这种不理想的减重效果最大的直接因素就是人们在剧烈运动（指一些可能会使身体透支的运动项目）之后，需要对自己进行“奖励”或“犒劳”。

　　运动反而使人变胖吗？

　　Results also found that those who solely⁴ exercised to lose weight would disregard their diet - with 53 per cent admitting they actually eat more after exercising and 41 per cent rewarding themselves with sugary treats after.

　　研究结果表明，那些仅仅通过锻炼减肥的人不会注意自己的饮食。有53%的受访者表示自己实际上会在运动后吃得更多，而41%的受访者称自己会用含有高糖分的食物作为运动后的奖励。

　　Leading Australian weight loss coach Geoff Jowett says this 'reward system' is one of the most common reasons why exercise is leading to weight gain.

　　澳洲知名的瘦身教练乔伊特称，这种“奖励机制”正是导致运动后体重反而增加的一大普遍原因。

　　'It's been found that statistically⁵ if women participate in strenuous exercise they are likely to reward themselves after with something sweet,' says Jowett.

　　“经过调查统计后我们发现，很多女性如果进行了剧烈运动，她们很可能会在运动后选择吃一些甜食来犒赏自己，”乔伊特这样说。

　　'What happens is they will do a Cross Fit class then go and eat a piece of cake because they think they deserve it. Which means you can become fit and fat at the same time,' he said.

　　他说：“比如她们在做完一节交叉健身课程后就会去吃一块蛋糕，因为她们认为这是自己应得的奖励。这也就意味着人们在健身的同时也会变得肥胖。”

　　A study conducted by Arizona State University also recently found similar results when they studied the effects of aerobic⁶ exercise on overweight women.

　　近日，亚利桑那州立大学也进行了关于有氧运动对超重女性有何效果的研究，该研究结果与之相似。

　　The researchers asked 81 women who had a sedentary lifestyle to participate in a 12 week aerobic exercise program involving three treadmill⁷ sessions a week. They were also asked not to alter their diet.

　　研究人员邀请了81名平日有着静态生活方式的女性参加了一个12周有氧运动计划，平均每周有三次在跑步机上的锻炼机会，同时研究人员也要求她们不要改变自己的饮食习惯。

　　The end result found that while they were fitter after twelve weeks, they also were fatter. There was no noticeable weight loss amongst the group and almost 70 per cent of the women had piled on some fat mass during the program.

　　研究最终结果表明，尽管12周后她们或许变得比以前健美了一些，但同时也比以前胖了。这组女性并没有显著的减重成果，其中近70%的女性在参与这一计划后堆积了更多的脂肪。

　　Jowett says the important thing to note is that fitness and weight loss are different ball games. He believes it's a 80/20 ratio with 80 per cent being about what we eat and 20 per cent exercise.

　　乔伊特称有重要的一点需要我们注意，那就是健身与减重是截然不同的两个概念。他认为80%与20%的比率才是恰当的，而其中80%是关于我们的饮食，20%关于运动。

　　So what counts as strenuous exercise? 'Anything that you assess on a "Relative Perceived Exertion⁸" scale, with one being easiest and ten being harmful,' says Jowett.

　　那么到底什么算是剧烈运动呢？乔伊特说：“可以用相对自觉运动强度指数来衡量，1表示很轻松，10就表示对身体有损害了。”

　　'A brisk walk is good because you can still talk, but if you're doing exercise that feels above a seven like running, cycling, aerobics⁹, Cross Fit, then it won't be good for weight loss,' he said.

　　他说：“快走就属于十分好的运动，因为在散步的同时你还可以说话。但如果你进行超过七分体力的运动，例如跑步，骑单车，有氧运动，交叉健身等，这些都可能不利于减重。”

　　Jowett also notes that the exercise on 'The Biggest Loser' is not sustainable for people who are dramatically overweight because apart from the likelihood of injury and muscle strain, workouts like running are too strenuous on the body and lead to a spike¹⁰ in hunger which results in sugar cravings, high insulin levels and weight gain.

　　乔伊特也强调了那种在《超级减肥王》节目中的运动并不适用于一些明显超重的人群持续进行，除了十分容易发生受伤和肌肉劳损的情况外，跑步这类剧烈的运动对于身体能量的消耗很大，容易使人感到饥饿并激发身体对于糖分的渴望，增加了胰岛素水平而导致体重增加。

　　The solution Jowett believes is to separate fitness and weight loss. Address the weight issue first by taking steps towards healthy eating and then also adopt a simple 10,000 step a day approach.

　　乔伊特所推荐的解决方法是将健身与减重分开进行。要解决体重问题，第一步就是要先有健康的饮食习惯，然后每天进行简单的10000步快走运动。

　　For those who aren't sure how to tackle the basics, Jowett has also developed new weight loss app 'Trim for Life' that assists you with a holistic¹¹ health plan including: personalised recipes, motivation and expert tips from some of Australia's best health and fitness coaches (including celebrity¹² trainer Luke Istomin).

　　对于那些不确定自己该如何开始进行最基础第一步的人，乔伊特也为他们开发了一种新型的减重应用程序，“整理生活”。这一应用程序能够帮你制定出全面的生活健康计划，其中包括来自于全澳洲最优秀的健身教练们的所提出的关于减重的个性化食谱、鼓励、小提示等。（教练中还包括明星教练伊斯托明）

　　If fitness is still a priority, Jowett says you can always step up the hardcore exercise later.

　　如果健身仍然是一些人的优先选择的话，乔伊特教练建议可以在随后增加一些高强度的训练。

　　As for whether exercise is necessary at all - Jowell says if it's to drop kilos, forget about it.

　　至于说运动到底是不是必要的，乔伊特教练表示如果你只是为了减掉体重的话，那还是算了。

　　'Strenuous exercise is not the right prescription¹³, it's like cough medicine for a toe infection, it's just not the solution for weight loss.'

　　“剧烈运动绝对不是正确的瘦身方法，这就像是用止咳药去治疗脚趾感染一样，是完全不适合减重的方案。”

　　Vocabulary

　　love handle: 腰间赘肉

　　sedentary: 久坐不动的

　　treadmill: 跑步机

　　insulin：胰岛素

1 dreaded   

adj.令人畏惧的；害怕的v.害怕，恐惧，担心( dread的过去式和过去分词)

参考例句：

• The dreaded moment had finally arrived. 可怕的时刻终于来到了。
• He dreaded having to spend Christmas in hospital. 他害怕非得在医院过圣诞节不可。 来自《用法词典》

2 stilted   

adj.虚饰的；夸张的

参考例句：

• All too soon the stilted conversation ran out.很快这种做作的交谈就结束了。
• His delivery was stilted and occasionally stumbling.他的发言很生硬，有时还打结巴。

3 strenuous   

adj.奋发的，使劲的；紧张的；热烈的，狂热的

参考例句：

• He made strenuous efforts to improve his reading. 他奋发努力提高阅读能力。
• You may run yourself down in this strenuous week.你可能会在这紧张的一周透支掉自己。

4 solely   

adv.仅仅，唯一地

参考例句：

• Success should not be measured solely by educational achievement.成功与否不应只用学业成绩来衡量。
• The town depends almost solely on the tourist trade.这座城市几乎完全靠旅游业维持。

5 statistically   

ad.根据统计数据来看，从统计学的观点来看

参考例句：

• The sample of building permits is larger and therefore, statistically satisfying. 建筑许可数的样本比较大，所以统计数据更令人满意。
• The results of each test would have to be statistically independent. 每次试验的结果在统计上必须是独立的。

6 aerobic   

adj.需氧的，增氧健身法的，有氧的

参考例句：

• Aerobic exercise helps to build up stamina.有氧健身操有助于增强耐力。
• Aerobic dance is conductive to the health.有氧舞蹈有助于健康。

7 treadmill   

n.踏车；单调的工作

参考例句：

• The treadmill has a heart rate monitor.跑步机上有个脉搏监视器。
• Drugs remove man from the treadmill of routine.药物可以使人摆脱日常单调的工作带来的疲劳。

8 exertion   

n.尽力，努力

参考例句：

• We were sweating profusely from the exertion of moving the furniture.我们搬动家具大费气力，累得大汗淋漓。
• She was hot and breathless from the exertion of cycling uphill.由于用力骑车爬坡，她浑身发热。

9 aerobics   

n.健身操，健美操，韵律操

参考例句：

• Doing aerobics is a good way to improve one's health.做有氧健身操是改善健康状况的一个好方法。
• Aren't you going to the aerobics class this morning?今天上午你不是去上有氧运动课吗？

10 spike   

n.长钉，钉鞋；v.以大钉钉牢，使...失效

参考例句：

• The spike pierced the receipts and held them in order.那个钉子穿过那些收据并使之按顺序排列。
• They'll do anything to spike the guns of the opposition.他们会使出各种手段来挫败对手。

11 holistic   

adj.从整体着眼的，全面的

参考例句：

• There is a fundamental ambiguity in the use of word "whole" in recent holistic literature.在近代的整体主义著作中，“整体”这个词的用法极其含混。
• In so far as historicism is technological,its approach is not piecemeal,but "holistic".仅就历史决定论是一种技术而论，它的方法不是渐进的，而是“整体主义的”。

12 celebrity   

n.名人，名流；著名，名声，名望

参考例句：

• Tom found himself something of a celebrity. 汤姆意识到自己已小有名气了。
• He haunted famous men, hoping to get celebrity for himself. 他常和名人在一起, 希望借此使自己获得名气。

13 prescription   

n.处方，开药；指示，规定

参考例句：

• The physician made a prescription against sea- sickness for him.医生给他开了个治晕船的药方。
• The drug is available on prescription only.这种药只能凭处方购买。